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2.
Mali Med ; 38(1): 31-34, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506200

RESUMO

Postpartum family planning is the prevention of pregnancy during the 12 months following childbirth. OBJECTIVE: To study the use of contraceptive methods in the postpartum period in the obstetrics gynecology department of the district hospital of the commune II of Bamako. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. All women who had given birth who had chosen and benefited from a contraceptive method were included. The statistical test used was Fisher's test with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: In 2 years, the contraceptive prevalence in the postpartum was 26.1%. More than 2/3 of counseling (61%) was done during prenatal consultations, 8% during the latency phase, 26% in the immediate postpartum and 5% during the postnatal visit. The most chosen methods were implants (47.1%), intrauterine device (29.6%), miro-progestin pills (12.5%), injectable progestogens (8%) and condoms (3.2%). CONCLUSION: Postpartum family planning contributes to increasing contraceptive prevalence.


La planification familiale du postpartum est la prévention des grossesses durant les 12 mois qui suivent l'accouchement. OBJECTIF: Etudier l'utilisation des méthodes contraceptives dans le postpartum dans le service de gynécologie obstétrique de l'hôpital de district de la commune II de Bamako. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive et analytique avec collecte prospective des données du 1er janvier 2019 au 31 décembre 2020. Ont été incluses, toutes les accouchées ayant choisi et bénéficié d'une méthode contraceptive. Le test statistique utilisé a été le test de Fisher avec un seuil de significativité fixé à 5%. RÉSULTATS: En 2 ans, la prévalence contraceptive dans le postpartum était de 26,1%. Plus des 2/3 des counselings (61%) ont été faits lors des consultations prénatales, 8% pendant la phase de latence, 26% dans le postpartum immédiat et 5% lors de la visite postnatale. Les méthodes les plus choisies ont été les implants (47,1%), le dispositif intra-utérin (29,6%), les pilules miro-progestatives (12,5%), les progestatifs injectables (8%) et les préservatifs (3,2%). CONCLUSION: La planification familiale du postpartum contribue à augmenter la prévalence contraceptive.

3.
Mali Med ; 37(2): 65-70, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506211

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Contraceptive prevalence is low in Mali. The information provided by the media men can help to increase or decrease the use of contraceptive methods. OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Bamako media Men on family planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection from June 1 to August 30, 2019. It concerned journalists and presenters of 15 radio and 6 televisions in Bamako. RESULTS: During the 3 months, 615 media Men agreed to participate in this study. These are men and women from 36 to 45 years old in 37.2% of cases, married in 81.3% of cases. The radio with 85.5% was their main source of information on family planning. They all knew at least one contraceptive method. The best-known methods were pills (94.3%), injectables (57%) and implants (49.1%). They were in favor of the practice of family planning in 77.2% of cases, 76.9% had already used a method and 56.7% had already hosted a program on family planning. CONCLUSION: Media men are essential in the transmission of information. The quality of the information provided by these Media men can be influenced by their personal perceptions and attitudes. Their better involvement in the promotion of family planning can help to increase contraceptive prevalence.


INTRODUCTION: La prévalence contraceptive est faible au Mali. Les informations transmises par les Hommes de médias peuvent contribuer à augmenter ou à diminuer l'utilisation des méthodes contraceptives. OBJECTIF: Etudier les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des Hommes de médias de Bamako sur la planification familiale. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte prospective des données du 1er juin au 30 août 2019. Elle a concerné les journalistes et les animateurs de 15 radios et 6 télévisions de Bamako. RÉSULTATS: Durant les 3 mois, 615 Hommes de médias de Bamako ont accepté de participer à cette étude. Il s'agissait d'hommes et de femmes âgés de 36 à 45 ans dans 37,2% des cas, mariés dans 81,3% des cas. La radio avec 85,5% était leur principale source d'information sur la planification familiale. Ils connaissaient tous au moins une méthode contraceptive. Les méthodes les plus connues étaient les pilules (94,3%), les injectables (57%) et les implants (49,1%). Ils étaient favorables à la pratique de la planification familiale dans 77,2% des cas, 76,9% avaient déjà utilisé une méthode et 56,7% avaient déjà animé une émission sur la planification familiale. CONCLUSION: Les Hommes de médias sont essentiels dans la transmission de l'information. La qualité de l'information fournie par ces Hommes de médias peut être influencée par leurs perceptions et attitudes personnelles. Leur meilleure implication dans la promotion de la planification familiale peut contribuer à augmenter la prévalence contraceptive.

