Efectos de una intervención nutricional asociada a entrenamiento concurrente en la composición corporal de hombres físicamente activos / Effects of a nutritional intervention associated with concurrent training on the body composition of physically active men

RESUMEN: La práctica regular de ejercicio físico es una de las estrategias que se utiliza para optimizar la composición corporal. Para esto, no siempre se considera una intervención nutricional como parte de un trabajo interdisciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los efectos de un programa de intervención nutricional asociada a un entrenamiento concurrente en la composición corporal evaluada a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) en hombres físicamente activos. La intervención tuvo una duración de 6 meses, donde participaron 12 personas (23,4 ± 4,9 años). Durante los primeros 5 meses se aplicó una planificación alimentaria y de entrenamiento ajustado a las características individuales de cada uno de los participantes, al comienzo del 6º mes, fue eliminada la planificación alimentaria y sólo se mantuvo el entrenamiento, esto con el objetivo de analizar los posibles cambios de composición corporal de los participantes. Antes (previo al programa de intervención), durante (al final del mes 5) y posterior a la intervención (final del mes 6) se evaluó el tejido adiposo, muscular y la masa libre de grasa a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA). Los resultados muestran que el programa de entrenamiento con intervención nutricional generaron en los primeros 5 meses, una disminución del porcentaje de tejido adiposo (PRE= 16,20 ± 4,75; POST= 9,52 ± 3,70; p= 0,000; TE= 1,51) e índice de tejido adiposo (PRE= 5,34 ± 1,75; POST= 3,16 ± 1,34; p=0,001; TE=1,35), aumento del porcentaje de tejido muscular (PRE= 46,05 ± 3,02; POST= 49,90 ± 2,90; p=0,004; TE= -1,25) y aumento el índice muscular/adiposo (PRE= 2,53 ± 0,75; POST= 4,85 ± 2,64; p=0,005; TE= -1,15), efectos que se atenúan significativamente cuando la intervención nutricional fue retirada del programa de intervención (p>0.05). Se concluye que la intervención nutricional es un factor clave para generar efectos positivos en la optimización de la composición corporal independientemente del nivel de entrenamiento de las personas. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de la realización de una planificación alimentaria individualizada, ejecutada por un profesional nutricionista en los cambios de la composición corporal en sujetos físicamente activos. Los resultados de este estudio podrían orientar la consideración de un profesional nutricionista a la hora de formar equipos transdisciplinarios con el fin de mejorar hábitos de alimentación y de composición corporal.

SUMMARY: The regular practice of a certain type of training is one of the strategies used to optimize body composition. Consequently, nutritional intervention is not always considered as part of interdisciplinary work. This study aimed to identify the effects of a nutritional intervention program associated with concurrent training on body composition, assessed through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in physically active men. The intervention lasted 6 months, with the participation of 12 subjects (23.4 ± 4.9 years). During the first 5 months, food and training planning was applied, adjusted to the individual characteristics of each of the participants. At the beginning of the 6th month, food planning was eliminated and only training was maintained, to analyze the possible changes in body composition of the participants. Prior to (before the intervention program), during (at the end of month 5), and after the intervention (end of month 6), adipose tissue, muscle, and fat-free mass were evaluated through electrical bioimpedance (BIA). The results showed that in the first five months, this training program generated a decrease in the percentage of adipose tissue (PRE= 16.20 ± 4.75; POST= 9.52 ± 3.70; p= 0.000; ES= 1.51) and adipose tissue index (PRE= 5.34 ± 1.75; POST= 3.16 ± 1.34; p=0.001; ES=1.35), increase in the percentage of muscle tissue (PRE= 46.05 ± 3.02; POST= 49.90 ± 2.90; p=0.004; ES= -1.25) and increased muscle/fat index (PRE= 2.53 ± 0.75; POST = 4.85 ± 2.64, p=0.005, SE= -1.15). The above effects were significantly reduced when the nutritional intervention was withdrawn from the program (p>0.05). It is concluded that nutritional intervention is a key factor to generate positive effects in the optimization of body composition regardless of the level of training. These results show the importance of individualized food planning, carried out by a professional nutritionist with regard to changes in the body composition of physically active subjects. The results of this study could be useful for nutritionists when forming disciplinary teams to improve eating habits and body composition.

BVDV-1 induces interferon-beta gene expression through a pathway involving IRF1, IRF7, and NF-κB activation.

The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) is a pathogen with the capacity to modulate the interferon type I system. To further investigate the effects of BVDV-1 on the production of the immune response, the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was infected with the cytopathic CH001 field isolate of BVDV-1, and the IFNbeta expression profiles were analyzed. The results showed that cpBVDV-1 was able to induce the production of IFNbeta in a way similar to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, but with less intensity. Interestingly, all cpBVDV-1 activities were blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of the IRF-1, IRF-7, and NF-κB signaling pathway, and the level of IFNbeta decreased at the level of transcript and protein. These results, together with in silico analyses showing the presence of several regulatory consensus target motifs, suggest that cpBVDV-1 regulates IFNbeta expression in bovines through the activation of several key transcription factors. Collectively, the results suggest that during cpBVDV-1 infection, cross talk is evident between various signaling pathways involved in transcriptional activation of IFNbeta in cattle.