RESUMO
Aging of a living organism is closely related to systemic metabolic changes. But due to the multilevel and network nature of metabolic pathways, it is difficult to understand these connections. Today, this problem is solved using one of the main approaches of metabolomics - untargeted metabolome profiling. The purpose of this publication is to systematize the results of metabolomic studies based on such profiling, both in animal models and in humans.
Assuntos
Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Animais , Humanos , Metabolômica/métodos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , EnvelhecimentoRESUMO
Metabolomics is one of the omics sciences, the technologies of which are widely used today in many life sciences. Its application influenced the discovery of new biomarkers of diseases, the description of biochemical processes occurring in many organisms, laid the basis for a new generation of clinical laboratory diagnostics. The purpose of this review is to show how metabolomics is represented in the studies of Russian scientists, to demonstrate the main directions and achievements of the Russian science in this field. The review also highlights the history of metabolomics, existing problems and the place of Russian metabolomics in their solution.
Assuntos
Metabolômica , Biomarcadores , Federação RussaRESUMO
In the frame of the work, data on the implementation of metabolomics tests in medicine have been systematized. Based on the obtained data, a set of protocols was proposed, the sequential realization of which makes it possible to conduct a blood metabolome analysis for medical purposes. Using this analysis and the number of blood samples from healthy volunteers, a prototype of a healthy person's metabolomic image has been developed; it allows visually and digitally to assess the compliance of the human blood metabolome with the norm. At the same time, 99% of the metabolic processes reflected in the blood plasma are estimated. If abnormalities are detected, the metabolomic image allows to get the value of these deviations of metabolic processes in digital terms.
Assuntos
Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , PlasmaRESUMO
The proteome profile of Danio rerio embryos grown in the medium containing doxorubicin, included in the phospholipid transport nanosystem (doxolip) has been investigated using combination of 1D-electrophoresis with subsequent MALDI-TOF-PMF mass spectrometry. Cultivation of growing of D. rerio embryos in the medium with doxolip caused a substantial increase in expression of the cytoskeletal proteins, a decrease in the number of nuclear proteins involved in DNA and RNA synthesis and disappearance of vitellogenin 2 in comparison with control (the cultivation medium containing the phospholipid transport nanosystem). Analysis of the proteomic profiles of doxolip-treated embryos suggests lower toxicity of doxorubicin incorporated in the phospholipid nanosystem.
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia , Animais , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/química , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Fosfolipídeos/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Vitelogeninas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/análiseRESUMO
A new method for the analysis of blood lipid based on direct mass spectrometry of lipophilic low molecular weight fraction of blood plasma has been considered. Such technique allows quantification of hundreds of various types of lipids and this changes existing concepts on diagnostics of lipid disorders and related diseases. The versatility and quickness of the method significantly simplify its wide use. This method is applicable for diagnostics of atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and other diseases. Detalization of plasma lipid composition at the molecular level by means of mass spectrometry allows to assess the effectiveness of therapy and to optimize the drug treatment of cardiovascular diseases by phospholipid preparations.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Lipídeos/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Metabolomics is a novel "omics" branch of science intended for studying a comprehensive set of low molecular weight substances (metabolites) of various biological objects. Metabolite profiles represent a molecular phenotype of biological systems and reflect information encoded at the genome level and realized at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Analysis of human blood metabolic profile is universal and promising tool for clinical applications because it is a sensitive measure of both endogenous and exogenous (environmental) factors affected on the patient's organism. Technical implementation of metabolic profiling of blood and statistic analysis of metabolite profiles for effective diagnostics and risk assessments of diseases are discussed in this review.
Assuntos
Genoma Humano , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Biomarcadores/sangue , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Fenótipo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Proteoma , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The article describes a new therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) method based on direct infusion of low-molecular fraction of blood into electrospray ionization source of mass spectrometer. This technique allows performing TDM of almost all drugs used in clinic. In article, the universality and high-throughput of the method, that significantly simplifies its wide application, have been shown. Moreover, the possibility of method application in most cases of drug therapy has been argued as a tool of control of drug doses, rationality of drug therapy, and the quality of the drugs themselves. In conclusion, the prospects for application of the method as primary means of improving the quality and personalization of drug therapy have been discussed.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/sangue , Medicina de Precisão , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The effects of phosphatidylcholine-based phospholipid nanoparticles containing fullerene C60 on Danio rerio fish embryos were studied. Exposure of the embryos with the nanoparticles for 48 h did not lead to appreciable changes in the number of protein bands in SDS-PAGE in comparison with the control (exposure in medium with phosphatidylcholine). Mass spectrometric identification of proteins showed differences in the proteomic profiles of the samples. The content of vitellogenins changed after exposure with phosphatidylcholine-based nanoparticles with C60 fullerenes. This could indicate low toxicity of the nanoparticles towards D. rerio embryos under experimental conditions.