4.
Mali Med ; 36(4): 54-58, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200728

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Mali. Among the factors associated with maternal mortality are sociodemographic and economicfactors, but also dysfunctions related to the health care system. It is in this context that this study was conducted in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou to determine the factors associated with maternal deaths by the audit method in the Segouregion. METHOD: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study that was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015. The data were captured and analyzed on Epi Info version 2003. RESULTS: The analysisincluded 41 auditeddeaths out of 79 maternaldeathsreportedduring the period, amaternalmortality rate of 51.90%. Direct obstetric causes accounted for the majority (51.23%). Of these causes hemorrhagewas the main with 17.08% followed by eclampsia (14.63%). 31.71% of deathswerepreventable. The main riskfactorsidentifiedwere: delayed care, referral / evacuationdelay, diagnostic errors (hospitallevel), non-availability of blood. CONCLUSION: Continueddeath audits at the healthfacilitylevelcouldbe an approach to improving the quality of care and reducingmaternal and perinataldeaths.


INTRODUCTION: La mortalité maternelle demeure un problème de santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement dont le Mali. Parmi les facteurs associés à la mortalité maternelle on peut citer notamment les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques, mais aussi les dysfonctionnements liés au système de soins. C'est dans ce cadre que cette étude été menée dans le service de gynéco-obstétrique de l'hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou pour déterminer les facteurs associés aux décès maternels par la méthode d'audit dans la région de Ségou. MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et rétrospective qui a étéréaliséede janvier 2014 à décembre 2015. Les données ont été saisies et analysées sur Epi Info version 2003. RÉSULTATS: L'analyse a porté sur 41 décèsaudités sur 79 décès maternels notifiés au cours de la période, soit un taux de décès maternels audités de 51,90%.Les causes obstétricales directes étaient majoritaires (51,23%).Parmi ces causes l'hémorragieétait la principale avec 17,08% suivie de l'éclampsie (14,63%). 31,71% des décès étaient évitables.Les principaux facteurs de risques identifiés ont été :le retard de prise en charge, le retard de référence / évacuation, les erreurs de diagnostic (niveau hôpital), la non disponibilité du sang. CONCLUSION: La poursuite des audits des décès au niveau des établissements de santé pourrait être une approche d'amélioration de la qualité des soins et de réduction des décès maternels et périnatals.

5.
Mali Med ; 35(3): 23-27, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978737

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of Our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of Nonunion of patella fractures. PATIENTS METHODS: It was a retrospective study done concerning 25 patients treated fromJanuary 2005 to December 2015 in the orthopedic trauma service CHU Bocar Sidy SALL Kati. RESULTS: We gather together 25 cases of Nonunion of patella fractures disease among 28 caseswhich was about 89.28%. Our patients were divided into 20 men and 5 women, mean age was 36 years, ranging from ages 22 to 75 years. Posttraumatic period was 6-18 months. The initial fracture was neglected in 21 cases and treated in 4 cases. Physical examination revealed lameness in 92% of cases, atrophy of the quadriceps in 56% of cases, joint stiffness, 56% and an inter-fragmentary gap in 92% of patients. The radiographic data were consistent with pseudoarthrosis in all cases. The inter-fragmentary gap was 36 mm on average. The care of our patients was based on plugging and guy-wiring in 64 % of cases and strapping pre- and peri patella in 12% of cases. A partial patellectomy was practiced in 2 cases. A VY plasty of the quadriceps was recommended in 4 cases.The patients were reviewed after a mean of 10 months (8 months- 24 months). Functional outcomes analyzed using Bostman scores were excellent in 4 cases (16%), good in 18 cases (72%) and poor in 3 cases (12%). CONCLUSION: Nonunion of the patella is mostly due to the lack of treatment or wrong treatment leads. Treatment with plugging and guy-wiring seems the most appropriate method.


