Anti-TPO-mediated specific features of the placenta immunohistochemical profile and possible mechanisms for fetal loss.

Passive transfer of antithyroid antibodies in mice leads to reproductive disorders. The purpose was to assess the placental tissue of experimental animals under the influence of the circulating thyroperoxidase antibodies. We performed an immunohistochemical examination of murine placentae after a passive transfer of thyroperoxidase antibodies. Placentae of mice that passively transferred IgG from healthy donors were used as control samples. For histological examination, 30 placental samples were selected from mice from the anti-TPO group and 40 placental samples were taken from mice from the IgG group. Immunostaining for VEGFR1, THBS 1, Laminin, CD31, CD34, FGF-ß, CD56, CD14, TNF-α, kisspeptin, MCL 1, and Annexin V was performed. There is a significant decrease in the relative area of the expression of VEGFR1 (23.42 ± 0.85 vs. 33.44 ± 0.35, P < 0.01), thrombospondin 1 (31.29 ± 0.83 vs. 34.51 ± 0.75, P < 0.01), CD14 (25.80 ± 0.57 vs. 32.07 ± 0.36, P < .01), CD56 (30.08 ± 0.90 vs. 34.92 ± 0.15, P < 0.01), kisspeptin (25.94 ± 0.47 vs. 31.27 ± 0.57, P < 0.01), MCL 1 (29.24 ± 1.06 vs. 38.57 ± 0.79, P < 0.01) in the labyrinth zone of the placentae of mice from the anti-TPO group compared with control group. A significant increase in the relative expression of laminin and FGF-ß was noted in the group of mice to which antibodies to thyroperoxidase were transferred, compared with the control group (36.73 ± 1.38 vs. 29.83 ± 0.94, P < 0.01 and 23.26 ± 0.61 vs. 16.38 ± 1.01, P < 0.01respectively). Our study exposed an imbalance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, decreased representation of placental macrophages and NK cells, abnormal trophoblast invasion processes, and insufficient expression of antiapoptotic factors in the placentae of mice in which anti-TPO antibodies were passively transferred.

Expression of HLA-G and KIR2DL4 receptor in chorionic villous in missed abortion.

OBJECTIVE: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a molecule that was first known to confer protection to the fetus from destruction by the immune system of its mother. HLA-G expression is mainly restricted to the fetal-maternal interface on the extravillous cytotrophoblast, placenta, amnion.Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the HLA-G and KIR2DL4 expression in chorionic villous among 2 groups with missed abortion: group 1 - 27cases with normal karyotype and group 2 - 22 with fetal polyploidy. Criteria of inclusion: abortive material from two groups of women with missed abortion; 6-12 weeks gestational age, singleton pregnancy, cytogenetic of chorionic villous was obligatory - normal fetal karyotype and polyploidy of fetus.Results: During IHC investigations the average relative area of HLA-G expression in trophoblast was counted (in 1st group 33.9 ± 3.5 and in 2nd group 38.6 ± 2.8). Expression of HLA-G the most verified in extravillous chorion stroma. The average relative area of KIR2DL4 receptor was not statistically different among two groups (31.6 ± 2.4 and 32.2 ± 1.7). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the role of HLA-G for the progression in early reproductive losses. Low expression of HLA-G is associated with pregnancy complications and can be one of the reasons for spontaneous abortion.

Expression of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in chorionic villous in missed abortion.

The contemporary world despite its enough developed medicine and generally highly enlightened population faces a great problem of vitamin, micro-element and nutrient deficiency turning to become the XXI century pandemic. Along with that significant growth of interest can be seen towards vitamin D importance for reproductive physiology. The fact is that vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been detected in women's ovarium tissue, fallopian tubes, decidua and placenta. Some recent years studies have proven that vitamin D may act as immune regulator during implantation. During early pregnancy the trophoblast release vitamin D, which produces anti-inflammatory reaction and also induce decidual tissue growth for successive pregnancy. It was a comparison between the expression of Vitamin D and VDR in chorionic villous in cases of normal pregnancy and missed abortion groups. 64 samples of chorionic villous were taken: 32 from missed abortion and 32 from the induced abortion group. Abortive material was taken from two groups of women residing in North-West region of Russia: missed abortion and pregnancy terminated at woman's wish (induced abortion); 6-12 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy. Immune histochemical examination showed homogenous distribution of vitamin D and VDR expression in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and chorion villus stroma.Vitamin D expression relative area was 10,3% which is statistically different from the induced abortion group - 15,4% (p<0,01). VDR expression analysis showed its homogenous distribution in chorionic villus structures in both groups. High VDR expression was detected in chorion villus stromal components. In missed abortion group, the morphometry results showed distinctly lower relative area of vitamin D expression against the comparison group (35,9 ± 1,8; 56,1 ± 2,4 p < 0,01). Also in missed abortion group, positively significant correlation has been determined between the level of vitamin D in blood and VDR relative area expression (r = 0,412). In missed abortion group, definite vitamin D and VDR expression decrease was detected compared to the induced abortion group. The results witness vitamin D importance for pregnancy progress.