Features of the content of matrix metalloproteinases ММР-9 and ММР-2 in mixed saliva of young individuals with dental caries against the background of different level of 25(OH) vitamin D in the body.

The content ofММР-9 and ММР-2 in oral fluid of 105 individuals between the ages of 19 and 23 has been researched.Of these, 42 people are individuals with dental caries and normal level of the active form of vitamin Din serum (25(OH)D >30ng/mL) and 42 people - with 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL level.The control group was composed of 21 individuals with low DMFt index (1,5) and a normal level of 25(OH)D in blood. It has been established that the level of ММР-9 in mixed salivaincreases against the background of dental caries,while the content of ММР-9 and ММР-2 increasessignificantlyamidthe lack and deficiency of25(OH)Din the body. Inverse correlations between the 25(OH)D level in serum and the value ofmatrix metalloproteinasesin saliva have been revealed: noticeable - with the amount of MMP-9 and moderate- with the concentration of MMP-2.

[Clinical and some biochemical features of rhinosinusitis of different etiology]. / Klinicheskie i nekotorye biokhimicheskie osobennosti rinosinusitov razlichnoi étiologii.

Identified pathogens, and studied the features of the clinical picture, the level of antioxidant activity, the number of TBA-active products, cytokines, chaperones proteins and antibodies against them in the serum of patients with fungal, viral, bacterial rhinosinusitis (RS) were studied. Most RS of viral nature are caused by rhinoviruses, in turn, the causative agent of bacterial RS, most often acts as a polyflora (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In the group of fungal RS prevailed A. fumigatus. It is noted that a more severe clinical picture in patients bacterial RS; it was manifested by a prolonged course, more pronounced nasal congestion, smell impairment and frequent relapses of the disease. High levels of LPO and a decrease in serum antioxidant activity were established for all studied infectious RS with a maximum imbalance in the LPO-AOP system in fungal forms; shift of the cytokine profile towards pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-8, IL-6) was registered in bacterial and viral RS and towards the values of anti-inflammatory IL-4 - in fungal RS. The increased amount of chaperone proteins was seen in bacterial RS; high concentration of antibodies against them was noted in fungal and viral RS.

Impact of Fitness Status on the Optically Measured Hemodynamic Indexes.

The physiological characteristics of skin blood flow can be described in terms of the hemodynamic indices (HI). The HI is derived from the laser speckle characteristics, which are governed by the cutaneous blood flow. A miniaturized dynamic light-scattering sensor was used to measure the speckle pattern from the finger root. Three groups of subjects from 15 to 25 years of age were tested. The first group included subjects who are actively engaged in sport activities; the second group included subjects with low level of physical activity; and the third group included healthy controls with moderate physical activity. The HI parameters were measured prior to and after the performance of a determined physical load. As a marker of cardiovascular fitness (CVF), we used the postload decay rate of HI. We found that the hemodynamic response to the physical load provides a statistically significant correlation with the postload heart rate decay. It was also found that postocclusion increase of the arterial HI is more prominent in the group with higher physical activity. These results indicate that hemodynamic indices can be used as an additional marker for cardiovascular fitness level.

[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of urinary microvesicles].

In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in urinary microvesicles. They contain disease-specific biomarkers and can be used for predicting and diagnosing various diseases of the urinary system without resorting to invasive procedures. This review presents data on domestic and international research investigating the importance and potential application of urinary microvesicles for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases of the urinary system.