OBJECTIF: l'objectif de notre étude était décrireles aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques de la pseudarthrose de la patella. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective concernant 25 patients colligés entre janvier 2005 et décembre 2015 dans le service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie du CHU Bocar Sidy SALL de Kati. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 25 cas de pseudarthrose aseptique de la patella sur 28 cas, soit 89,28%. Nos patients se répartissaient en 20 hommes et 5 femmes. L'âge moyen était de 36 ansavec des extrêmes de 22 et 75 ans. Ledélai post traumatique était de 6-18 mois. La fracture initiale était négligée dans 21 cas et traitée dans 4 cas. L'examen clinique retrouvait une boiterie dans 92%, une amyotrophie du quadriceps dans 56%, une raideur du genou dans 56%, et un vide inter-fragmentaire dans 92%. Les données radiographiques étaient compatibles avec la pseudarthrose de la patella dans tous les cas. L'écart inter-fragmentaire était de 36 mm en moyenne. La prise en charge de nos patients reposait sur l'embrochage-haubanage dans 64%, le cerclage péri-rotulien dans 12%, une patellectomie partielle dans 2 cas (8%) et une plastie du quadriceps en VY était préconisée dans 4 cas (16%). Les patients étaient revus après un recul moyen de 10 mois (8mois-24mois). Les issues fonctionnelles analysées selon le score de Bostman étaient excellentes dans 4 cas (16%), bonnes dans 18 cas (72%) et mauvaises dans 3 cas (12%). CONCLUSION: la pseudarthrose de la patella est surtout le fait de l'absence du traitement ou d'un traitement mal conduit. Le traitement par l'embrochage-haubanage semble la méthode la plus indiquée.

6.
Mali Med ; 35(4): 51-53, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978743

RESUMO

Cyst scar post circumcision of the stump of the prepuce is pathology of which we have not found any cases in the literature. The circumcision traditional is still practiced in our regions with its attendant complications, in particular, the high section, the whole or part of the gland, infections. The case we report concerns a patient 24 years of age, having a large cyst of 8cm diameter, evolving for the past 17 years. The patient has not informed his parents that when the desire to marry has become very pressing. The consultation was motivated by the psychological trauma, the discomfort and the pain caused by the infection, and the fistulisation. The treatment was surgical with bedroom suites. This observation underscores the importance of the knowledge of good surgical technique in order to minimize complications; it also sheds light on the taboo side of the pathologies the sphere uro-genitale.


Le kyste cicatriciel post circoncision du moignon du prépuce est une pathologie dont nous n'avons pas trouvé de cas dans la littérature. La circoncision traditionnelle est toujours pratiquée dans nos régions, avec son cortège de complications, notamment l'hémorragie, la section partielle ou totale du gland, les infections. Le kyste cicatriciel post circoncision traditionnelle que nous rapportons concerne un patient de 24 ans présentant un volumineux kyste de 08cm de diamètre, évoluant depuis 17ans. Le patient n'a informé ses parents que lorsque le désir de se marier est devenu très pressant. La consultation fut motivée par le traumatisme psychologique, la gêne et la douleur provoquée par l'infection et la fistulisation. Le traitement a été chirurgical avec des suites simples. Cette observation souligne l'importance de la maitrise de la bonne technique opératoire afin de minimiser les complications de la circoncision traditionnelle, elle met aussi la lumière sur le côté tabou des pathologies touchant la sphère uro-génitale.

