Evaluating the effects of dietary patterns on circulating C-reactive protein levels in the general adult population: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies.

Adopting a healthy dietary pattern may be an initial step in combating inflammation-related chronic diseases; however, a comprehensive synthesis evaluating current evidence is lacking. This umbrella review aimed to summarise the current evidence on the effects of dietary patterns on circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in adults. We conducted an exhaustive search of the Pubmed, Scopus and Epistemonikos databases, spanning from their inception to November 2023, to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses across all study designs. Subsequently, we employed a random-effects model to recompute the pooled mean difference. Methodological quality was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) checklist, and evidence certainty was categorised as non-significant, weak, suggestive, highly suggestive or convincing (PROSPERO: CRD42023484917). We included twenty-seven articles with thirty meta-analyses of seven dietary patterns, fifteen of which (50 %) exhibited high methodological quality. The summary effects of randomised controlled trials (RCT) found that the Mediterranean diet was the most effective in reducing circulating CRP levels, followed by Vegetarian/Vegan and Energy-restricted diets, though the evidence was of weak quality. In contrast, Intermittent Fasting, Ketogenic, Nordic and Paleolithic diets did not show an inverse correlation with circulating CRP levels. Some results from combined interventional and observational studies, as well as solely observational studies, also agreed with these findings. These dietary patterns show the potential in reducing CRP levels in adults, yet the lack of high-quality evidence suggests future studies may alter the summary estimates. Therefore, further well-conducted studies are warranted.

The T cell receptor ß chain repertoire of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes improves neoantigen prediction and prioritization.

In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, the meticulous selection of neoantigens plays a fundamental role in enhancing personalized treatments. Traditionally, this selection process has heavily relied on predicting the binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigens (pHLA). Nevertheless, this approach often overlooks the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the immune system. In response to this limitation, we have developed an innovative prediction algorithm rooted in machine learning, integrating T cell receptor ß chain (TCRß) profiling data from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for a more precise neoantigen prioritization. TCRß sequencing was conducted to profile the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 28 CRC patients. The data unveiled both intra-tumor and inter-patient heterogeneity in the TCRß repertoires of CRC patients, likely resulting from the stochastic utilization of V and J segments in response to neoantigens. Our novel combined model integrates pHLA binding information with pHLA-TCR binding to prioritize neoantigens, resulting in heightened specificity and sensitivity compared to models using individual features alone. The efficacy of our proposed model was corroborated through ELISpot assays on long peptides, performed on four CRC patients. These assays demonstrated that neoantigen candidates prioritized by our combined model outperformed predictions made by the established tool NetMHCpan. This comprehensive assessment underscores the significance of integrating pHLA binding with pHLA-TCR binding analysis for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.

Understanding and Controlling Structural Defects and Disordering in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for Direct Recycling.

Despite significant progress in recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), nondestructive, direct recycling methods still face untenable discrepancies in multiple cathode chemistries, which primarily originate from a variety of structure stabilities during the recycling process. Through systematic investigation of the microstructure evolution during the relithiation treatment, we observed the inevitably induced defects and Li/Mn disordering in the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, contributing to the sluggish Li+ transport and irreversible capacity loss. Employing a defect engineering approach to achieve twin boundaries and preferred grain orientation, we show the regenerated cathodes demonstrate a substantial enhancement of Li+ diffusion and cycling stability, retaining 97.4% capacity after 100 cycles and 87.96% after 200 cycles at C/3. This work not only elaborates on a systematic investigation of defect inducement and structural restoration mechanism but also provides an effective approach to directly recycle high-voltage spinel-type cathodes, contributing to the sustainability of next-generation LIBs.

310-Helix stabilization and screw sense control via stereochemically configured 4-atom hydrocarbon staples.

The 310-helix is a crucial secondary structure in proteins, playing an essential role in various protein-protein interactions, yet stabilizing it in biologically relevant peptides remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the potential of 4-atom hydrocarbon staples to stabilize 310-helices in peptides. Using ring-closing metathesis, we demonstrated that the staple's configuration is critical for both the stabilization and screw sense control of 310-helices. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the Ri,i+3S(4) staple-a 4-atom cross-link with (R)-configuration at the i position, (S)-configuration at the i + 3 position, and flanked by methyl groups-strongly induces right-handed 310-helices, especially in sequences with proteinogenic l-amino acids. Furthermore, multiple staples effectively stabilized longer peptides, underscoring the versatility of this approach for applications in peptide therapeutics and biomolecular engineering.

Evaluating Lactate and D-Dimer as Mortality Predictors of Paediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Prospective Study in a Low-Middle Income Country.