Assuntos
Portadores de Fármacos/toxicidade , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Fulerenos/toxicidade , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Fosfatidilcolinas/toxicidade , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
We identified changes in the proteome of healthy human blood plasma caused by exposure to 105-day confinement in an isolation chamber. After removal of major proteins and concentration of minor proteins, plasma fractions were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by identification of significantly different protein spots by mass spectrometric analysis of the peptide fragments. The levels of α- and ß-chains of fibrinogen, a fragment of complement factor C4, apolipoproteins AI and E, plasminogen factor C1 complement, and immunoglobulin M changed in participants during the isolation period. These changes probably reflect the adaptive response to altered conditions of life.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Espaços Confinados , Plasma/química , Proteoma/análise , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adulto , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Apolipoproteínas E/sangue , Complemento C1/metabolismo , Complemento C4/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , ProteômicaRESUMO
The last decade has seen intense development of proteomic technologies have opened new perspectives for rapid large-scale screening of biological samples in order to find biomarkers of various diseases or conditions. However, in order to adequately evaluate the possibility of using protein as a biomarker, it is necessary to know how much its concentration varies widely in healthy people. This project aims to explore the limits of the concentration of protein components of plasma in healthy people.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
For analysis of inter-individual variability in low-molecular serum subproteome proteome profiles of healthy men at the age of 20-30 years (36 subjects), 30-40 years (11 subjects) and 40-50 years (11 subjects) were obtained. Serum samples were fractionated on magnetic beads MB WCX using ClinProt robot prior to mass-spectrometry based profiling. Mass-spectra were obtained with time-of-flight mass-spectrometer Autoflex III ("Bruker Daltonics") in automatic mode. It was shown that low-molecular serum subproteome of healthy humans was characterized by significant inter-individual variability. 21% of all peaks in proteome profiles had coefficient of variation more than 50% and 29% of all peaks had low dispersion (CV < 30%).Therefore majority of peaks in proteome profile were peaks with moderate inter-individual variability (CV from 30% to 50%). Fragments of high-molecular kininogen, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, complement components C3 and C4a, apolipoprotein CI, platelet factor IV, beta2-microglobulin and cystatin C showed wide variation among examined groups of healthy men. Dispersion of high-molecular kininogen, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, apolipoproteins AII and CIII peaks increased with age.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Proteoma/análise , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peso Molecular , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Peptide mass-fingerprint is widely used for protein identification while studying proteome with the use of 1D or 2D electrophoresis. Peptide mass tolerance indicates the fit of theoretical peptide mass with the experimental measurements, and choice of this parameter sufficiently influences the protein identification. The role of peptide mass tolerance was estimated by counting the number of identified proteins for the reference set of mass-spectra. The reference set of 400 Ultraflex (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) mass-spectra was obtained for the slices of 1D gel of liver microsomes. Using Mascot server for protein identification, the peptide mass tolerance value was varied in the range from 0.02 to 0.40 Da with a step 0.01 Da. Depending on the tolerance the number of identified protein changes up to 10 times. Maximal number of identified proteins was reported for the tolerance value of 0.15 Da (120 ppm), which is 1.5 - 2 times higher than the recommended values for such type of mass-spectrometers. The software program PMFScan was developed to obtain the dependence of number of identified proteins of the tolerance values.
Assuntos
Mapeamento de Peptídeos , Peptídeos/química , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Peso Molecular , SoftwareRESUMO
In the present study, a proteomic technology combining one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1DE) with subsequent mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-PMF) has been successfully applied for revelation of changes in the protein profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio) 52 hpf embryos. Prior to 1DE separation of zebrafish embryonic proteins, the procedure for obtaining embryos homogenate was optimized by ultrasonic treatment. A total of 84 proteins, including 15 vitellogenins, were identified. It was shown that growing ofzebrafish embryos in the medium with doxorubicin (DOX) stimulated Caspase-3 induction and promoted the disappearance of cardiac troponins, both these findings being consistent with literature data on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The 1DE-based proteomic mapping approach proposed herein enabled not only to identify proteins but also to register those changes in embryos' proteomic profile that were caused by doxorubicin.