7.
Mali Med ; 35(1): 6-10, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978762

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of the operating site infection, precise the etiologies and identify the risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This was a prospective study conducted at the department of orthopedics and traumatology at the hospital of Sikasso. The study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2018. The infection criteria were those of CDC from Atlanta. RESULT: This study was conducted on 140 patients including 105 men and 35 women with an average age of 40, 1 years old (3 and 88 years old). We have made 150 interventions including 131 osteosynthesis, 14 arthroplasties and 5 corrective osteotomies. The global incidence of the operating site infection was of 19, 3% with a 13, 4% incidence in surgery class I, 21, 4% in the class II, 26, 5% in the class III and 50% in the class IV. . It was superficial in 18 cases (62, 1%) and deep in 11 cases (37, 9%). The average post-surgery hospitalization duration was 13 days (5 and 70 days in extreme cases). The isolated germs were Staphylococcus aureus in 6 cases (37,5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 3 cases (18,7 %), Enterobacter cloacae in 3 cases (18,7%), Escherichia Coli in 2 cases (12,5 %,), Klebsiellapneumoniae in 1 case (6,3%) and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case (6,3%). They were 100% sensible to imipramine. 90% of the cases were resisting to ampicillin and penicillin G. CONCLUSION: The incidence of the ISO in our department was high. The risk factors of Operating Sites Infections were: hospitalization duration beyond 2 days, ASA Score over 2 days long, the surgical intervention class and the operation duration higher than 3 hours.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de cette étude était de déterminer l'incidence de l'infection du site opératoire, de préciser les étiologies et d'identifier les facteurs de risque. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective réalisée dans le service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique de l'hôpital de Sikasso. L'étude s'est déroulée de Janvier 2016 à décembre 2018. Les critères d'infection ont été ceux du CDC d'Atlanta. RÉSULTATS: Cette étude concernait 140 patients dont 105 hommes et 35 femmes d'âge moyen de 40,1 ans (extrêmes : 3 et 88 ans). Nous avions réalisé 150 interventions dont 131 ostéosynthèses, 14 arthroplasties et 5 ostéotomies de correction. L'incidence globale de l'infection du site opératoire était de 19,3% avec une incidence 13,4% dans la classe de chirurgie I, 21,4% dans la classe II, 26,5% dans la classe III et 50% dans la classe IV. Elle était superficielle dans 18 cas (62,1%) et profonde dans 11 cas (37,9%). La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation post-opératoire était de 13 jours (extrêmes 5 et 70 jours). Les germes isolés étaient le Staphylococcus aureus 6 cas (37,5 %) le Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 cas (18,7 %), l'Enterobacter cloaca e3 cas (18,7%),l' Escherichia Coli2 cas(12,5 %,), le Klebsiella pneumoniae 1cas (6,3%)et le Protéus mirabilis 1 cas (6,3%). Ils étaient sensibles à l'imipenem dans 100 %. Ils étaient résistants à l'ampicilline, à l'amoxicilline et pénicilline G dans 90% des cas. CONCLUSION: L'incidence des ISO dansnotre service était élevée. Les facteurs de risques des ISO que nous avions identifiés ont été la durée d'hospitalisation supérieure à deux jours, le Score ASA supérieur à 2, la classe de l'intervention chirurgicale et la durée opératoire supérieure à 3 heures.

8.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 111: 310-328, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29138022

RESUMO

Pregnant women and their unborn child are exposed to a large number of substances during pregnancy. Some of these substances may cross the placenta, resulting in exposure of the foetus. There is growing evidence that certain substances could interact to produce a mixture effect. It is therefore essential to identify the main mixtures mothers are exposed to. This study aimed to identify the major mixtures French pregnant women included in EDEN and ELFE cohorts were exposed to, on the basis of the 441 substances analysed in the second French total diet study. Exposure systems and the composition of substances were identified from co-exposures using sparse non-negative matrix under-approximation to generate the main mixtures. Individuals were clustered to define clusters with similar co-exposure profiles. Six clusters associated with eight mixtures were identified. For example in ELFE, cluster 2 comprising 10% of the population was characterised by mixtures "Pest-1" mainly contains pesticides and "TE-F-PAH″ contains trace elements, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Five other clusters were also described with their associated mixtures. Similar results were observed for EDEN. This study helps to prioritise mixtures for which it is crucial to investigate possible toxicological effects and to recommend epidemiological studies concerning health effects.