Background: Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a complex medical condition characterised by dysfunction across multiple organs. With limited information available on mortality prediction in the paediatric population, particularly in low-middle income countries, this study evaluates the mortality predicting capabilities of lactate, D-dimer, and their combination. Methods: This prospective study involved paediatric patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the largest central children's hospital in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam, from 2019 to 2021. The discriminative ability and calibration of both individual and combined tests were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: Among the patients studied, 63.1% did not survive. Lactate and D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher in the non-survivor group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values for lactate, D-dimer and the combined lactate-D-dimer test were 0.742, 0.775 and 0.804, respectively, with the combination showing the highest AUC value, though without statistical significance. Specific thresholds for lactate, D-dimer and the combination yielded sensitivities of 75.5%, 71.7%, and 66.0%, respectively. All three tests showed no statistically significant differences between observed and predicted mortality in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (all P-values > 0.05). Conclusion: Lactate and D-dimer levels showed a significant association with mortality, along with good discrimination and calibration abilities. These results highlight the utility of lactate and D-dimer as effective predictors in paediatric MODS, particularly in resource-limited settings, and their role in improving patient outcomes.

Utilizing Predictive Factors as a Screening Tool for Early-Onset Sepsis in Neonates.

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a severe condition that affects newborns within the first three days of life, with high mortality rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Vietnam, the diagnosis and management of EOS are challenged by ambiguous clinical signs and limited access to blood culture testing facilities. Early identification of at-risk neonates using a predictive risk factor model is crucial for improving neonatal care and reducing mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with EOS and develop a predictive screening tool to facilitate the early detection of at-risk neonates in Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted on 225 neonates at the central neonatal unit in a principal tertiary hospital in southwestern Vietnam over a two-year period. Risk factors were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A predictive nomogram was developed and evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The study identified eight significant risk factors for EOS, including maternal genital infections during the third trimester, urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy, hypertension during pregnancy, insufficient maternal weight gain, rupture of membranes (ROM) ≥18 hours, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, first-minute APGAR score <7, and preterm birth <34 weeks. The predictive model demonstrated excellent discrimination with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.913 (95% CI: 0.876-0.95, p<0.001) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test with χ²(df)=5.496 (5), p=0.358). The model-based nomogram showed high sensitivity (82.7%) and specificity (83.3%) at an optimal cutoff of 0.25. The DCA illustrates the model's good clinical utility, providing a higher net benefit across most threshold probability ranges (0.0-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a robust predictive model for the early identification of neonates at risk of EOS in Vietnam, based on key maternal and neonatal risk factors. The model, with demonstrated accuracy and reliability, holds significant potential for improving neonatal outcomes through timely interventions. Future research should aim at external validation and inclusion of broader clinical data to enhance the model's applicability and generalizability.

Real-world effectiveness of eptacog beta in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors: A multi-institutional case series.

INTRODUCTION: The management of bleeding events (BEs) in haemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) patients with inhibitors necessitates the use of bypassing agents. The recombinant factor VIIa bypassing agent eptacog beta has demonstrated efficacy at treating BEs and managing perioperative bleeding in adults in phase three clinical studies. AIM: To provide real-world descriptions of eptacog beta use for BE treatment in patients on emicizumab or eptacog beta prophylaxis. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of 14 patients who received eptacog beta at seven haemophilia treatment centres, with HA (n = 11) or HB (n = 3) and inhibitors or anaphylaxis to factor replacement. RESULTS: Twenty-four spontaneous and traumatic BEs are described (muscle hematomas, joint hemarthroses, port site, and epistaxis) involving 11 subjects. Eptacog beta was effective for acute bleed treatment as both first-line therapy and for treatment of BEs refractory to eptacog alfa in 23/24 events. When eptacog beta was used for prophylaxis, 2/3 patients reported a decreased frequency of breakthrough BEs compared with prophylactic eptacog alfa and one patient experienced a similar frequency of breakthrough BEs compared with prophylactic activated prothrombin complex concentrate. Eptacog beta provided effective bleed control for three subjects who underwent minor surgical procedures. Treatment with eptacog beta was estimated to be 46%-72% more cost-effective than eptacog alfa. No safety concerns or adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, eptacog beta was safe, effective, and economical as first-line therapy, treatment of refractory BEs, management of perioperative bleeding, or prophylaxis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors.