Assuntos
Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia , Animais , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteômica/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
Purpose of the investigation was to determine changes in blood plasma proteome in healthy human subjects (n = 14, 19 to 26 y.o.) in an experiment with dry immersion (DI). Plasma samples were drawn 7 and 2 days before the exposure, on DI days 2, 3 and 5, and on days 1, 3, 7 and 15 after the experiment. Previous to direct MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometric profiling, serum samples were pre-fractionated and enriched with magnetic particles MB WCX (WCX--a weak cation exchanger) on ClinProt (Bruker Daltonics). In each spectrum, 175 MS-peaks were detected on average within the mass range from 1000 to 17,000 Da with the signal/noise ratio = 5. Student's criterion (p < 0.05) was used to define reliable differences between DI and baseline samples from 48 peaks (27.4 % of all the proteome profile peaks). On DI days 2 and 3, growth of peak areas was observed in fragments of complement system proteins C3 and C4, high-molecular kininogen and fibrinogen that can be attributed to organism adaptation to conditions of the experiment. Significant increases of the peak area of apolipoprotein CI (reduced form with segregated threonine and proline) and C4 enzymes of the complement system, and fibrinogen on the first day after the experiment can be related to changes in motor activities of the subjects.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Imersão , Proteoma/análise , Adulto , Medicina Aeroespacial , Apolipoproteínas/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Complemento C3/análise , Complemento C4/análise , Fibrinogênio/análise , Humanos , Cininogênios/análise , Masculino , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Ausência de PesoRESUMO
The dynamics of changes in serum proteome was studied under conditions of experimental 9-day seclusion in a pressure chamber at 5 m H(2)O pressure with modified gaseous environment. The proteomic profile for the molecular weight range of 1000-17,000 Da changed by 75%. Increased content of acute phase proteins (complement components, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, and high-molecular-weight kininogen) was observed on day 1 of the experiment before the exposure. On day 9 of exposure, the peaks of AII, CI, and CII apolipoproteins decreased and angiotensin II peak increased.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Argônio/farmacologia , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Pressão , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/análise , Adulto , Angiotensina II/sangue , Apolipoproteínas/sangue , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , ProteômicaRESUMO
Variability analysis of normal human proteoma requires a valid and crisp algorithm for mass-spectrometry data analysis. The goal was to test methods of statistical analysis of blood serum proteoma profiles in an experiment with 24-hr. HDT using the small sample nonparametric criteria. The investigation revealed peaks that appear to be a molecular response of organism to simulated microgravity. Further identification of fiducially mobile peaks with the help of tandem mass-spectrometry will enable disclosure of subtle mechanisms of adaptation to the spaceflight factors and improvement of human health evaluation in space missions of varying length.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Decúbito Inclinado com Rebaixamento da Cabeça/fisiologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Proteoma/fisiologia , Soro/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adulto , Seguimentos , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In anaesthetised dogs with open chest (n = 10), against the background of the Gd3+ (a blocking agent of mechano-sensitive ion channels), acetylcholine perfusion induced no significant changes either in probability of atrial fibrillation occurrence or in the paroxysm duration. The Gd3+ did not alter the deceleration of the sinus rhythm either. Therefore the mechanism of spontaneous occurrence of atrial cholinergic fibrillation seems not to be associated with the trigger activity induced by an increased blood pressure in the right atrium.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/psicologia , Função do Átrio Direito/fisiologia , Nó Sinoatrial/fisiologia , Acetilcolina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Função do Átrio Direito/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Gadolínio/administração & dosagem , Canais Iônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Canais Iônicos/fisiologia , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently occurred under conditions associated with atrial dilatation (stretch) or vagal hyperactivity. To study possible role of atrial stretch in spontaneous initiation of vagal AF we compared changes of right atrial pressure (RAP) and activation patterns during AF beginning. In anesthetized open-chest dogs (n=45) AF was induced by stimulation of vagal nerves (VS) (30-60 Hz, 5-10 s train). VS resulted in sinus node arrest (4.7+/-0.7 sec) with subsequent AF initiation in 153 of 229 cases. In 41% of cases of AF initiation the first atrial wave (A(1)) was closely related to ventricular activation (V) with V-A(1) interval of 94+/-5 ms (<