Assuntos
Dieta , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Ambientais/administração & dosagem , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Praguicidas , Oligoelementos , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Misturas Complexas , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Feminino , França , Furanos , Humanos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Gravidez
9.
Mali Med ; 33(3): 15-18, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35897194

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to determine the major causes of limb amputations to improve its treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a-18 month prospective study from March 2015 to September 2016 at the Hospital of Sikasso, a hospital of second reference in Mali. RESULTS: We carried out 50 major limb amputations including 25 men and 25 women aged 38.9 years old on average with extremes of 3 and 80 years old. The amputed limb was the upperlimb in 38 cases (76%) and the lowerlimb in 12 cases (24%). Housewives were the most represented with 18 cases (36%), followed by farmers with 15 cases (30%). The amputation was done immediately or in delayed emergency in 32 cases (54%). Trauma was the most frequent etiology with 13 cases (26%). The post-operative complications have been met in 47 cases. They have been dominated by stump pain and delayed healing in 23 cases (49%) each, suppuration in 10 cases (21%) and the stump necrosis in 3 cases (7%). The mortality rate was 8% (4 cases). We have made prosthetic apparatus for18 patients (36%). CONCLUSION: The limb amputation is frequent and youths were the most involved. Due the lack of financial support, 64% of our patients could not afford prosthesis.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de ce travail était de déterminer les causes des amputations majeures des membres afin d'améliorer leur prise en charge. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de 18 mois. Elle s'est déroulée de Mars 2015 à Septembre 2016à l'hôpital de Sikasso,un hôpital de deuxième référence du Mali. Elle a porté sur 50 patients (25 hommes et 25 femmes). RÉSULTATS: Nous avons réalisé 50 amputations majeures des membres chez 25 hommes et 25 femmes avec un âge moyen de 38,9 ans et des extrêmes de 3 ans et 80 ans. Dans 38 cas (76%) l'amputation avait concerné le membre inférieur et dans 12 cas (24%) le membre supérieur. Les ménagères étaient les plus représentées soit 18 cas (36%) suivies des agriculteurs dans15 cas (30%). L'amputation était réalisée en urgence ou urgence différée dans 32 cas (54%). L'étiologie traumatique était la plus fréquente soit13 cas (26%).Les complications post-opératoires ont été rencontrées dans 47 cas. Elles ont été dominées par la douleur du moignon dans 23 cas (49%), la suppuration dans 10 cas (21%), le retard de cicatrisation 11 cas (23%) et la nécrose du moignon dans 3 cas (7%). Le taux de mortalité était de 8% (4 cas). Nous avons confectionné des appareils prothétiques pour 18 patients soit 36%. CONCLUSION: L'amputation de membre a été fréquenteet a concerné le sujet jeune. Par manque de moyens financiers 64% de nos patients ne sont pas appareillés.

10.
Mali Med ; 33(4): 40-41, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35897241

RESUMO

Appendiceal duplication is the very rare malformation. It was first described by Picoli in 1892. It is a condition that is most often seen in the first years of life, sometimes some forms may remain asymptomatic and only occur in adulthood. We report the case of appendiceal duplication in a patient operated for chilled appendix breastplate at Gao Regional Hospital. CONCLUSION: appendiceal duplication is a rare abnormal abnormality of intraoperative discovery in general. Each surgeon must think about it during an appendectomy.


La duplication appendiculaire est une malformation très rare. Elle a été décrite pour la première fois par Picoli en 1892. C'est une affection qui se manifeste le plus souvent dans les premières années de vie, parfois certaines formes peuvent rester asymptomatiques et ne s'expriment qu'à l'âge adulte. Nous rapportons le cas de duplication appendiculaire chez une patiente opérée pour plastron appendiculaire refroidi à l'hôpital régional de Gao. CONCLUSION: la duplication appendiculaire est une anomalie malformative rare de découverte per opératoire en général. Chaque chirurgien doit y penser au cours d'une appendicectomie.

