Haloferula chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1074(T), was isolated from marine sediment and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1074(T) grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1074(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Haloferula and was most closely related to Haloferula harenae KCTC 22198(T) (96.0% similarity). Strain CAU 1074(T) contained MK-9 as the major isoprenoid quinone, and iso-C(14:0,) C(16:1)ω9c and C(16:0) as the major fatty acids. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major whole-cell sugars were glucose, xylose, mannose and ribose. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminoglycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 64.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1074(T) should be classified as a member of a novel species in the genus Haloferula, for which the name Haloferula chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CAU 1074(T) (= KCTC 23578(T) = CCUG 61920(T)). An emended description of the genus Haloferula is also provided.

Chungangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, CAU 9163(T), was isolated from marine sediment collected in the Republic of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 8.0. In phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CAU 9163(T) formed a hitherto unknown lineage within the order Bacillales, which contains the genera Planomicrobium, Planococcus, Sporosarcina, Rummeliibacillus, Viridibacillus, Lysinibacillus and Bacillus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and any established bacterial species were all <95.7%. The major isoprenoid quinines of strain CAU 9163(T) were MK-8 (65.2%) and MK-7 (22.8%) and the predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C(15:0). The peptidoglycan was of the A4α type and based on L-Lys-D-Asp. The major whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. The polar lipid profile mainly consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 44.3 mol%. These data were sufficient to differentiate the novel strain from established genera in the phylum Firmicutes. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic evidence, strain CAU 9163(T) represents a novel species in a new genus for which the name Chungangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Chungangia koreensis is 9163(T) ( = KCTC 13729(T)  = CCUG 59778(T)).

Gulosibacter chungangensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Gulosibacter.

A gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, irregular short rod, strain CAU 9625(T), was isolated from a sediment of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 9625(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 9625(T) belonged to the genus Gulosibacter, which has one known member, Gulosibacter molinativorax. Strain CAU 9625(T) and G. molinativorax ON4(T) shared 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a distinct cluster (99 % bootstrap support) within the family Microbacteriaceae. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CAU 9625(T) and G. molinativorax DSM 13485(T) was 35.4±0.9 %. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. The major whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The fatty acid composition was similar to that of G. molinativorax DSM 13485(T), with anteiso-C(15 : 0) as the predominant fatty acid. The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 9625(T) was 66.2 mol%. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and several differentiating phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties revealed that strain CAU 9625(T) was distinguishable from G. molinativorax and other phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of these data, strain CAU 9625(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gulosibacter, for which the name Gulosibacter chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9625(T) ( = KCTC 13959(T)  = CCUG 60841(T)).

Paenibacillus puldeungensis sp. nov., isolated from a grassy sandbank.

The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, CAU 9324(T), isolated from a grassy sandbank was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 9324(T) grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol as the major component. The predominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0. The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 9324(T) was 48.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, showing < 96.4  % similarity to the type strains of all recognized Paenibacillus species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CAU 9324(T) was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus puldeungensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9324(T) (=KCTC 13718(T) =CCUG 59189(T)).

Paenibacillus chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal-flat sediment.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, strain CAU 9038(T), was isolated from a tidal-flat sediment of DaeYiJac Island, Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the dominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, with <96.1 % sequence similarity to type strains of Paenibacillus species with validly published names. The most closely related type strains to CAU 9038(T) were Paenibacillus thailandensis S3-4A(T) (96.1 % similarity) and Paenibacillus agaridevorans DSM 1355(T) (95.3 %). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data clearly indicated that strain CAU 9038(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9038(T) (=KCTC 13717(T) =CCUG 59129(T)).

Serinicoccus chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended description of the genus Serinicoccus.

A Gram-positive, halophilic bacterium, strain CAU 9536(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Yellow Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 9536(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 13.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 9536(T) belonged to the genus Serinicoccus, and showed sequence similarity levels of 99.0 % to Serinicoccus profundi MCCC 1A05965(T) and 98.0 % to Serinicoccus marinus JC1078(T). DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain CAU 9536(T) and the above two type strains were below 45.0 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 9536(T) was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, in contrast to those of S. profundi and S. marinus. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mainly glucose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-8 (H(4)), and the predominant cellular fatty acid was iso-C(15 : 0). The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 9536(T) was 73.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CAU 9536(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Serinicoccus, for which the name Serinicoccus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9536(T) ( = KCTC 19774(T) = CCUG 59777(T)).