Social, Behavioral, and Clinical Risk Factors Are Associated with Clonal Hematopoiesis.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors including smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and sleep patterns have been associated with cancer risk. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), including mosaic chromosomal alterations and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, is linked to increased hematopoietic cancer risk and could be used as common preclinical intermediates for the better understanding of associations of risk factors with rare hematologic malignancies. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 478,513 UK Biobank participants without hematologic malignancies using multivariable-adjusted analyses to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and CH types. RESULTS: Smoking was reinforced as a potent modifiable risk factor for multiple CH types, with dose-dependent relationships persisting after cessation. Males in socially deprived areas of England had a lower risk of mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY), females with moderate/high alcohol consumption (2-3 drinks/day) had increased mosaic loss of the X chromosome risk [OR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.25; P = 8.31 × 10-6] compared with light drinkers, active males (moderate-high PA) had elevated risks of mLOY (PA category 3: OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08; P = 7.57 × 10-6), and men with high body mass index (≥40) had reduced risk of mLOY (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51-0.65; P = 3.30 × 10-20). Sensitivity analyses with body mass index adjustment attenuated the effect in the mLOY-PA associations (IPAQ2: OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; P = 2.13 × 10-2 and IPAQ3: OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; P = 7.77 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals associations between social deprivation, smoking, and alcohol consumption and CH risk, suggesting that these exposures could contribute to common types of CH and potentially rare hematologic cancers. IMPACT: This study underscores the impact of lifestyle factors on CH frequency, emphasizing social, behavioral, and clinical influences and the importance of sociobehavioral contexts when investigating CH risk factors.

TWO NEW CERATOMYXA SPECIES (MYXOSPOREA: CERATOMYXIDAE) INFECTING THE GALL BLADDER OF MARINE FISHES FROM THE SOUTH-CENTRAL COAST OF VIETNAM.

Myxospores discovered floating free in the bile of marine fishes from the south-central coast of Vietnam were identified using morphological and molecular methods, leading to the description of 2 new species. Ceratomyxa chauvanminhi n. sp. was detected in 16% (8/50) of cultured barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) specimens, and Ceratomyxa sekoi n. sp. was found in 20% (5/25) of wild largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus specimens. The spores of C. chauvanminhi n. sp. are very shallowly ovoid, slightly crescent shaped, and 11.5 ± 0.5 (10.7-12.4) µm thick, 5.8 ± 0.2 (5.4-6.1) µm long, and 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.2-5.7) µm wide. Their posterior angles are slightly concave at 158.7° ± 4.2° (151.3°-164.8°), and they possess 2 equal spherical polar capsules 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.1-2.9) µm in diameter. The spores of C. sekoi n. sp. are 5.6 ± 0.2 (5.0-6.1) µm long, 75.5 ± 4.8 (68.9-90.0) µm thick, and 5.5 ± 0.1 (5.4-5.6) µm wide, with 2 equal, slightly anterior spherical polar capsules 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.7-2.4) µm in diameter. Although C. sekoi n. sp. spores resemble those of species of MyxodavisiaZhao, Zhou, Kent, and Whipps, 2008, characterized by long tapering valves, genetic analyses distinctly place this new species within the Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 lineage. This study contributes to the understanding myxosporean diversity in Vietnamese waters and highlights the difficulty associated with distinguishing between the genera Ceratomyxa and Myxodavisia.

Amine-bearing hydrocarbon cross-links: Tailoring helix stability, hydrophilicity, and synthetic adaptability in peptides.

This study comprehensively explored the helix-stabilizing effects of amine-bearing hydrocarbon cross-links (ABXs), revealing their context-dependent nature influenced by various structural parameters. Notably, we identified a 9-atom ABX as a robust helix stabilizer, showcasing versatile synthetic adaptability while preserving peptide water solubility. Future investigations are imperative to fully exploit this system's potential and enrich our chemical toolkit for designing innovative peptide-based biomolecules.

Transarterial doxorubicin-eluting beads embolization for the treatment of desmoid fibromatosis in the pubic region.

Desmoid fibromatosis (DFs) is rare, low-grade neoplasm. Although it poses no risk of metastasis, DFs exhibits a range of clinical manifestations characterized by local infiltrative growth tendencies and a propensity for recurrence. Despite its nonmalignant nature, DFs can be highly debilitating and occasionally life-threatening, causing severe pain and functional limitations. Traditionally, surgery served as the conventional primary treatment approach; nevertheless, a recent shift in paradigm towards a more conservative management has emerged, accompanied by efforts to standardize the strategy among clinicians. Systemic doxorubicin has been demonstrated to be effective in treating DFs; however, it carries potential risks of adverse effects on the cardiovascular, digestive, and hematologic systems. The novel intravascular intervention employing drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin represents an effective treatment for DFs, optimizing drug delivery to the target lesion and reducing systemic toxicity. In this article, we present a rare case of DFs in the right pubic region treated with transarterial doxorubicin-eluting beads embolization.