11.
Mali Med ; 32(3): 44-46, 2017.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30079694

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are embryopathies; they represent 8% of congenital malformations. There are several types: hiatal hernia, retro-costo-xiphoid hernia and posterior-lateral hernia called Bochdalek. Its incidence is estimated at 1/3200 live births, which represents 0.06% to 6% of cases of diaphragmatic hernias; it is predominant on the left in 85%. It may be in the neonatal period or late and the clinical signs are polymorphic. The purpose of this study is to recall the clinical and radiological aspects of this disease and discuss its treatment. RESULT: We report a case of a 3-year-old child with a history of recurrent broncho- pneumopathy since the age of one month admitted to the pediatric emergency department in an acute respiratory distress, radiography revealed a congenital diaphragmatic hernia operated. CONCLUSION: Bochdalek hernia of right seat is rare; it may be neonatal revelation or later revelation; its symptomatology is dominated by respiratory signs and imaging is indispensable in the diagnostic procedure. His treatment is surgical and the prognosis is generally good in the absence of major malformations associated.


INTRODUCTION: Les hernies diaphragmatiques congénitales sont des embryopathies; elles représentent 8% des malformations congénitales. Il en existe plusieurs types: la hernie hiatale, la hernie rétro-costo-xiphoïdienne et la hernie postéro-latérale dite de Bochdalek. Son incidence est estimée à 1/3200 naissances vivantes, ce qui représente 0,06% à 6% des cas de hernies diaphragmatiques; elle est prédominante à gauche dans 85%. Elle peut se révéler à la période néonatale ou tardivement et les signes cliniques sont polymorphes. Le but de la présente étude est de rappeler les aspects cliniques et radiologiques de cette pathologie et discuter son traitement. RÉSULTAT: Nous rapportons le cas d'un petit enfant de 3 ans, avec des antécédents de broncho-pneumopathies à répétition depuis l'âge d'un mois, admis au service des urgences pédiatriques dans un tableau de détresse respiratoire aiguë, chez qui l'exploration radiologique a révélé une hernie diaphragmatique congénitale prise en charge. CONCLUSION: La hernie de Bochdalek de siège droit est rare; elle peut être de révélation néonatale ou de révélation plus tardive; sa symptomatologie est dominée par les signes respiratoires et l'imagerie est indispensable dans la démarche diagnostique. Son traitement est chirurgical et le pronostic est en général bon en l'absence de malformations majeures associées.

12.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 98(Pt B): 179-188, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27984160

RESUMO

Through their diet, humans are exposed to a wide range of substances with possible adverse effects. Total diet studies (TDS) assess exposure and risk for many single substances or mixtures from the same chemical family. This research aims to identify from 440 substances in the second French TDS, the major mixtures to which the French population is exposed and their associated diet. Firstly, substances with a contamination value over the detection limit were selected. Secondly, consumption systems comprising major consumed foods were identified using non-negative matrix factorisation and combined with concentration levels to form the main mixture. Thirdly, individuals were clustered to identify "diet clusters" with similar consumption patterns and co-exposure profiles. Six main consumption systems and their associated mixtures were identified. For example, a mixture of ten pesticides, six trace elements and bisphenol A was identified. Exposure to this mixture is related to fruit and vegetables consumed by a diet cluster comprising 62% of women with a mean age of 51 years. Six other clusters are described with their associated diets and mixtures. Cluster co-exposures were compared to the whole population. This work helps prioritise mixtures for which it is crucial to investigate possible toxicological effects.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Adulto , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Dieta Mediterrânea , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , França , Frutas/química , Humanos , Masculino , Metais/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Medição de Risco , Verduras
13.
Mali Med ; 21(4): 1-3, 2006.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19437836

