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1.
Front Neurol ; 11: 573718, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33324324

RESUMO

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19. Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders. Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders. Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(3): 1033-1045, Jul.-Sep. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897601

RESUMO

Resumen: El conocimiento de los hábitos alimenticios de las especies permite evaluar su estatus en la comunidad, así como el papel funcional de un animal en su ecosistema; es decir la relación de el con todos los recursos disponibles. Se realizaron 8 muestreos bimensuales entre mayo 2014 y noviembre 2015. Para el análisis del contenido estomacal se utilizó el método numérico (% N), volumen (% V ) y frecuencia de ocurrencia (% FO), índice de importancia alimentaria (I.A), coeficiente de vacuidad (C.V), amplitud de nicho trófico (H´) y factor condición (K). En el análisis reproductivo se calculó la proporción sexual, la relación gonadosomática (RGS), fecundidad, talla mínima y media de madurez sexual y diámetro de ovocitos. Adicionalmente se midieron variables fisicoquímicas. El río Gaira es meándrico irregular, presenta aguas claras, con altas velocidades de corriente oligotróficas con tendencia a la eutrofización. Valores de oxígeno disuelto son altos (5.4 mg/L) y conductividad eléctrica de 68.63 µS/cm, pH neutro. Se analizaron 477 ejemplares, el coeficiente de vacuidad: 1.59 %, la especie presenta hábitos alimenticios eurifágicos (H'= 0.69), con hábitos alimenticios de omnívora con tendencia insectívora, su dieta consistió principalmente de larvas de Tricoptera donde Atanatolica sp.; seguido de Gastropoda con Pomacea sp. al igual que larvas de Diptera, siendo Simulium sp. el que más aportó en la dieta. Existen diferencias significativas entre tallas con respecto a los ítems consumidos, entre los períodos climáticos en volumen y frecuencia de ocurrencia de los ítems. El factor de condición indica que la especie estuvo bien alimentada. Se determinó el sexo de 424 ejemplares donde 241 fueron machos y 183 hembras con una proporción sexual global 1:1.3 (hembra-macho) y existieron diferencias significativas (Chi


Abstract: The study of feeding habits in fishes can give important information about their role in the fish community, their functional role in the ecosystem, and their relationships with all available resources. We studied H. sierraensis from Gaira River and performed eight bi-monthly samples between May 2014 and November 2015. We analyzed fish stomach contents by the numerical (% N), volume (% V) and frequency of occurrence (% FO) methods; we also calculated the index of food importance (IA), coefficient of emptiness (CV), trophic niche breadth (used H') and condition factor (K). Additionally, we determined the sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (RGS), fecundity, minimum and average size at sexual maturity, and oocyte diameter by standard methods. The Gaira River has irregular meanders with clear waters, and high current velocity through its drainage; it is generally oligotrophic, with a tendency to eutrophic condition in some places. Observed dissolved oxygen values were high (5.4 mg/L), electrical conductivity was 68.63 µS/cm, and pH was found neutral. We analyzed stomach contents of 477 specimens, and found a 1.59 % coefficient of vacuity. The species was found euryphagic in its feeding habits (H'= 0.69), omnivorous tending to insectivorous; its diet consisted mainly of Trichoptera larvae (Atanatolica sp.), followed in importance by snails (Gastropoda Pomacea sp.) and dipteran larvae such as Simulium sp. Significant differences in both frequency of occurrence and the volume consumed were observed for the different size classes, as well as between different seasons of the year. The condition factor indicated that the species was well fed. Sex was determined for 424 fish, of which 241 were male and 183 female, given a ratio of 1.3: 1 (male-female) which resulted significantly different (Chi 2: 16.14; p= 0.02). The gonadosomatic index indicated that reproduction occurs during the high water river phase, fecundity was high, and oocyte diameter was relatively small. Males reached sexual maturity at an average size of 67.08 mm SL, and females at 70.68 mm SL. Their life history strategy is seasonal r. Management and conservation plans for this species are required due to human intervention in their habitat, originated by the growing tourist activity in the area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1033-1045. Epub 2017 September 01.