Reaction of methylene blue with OH radicals in the aqueous environment: mechanism, kinetics, products and risk assessment.

Methylene Blue (MB) is an industrial chemical used in a broad range of applications, and hence its discharge is a concern. Yet, the environmental effects of its degradation by HO˙ radicals have not been fully studied yet. This study employs quantum chemical calculations to investigate the two-step degradation of MB by HO˙ radicals in aqueous environments. It was found that MB undergoes a rapid reaction with the HO˙ radical, with an overall rate constant of 5.51 × 109 to 2.38 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and has a rather broad lifetime range of 11.66 hours to 5.76 years in water at 273-383 K. The calculated rate constants are in good agreement with the experimental values (k calculation/k experimental = 2.62, pH > 2, 298 K) attesting to the accuracy of the calculation method. The HO˙ + MB reaction in water followed the formal hydrogen transfer and radical adduct formation mechanisms, yielding various intermediates and products. Based on standard tests these intermediates and some of the products can pose a threat to aquatic organisms, including fish, daphnia, and green algae, they have poor biodegradability and have the potential to induce developmental toxicity. Hence MB in the environment is of moderate concern depending on the ratio of safe to harmful breakdown products.

Innovative Semi-Nested Realtime PCR Assay with Extendable Blocking Probe for Enhanced Analysis of SEPT9 Methylation in Colorectal Cancer.

(1) Background: The detection of methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in plasma is a promising approach to non-invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Traditional approaches have limitations in sensitivity and cost-effectiveness, particularly in resource-limited settings. (2) Methods: We developed a semi-nested realtime PCR assay utilizing extendable blocking probes (ExBP) to enhance the detection of low-level mSEPT9 based on DNA melting. This assay allows for the discrimination of mSEPT9 in the presence of high concentrations of non-methylated SEPT9 (up to 100,000 times higher). (3) Results: The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 73.91% and specificity of 80%, showcasing its ability to detect very low levels of methylated DNA effectively. The innovative use of ExBP without costly modified probes simplifies the assay setup and reduces the overall costs, enhancing its applicability in diverse clinical settings. (4) Conclusions: This novel assay significantly improves the detection of mSEPT9, offering a potential advance in CRC screening and monitoring. Its cost-efficiency and high sensitivity make it particularly suitable for the early detection and management of CRC, especially in settings with limited resources. Future studies are encouraged to validate this assay in larger populations to establish its clinical benefits and practical utility.

Assessment of the level and risk of radioactive hazards in coastal sediments in northern Vietnam.

Radioactivity in coastal sediments in northern Vietnam was examined using data from five sediment cores to assess radioactivity concentrations and radiation risk indices. Radiation risk indices included radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (ADR), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), the activity utilization index (AUI), the external hazard index (Hex), the representative level gamma index (Iγr), and the annual gonadal effective dose rate (AGDE). The radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 238U, and 137Cs were 567, 56.1, 35.1, 37.9, and 1.18 Bq/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, and 238U were above the global average at five sites, except for 137Cs, which was low. The Raeq, Hex, and AUI indices were below the recommended values, while the AEDE, ADR, AGDE, and Iγr indices were above the recommended values. Moreover, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, and 238U had significant impacts on the radiation hazard indices Raeq, ADR, AEDE, Iγr, AUI, Hex, and AGDE. There are three coastal sediment groups on the northern coast of Vietnam: Group 1 has a higher radioactivity and radiation risk index than Group 2 but a lower value than Group 3. Group 3 had the highest radioactivity and radiation risk index. The values of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, and 238U and the ADR, AUI, Iγr, and AGDE indices in the sediment threaten the living environment.

Who Do We Fail to Rescue after Pancreatoduodenectomy? Outcomes Among >4000 Procedures Expose Windows of Opportunity.