RESUMO

We are reporting here a 12 month-prospective study on epidemiologic aspects of sore throat in the ENT department of the national hospital Gabriel Touré. We recorded 260 cases of sore throat with 23 loco-regional complications representing 1.8% of all pathologies in our department; the sex ratio was 2.6 in favour of women, and the age group most affected was 20-24 years (18.07%). Sore throat was most frequently diagnosed at the beginning and at the end of the rainy season respectively May and October. In 63 of the cases, local and regional complications were seen, and represented by peri-tonsils phlegm (54%), chronic tonsillitis (41.3%), retropharyngeal abscess (3.2%), and cervical adeno-phlegm (1.6%). Therapy with antibiotics should be of rule, and well justified surgical decisions should be made after informed consent of the patient. Sore throat with its complications should really benefit of better attention and better management.


Assuntos
Faringite/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mali/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Otolaringologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos , Abscesso Peritonsilar/epidemiologia , Faringite/microbiologia , Faringite/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Abscesso Retrofaríngeo/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Tonsilite/epidemiologia
14.
Int J Food Sci Nutr ; 52(3): 213-8, 2001 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11400469

RESUMO

In free living conditions, 24 breastfed infants, aged 6 to 10 months, were given successively five experimental gruels to study the effect of energy density (ED) and sweetness (sweet taste) on energy intakes (EI). Four gruels (G0, G1, G9 and G20) were prepared with experimental flours which were composed of the same local ingredients and which contained different levels of sucrose. The fifth gruel (GC) was prepared with an industrial flour. G0 had an average ED of 45 kcal/100 g (189 kJ/100 g) and the other gruels an average ED of 110 kcal/100 g (461 kJ/100 g). Although the sugar contents of the flours were 1% for G1, 9% for G0 and G9 and 20% for G20, because of flour composition and gruel dry matter content, the gruel G1 had the same sweetness as G0, G20 the same sweetness as GC and G9 a sweetness between that of G1 and G20. The results show that the amounts of G0 consumed were significantly higher than those of high ED gruels (7.84 for G0 vs 6.12, 5.63, 4.46, 4.72 g/kg body weight/meal, respectively for G20, G9, G1 and GC, P < 0.05). However, EI from high ED gruels were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those from G0 (6.65, 6.10, 4.86, 4.83 kcal/kg/meal, respectively for G20, G9, G1 and GC vs 3.46 for G0). Energy intakes from G9 and G20 gruels were not significantly different but were significantly higher than those from GC and G1 (P < 0.001). So, consumption of sweet gruels with high ED and composed of local ingredients increased, at least by 76%, the EI from gruels in comparison with those from low ED gruels, but the amounts consumed by the infants remained too low to cover more than 15% of their daily total energy needs.


Assuntos
Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Alimentos Infantis , Paladar , Análise de Variância , Burkina Faso , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/prevenção & controle
15.
J Hum Virol ; 3(3): 157-64, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10881996

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have been able to track the genetic diversity of HIV-1 viruses in human populations over time. We analyzed the molecular evolution of subtype A over a 10-year period, in a cohort of female sex workers with a known time of infection. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: We amplified and sequenced the C2-V3 region of the surface envelope glycoprotein from 73 HIV-1-infected women, infected between 1987-1997. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were infected by subtype A viruses. The viruses demonstrated significant diversification (p < 0.001) with mean genetic distance increasing from 8.6% in 1989 to 15.9% in 1997. The slope of the fitted curve suggested a rate of diversification of 0.7% per year. The majority of subtype A viruses clustered with HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant form (IbNG). CONCLUSION: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtype A infections doubled over the first 10 years of this high risk population's epidemic, suggesting that implementation of vaccines early in the epidemic may have a higher likelihood of success based on levels of genetic diversity. The A/G recombinant form (IbNG) has taken epidemic proportions in West Africa. This is of particular importance in understanding the epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in Africa and to further dissect the potential phenotypic and biological characteristics of these viruses.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Viral/análise , Evolução Molecular , Feminino , Produtos do Gene gag/genética , Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/química , HIV-1/classificação , Humanos , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Senegal/epidemiologia , Trabalho Sexual , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética
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