3.
Rev. venez. urol ; 50(2): 75-80, jul.-dic. 2004. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-431605

RESUMO

El objetivo, establecer si la medición de la distancia verumontanun cuello (DVC) se relaciona con el tamaño prostático y con el volumen prostático como predictor de tamaño prostático. Se efectuó la revisión de 350 uretrocistoscopias de pacientes masculinos en el Hospital Vargas de Caracas. Para la conversión de cm a cm³en el tacto digital rectal y DVC se empleó la medida de que cada 1 cm próstata medido equivale a 10 cm³ de tejido prostático. En el análisis estadístico se aplicaron medidas de tendencia central usándose la correlación de Rangos de Spearman (r) para volumen prostático en cm³ DVC en cms, y el tacto rectal prostático en cm. En los 350 pacientes la media de la edad fue de 29,98 + 14,66 años, del DVC en 3,53 + 1,17 cm y del tacto rectal en 3,83 + 1,19 cm. De los 30 pacientes con ecografía endorrectal, la media de la edad 65 + 14,093 años, DVC 3,98 + 1,29 cm y del volumen prostático 46,63 + 12,27 cm³. Al dividir los resultados en < de 40 cm³ por ecografía y > 40 cm³ encontramos, en < de 40 cm³ una media de volumen prostático en de 35,75 cm³ y un DVC de 2,83 + 0,49 cm, al realizar la correlación volumen vs DVC r= 0.82561, r2= 0.681627, p= 0,00094. En próstatas con volumen > 40 cm³ la media del volumen 53,88 + 10,35 cm³, del DVC 4,75 + 1,06 cm con una correlación volumen prostático vs DVC r= 0,85497, r2= 0,73097 p= 0,00001; la media del tacto digital rectal es 4,94 + 1,16 cm que al relacionarla con volumen prostático r= 0,841201, r2= 0,707619, p= 0,000012. Se evidenció una correlación directa entre volumen prostático vs DVC en cm y volumen prostático y tacto digital rectal en cm, siendo esta correlación mayor en próstatas mayores de 40 cm³


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reto , Ultrassonografia , Próstata , Urologia , Venezuela
4.
Rev. venez. urol ; 50(1): 13-17, ene.-jun. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-431614

RESUMO

Comparar la eficacia de la tomografía axial computada (TAC) y la helicoidal (TH) en el estadiaje preoperatorio y determinación del tamaño tumoral en los pacientes con cáncer renal comparada con los resultados de anatomía patológica de los especimenes quirúrgicos. Se incluyeron en el estudio 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer renal quienes fueron divididos en 2 grupos de 15 pacientes cada uno. Se determinó, la sensibilidad y la especificidad de ambos métodos diagnósticos tomando los siguientes parámetros: Capacidad de los estudios de establecer correctamente el T, el N y el tamaño tumoral, comparando ambos métodos entre si. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron el test de Wilconson, la X² corregida de Yates y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se tomó para todas las pruebas un nivel de significancia de 95 por ciento (P<0.05). La TAC tuvo un 40 por ciento (n=6) de certeza para determinar correctamente el tamaño tumoral mientras que la TH determinó con certeza un 60 por ciento (n=9) de los casos. Con respecto a la estadiación preoperatoria la sensibilidad fue de 60 y 72,22 por ciento y la especificidad de 88,88 y 92,68 por ciento para la TAC y la TH respectivamente. La TH determinó con una eficacia del 100 por ciento todos los pacientes con T1 lo que la hizo más eficaz que la TAC para establecer los pacientes susceptibles de realizarseles una nefrectomía parcial. El sexo, el riñón afectado, el Furhman, el patrón histológico, el patrón arquitectural, no influyeron en la determinación de los parámetros objeto de este estudio. La tomografía helicoidal es actualmente el Standard de oro para el diagnóstico y estadiación de los pacientes con cáncer renal, en nuestro estudio, evidenciamos que era más sensible y específica en varios aspectos, más sin embargo no logramos determinar diferencias estdísticamente significativas entre los 2 métodos, debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Tomografia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Urologia , Venezuela
6.
Arch Esp Urol ; 57(1): 93-9, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15112880

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The present study reports the clinical and histological features of 14 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma coupled with their expression of the TGF isoforms beta2 and beta3, as well as their receptor endogline (CD105). METHODS: Fourteen (14) cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the prostate were examined. Relevant clinical data were gathered From the histological point of view, the tumor's grade and the evidence of perineural, vascular and/or lymphatic invasion were the key elements taken into account. Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to assess the expression of TGFbeta-2, TGFbeta-3 and CD105 in tumoral tissue samples. RESULTS: Patient's age ranged between 57 and 74 years. Thirteen (13) had prostatic specific antigen (PSA) values above the 4 ng/dL threshold Eleven (11) ADCs were moderately differentiated. The predominant grade in relation to the nucleus was II/III (7 cases). In two (2) of the 14 cases, no grading classification was applicable as the tumors exhibited changes related to the effect of hormonal therapy. In eleven cases, expression of TGFbeta-2 was detected in the cytoplasm of tumoral cells. Two cases also showed focal expression of TGFbeta-3, as well as in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia areas of a third case. The areas with the highest intensity of expression were those occupied by basal cells and regions of glandular atrophy. These were also the areas of CD105 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results allow us to conclude that the TGF-beta3 family of cytokines, particularly the isoforms beta-2 and beta-3, seem to play a key role in the initiation, progression and transformation of tumoral cells inprostatic ADC. Future studies should be directed to the full understanding of the impact that these factors exert on tumoral behaviour, with an emphasis on those steps susceptible to therapeutic manipulation.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Imunossupressores/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Humanos , Imunossupressores/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2 , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3
7.
Rev. venez. urol ; 49(1): 44-46, ene.-jun. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-412148