OBJECTIVE: Our investigation on in-hospital mortality after 4474 pancreatoduodenectomies aimed to identify time-dependent risks as well as windows of opportunity to rescue patients from complications. BACKGROUND: Pancreatoduodenectomy is generally considered a safe procedure with a 1-10% perioperative mortality based on complexity and surgical volume. Yet, patients are susceptible for life-threatening complications particularly with extended resections. Recognition of distinct vulnerabilities over time while patients recover is required to permit focused monitoring, sophisticated resource allocation, and greatest surgical safety. METHODS: Patients who deceased in-hospital after pancreatoduodenectomy between 2003-2021 were retrieved from the institutional pancreatectomy registry and analyzed in detail with respect to their postoperative course. RESULTS: Among 4474 pancreatoduodenectomies, 156 patients deceased in-hospital (3.5%). When assessing root causes of mortality, we observed 3 different clusters of complications which were postpancreatectomy-specific (47.4%), visceral vasculature-associated (25.6%), or cardiopulmonary in origin (23.7%). The median times of root cause onset in the 3 categories were postoperative day (POD) 9, POD 4.5 ( P =0.008) and POD 3 ( P <0.001), and medians of in-hospital mortality were POD 31, POD 18 ( P =0.009) and POD 8 ( P <0.001), respectively. Intervals between root cause onset and mortality varied with medians of 23 days, 11 days ( P =0.017), and 1 days ( P <0.001). The 3 categories were similarly distributed between different types of surgical complexity. CONCLUSION: Postpancreatectomy-specific complications prompt almost half of in-hospital mortalities after pancreatoduodenectomy, with rather long intervals for interventions to prevent failure to rescue. In contrast, visceral vasculature-related events and cardiopulmonary complications dominate early in-hospital mortalities with short intervals until mortality, demanding rigorous management of such events or preoperative conditioning. These data externally validate a previous high-volume initiative and highlight distinct windows of opportunity to optimize perioperative safety.

Frequency-hopping along with resolution-turning for fast and enhanced reconstruction in ultrasound tomography.

The distorted Born iterative (DBI) method is considered to obtain images with high-contrast and resolution. Besides satisfying the Born approximation condition, the frequency-hopping (FH) technique is necessary to gradually update the sound contrast from the first iteration and progress to the actual sound contrast of the imaged object in subsequent iterations. Inspired by the fact that the higher the frequency, the higher the resolution. Because low-frequency allows for low-resolution object imaging, hence for high-resolution imaging requirements, using low-frequency to possess a high-resolution image from the first iteration will be less efficient. For an effective reconstruction, the object's resolution at low frequencies should be small. And similarly, with high frequencies, the object resolution should be larger. Therefore, in this paper, the FH, and the resolution-turning (RT) technique are proposed to obtain object images with high-contrast and -resolution. The convergence speed in the initial iterations is rapidly achieved by utilizing low frequency in the frequency-turning technique and low image resolution in the resolution-turning technique. It is crucial to ensure accurate object reconstruction for subsequent iterations. The desired spatial resolution is attained by employing high frequency and large image resolution. The resolution-turning distorted Born iterative (RT-DBI) and frequency-hopping distorted Born iterative (FH-DBI) solutions are thoroughly investigated to exploit their best performance. This makes sense because if it is not good to choose the number of iterations for the frequency f1 in FH-DBI and for the resolution of N1 × N1 in RT-DBI, then these solutions give even worse quality than traditional DBI. After that, the RT-FH-DBI integration was investigated in two sub-solutions. We found that the lower frequency f1 used both before and after the RT would get the best performance. Consequently, compared to the traditional DBI approaches, the normalized error and total runtime for the reconstruction process were dramatically decreased, at 83.6% and 18.6%, respectively. Besides fast and quality imaging, the proposed solution RT-FH-DBI is promised to produce high-contrast and high-resolution object images, aiming at object reconstruction at the biological tissue. The development of 3D imaging and experimental verification will be studied further.

Digitizing translucent object appearance by validating computed optical properties.

The optical properties available for an object are most often fragmented and insufficient for photorealistic rendering of the object. We propose a procedure for digitizing a translucent object with sufficient information for predictive rendering of its appearance. Based on object material descriptions, we compute optical properties and validate or adjust this object appearance model based on comparison of simulation with spectrophotometric measurements of the bidirectional scattering-surface reflectance distribution function (BSSRDF). To ease this type of comparison, we provide an efficient simulation tool that computes the BSSRDF for a particular light-view configuration. Even with just a few configurations, the localized lighting in BSSRDF measurements is useful for assessing the appropriateness of computed or otherwise acquired optical properties. To validate an object appearance model in a more common lighting environment, we render the appearance of the obtained digital twin and assess the photorealism of our renderings through pixel-by-pixel comparison with photographs of the physical object.

New dihydrophenanthrenes from Elatostema tenuicaudatum.

Three new dihydrophenanthrenes were isolated from the whole plant of Elatostema tenuicaudatum collected in Vietnam. These compounds were identified as 2,3,5-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 2,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3). Their structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of these compounds against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition of NO production, with an IC50 value of 15.8 ± 1.2 µM. This study represents the first report on the chemical compositions and biological activities of E. tenuicaudatum.