RESUMO

Se presenta un informe preliminar del análisis de la nocturia en hombres con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior, predominantemente de vaciamiento y cuya queja principal era nocturia. Se incluyeron 36 pacientes y se agruparon en Polinuria Nocturna (A) 11,1 por ciento en Baja Capacidad Vesical (B) un 19,4 por ciento y Mixta (C) un 69,4 por ciento de acuerdo a la carta de volumen y frecuencia urinaria en 24 horas. No se demostraron relaciones significativas (p<0,05) enttre los grupos y cantidad diaria de líquido ingerido, patrones de sueño nocturno, frecuenca de noturia, calidad de vida ni con los parámetros de volumen. Sin embargo el volumen urinario nocturno y el volumen total en 24 horas presentaron correlación clínica con los grupos. Concluimos que la nocturia mostró evidencia de que puede deberse a problemas no urológicos o mixtos y estos deben considerarse para interpretarla y tratarla adecuadamente y comprobamos que la carta de volumen y frecuencia urinaria en 24 horas es útil para clasificar y analizar la nocturia en pacientes con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sistema Urinário , Urologia , Venezuela
8.
Arch Esp Urol ; 56(10): 1144-7, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14763421

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of a primary urothelial carcinoma of the bulbomembranous urethra, with special emphasis on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. METHODS/RESULTS: A 63-year-old man presented urethral obstruction symptoms. A radical phalectomy was performed and a 4.5 x 4 cm bulbomembranous urethral tumor was observed. Histopathological analysis disclosed an urothelial carcinoma, that showed positive immunostaining for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, carcinoembrionic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. The patient received radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently free of disease. CONCLUSION: Posterior male urothelial carcinoma of the urethra is a rare neoplasm that usually is mistaken clinically for a benign lesion. The diagnostic is generally made in advanced stages with a poor therapeutical response.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Neoplasias Uretrais/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Rev. venez. urol ; 48(1): 7-13, ene.-jun. 2002. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-357666

RESUMO

Investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre la biología y el desarrollo del carcinoma protático han constatado altos niveles de polipéptidos de TGF en el tejido prostático, así como las expresiones de las isoformas activas TGF-ß2, TGF-ß2 y Endoglina (CD105). Se revisaron 14 casos con diagnósticos de carcinoma prostático, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1992a marzo del2001. Se obtuvieron datos clínicos de interés. Histológicamente, se tomó en cuenta el grado de histológico tumoral, la presencia de invasión perineural y/o vascular linfática. Del material incluido en parafina se realizó estudio inmunohistoquímico para antiTGF ß2, antiTGF ß3 y CD105.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias da Próstata , Crescimento , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/imunologia , Próstata/patologia , Venezuela , Medicina
10.
Plant Dis ; 85(4): 357-361, 2001 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30831966

RESUMO

Inoculations of Septoria passiflorae for biological control of banana poka (Passiflora tripartita var. tripartita) at different forest sites in Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui resulted in successful establishment of the Septoria leaf spot disease at all sites during 1996. Semi-annual monitoring of sites in 1997 revealed low disease incidence and no disease spread to adjacent non-inoculated plants. Site inspections in March 1998 revealed light disease epidemics causing visible defoliation at inoculated sites on Kauai and Maui. Banana poka biomass reduction at sites with light epidemics of the disease in Kauai and Maui were estimated to be less than 10% in 1998, whereas in 1999 biomass reduction ranged from 50 to 95%. Five of 11 inoculation sites in 1996 on the island of Hawaii showed no disease. These five sites on Kaloko had frequent acid rainfall averaging 3.2 pH, which inhibited spore germination and infection. Six sites, free of acid rain, three at Hilo Forest Reserve and three at Puuwaawaa Wildlife Sanctuary, had severe disease epidemics by 1998, and vine defoliation was >90%. Widespread epidemics of the disease occurred in 1999, resulting in estimated 80 to 95% biomass reductions in more than 2,000 hectares of native forest infested with banana poka.

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