Plasma α-defensins are elevated during exacerbation of atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: There is no currently no information regarding the role of α-defensins in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM: To investigate levels of plasma α-defensins at exacerbation and remission of AD, and to assess their association with clinical severity of AD. METHODS: Patients with AD during exacerbation were recruited from the Dermatology department at the Chita Medical Academy (Chita, Russian Federation). SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis), itch intensity, plasma concentrations of α-defensins, and serum total IgE, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured at study entry and after 4 months. RESULTS: In total, 82 patients with AD [35 (45.1%) female and 47 (54.9%) male patients, mean ± SD age 42.2 ± 11.5 years, range 15-40] and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Mean objective SCORAD score was 48.8 ± 19.4 and 16.1 ± 8.3 during AD during exacerbation and remission, respectively (P < 0.01). Plasma α-defensin levels in patients with AD (1.41 ± 0.32 µg/L) were significantly higher than in HCs (0.91 ± 0.34 µg/L) (P < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between plasma α-defensin levels with objective SCORAD (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), itch severity (r = 0.25, P < 0.05) and serum IgE levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.001) during AD exacerbation. Serum concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-4 and IL-8 were significantly higher and levels of IL-10 were lower at AD exacerbation in patients than in HCs, with a weak negative correlation between plasma α-defensin and serum IL-10 levels (r = -0.22; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: During AD exacerbation, plasma α-defensin levels are elevated, and are positively correlated with AD clinical severity, itch intensity and serum IgE levels.

Endothelial dysfunction in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia.

To investigate the consequences of the endothelium dysfunction caused by the experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: The experiment included the similar aged 42 white non-pedigree male rats with average weight of 150 grams. The rats were divided in two groups each of these having 21 species. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in experimental rats by intraperitoneal injection of 0,1 mmol homocysteine per 1 gr of weight once a day during 14 days. The equal intraperiotenal dose of the physiological solution was injected to the rats of the control group. The level of homocysteine was determined in the blood serum with high-yield liquid chromatography (HYLC), the content of IFNg, TNFa, IL-17A с was measured with the system of multiplex analysis FlowCytomix 5 plex (BMS826FF) combined with Simplex Kit (BMS8635FF) of appropriate analyts for «Bender Medsystems¼ rats (Austria). Coagulation indices were determined in the blood plasm of subclavian vein. TF expression of tissue factor was estimated with immune histochemical method. Results: Fivefold increase of endothelin level and decrease of nitrates and nitrites levels were found in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of tissue factor, shortening of activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times, increase of soluble fibrin monomeric complex level, significant increase of tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma levels were identified in endothelial cells of myocardial vessels. Conclusion: Thus, experimental hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) proved to be accompanied by expressed endothelium dysfunction which is marked by thrombogenic activity of blood as well as endothelium and cytokine level increasing.

Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokine Levels in Experimental Hyperhomocysteinemia.

Moderate exogenous hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increase in lymphocyte count (mainly at the expense of cytotoxic T cells), a 2-fold drop of the immunoregulatory index, and increase in TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17α concentrations in the serum and in mononuclear cells. Homocysteine concentration in the mononuclears remains unchanged.

[Enzymes of azurophilic neutrophil granules and matrix metalloproteinase-2 as markers of the developmental stages of experimental respiratory distress syndrome].

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome was reproduced in the non-linear male rats by the original method. The animals were injected lysate 45-55 thousand rat neutrophils in 0.2 mi 0.9% sodium chloride solution by puncture of the trachea (method patented RF). At each stage of syndrome development concentration of neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was determined by ELISA. The increase of the concentration of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in plasma and lavage fluid has been shown to be a marker of exudative stage. Proliferative phase is marked by high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 at a constant content of elastase and myeloperoxidase in both liquids. Reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 concentration in both biological fluids is accompanied by the development of fibrotic phase distress syndrome.

[Serum, oral and gingival fluid levels of heat shock protein-70, cytokines and their autoantibodies by periodontal disease].

The study of 25 patients with periodontitis showed that the level of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and IL-1Β, IL-8 was increased in serum, buccal and gingival fluids as compared with healthy individuals, as well as the serum level of IgG autoantibodies both to HSP70 and to cytokines. In oral and gingival fluids sIgA autoantibodies to the same antigens were found. It was suggested that these autoantibodies can eliminate HSP-70 pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus regulating their levels in the inflammation area.

Experimental reproduction of stages of the respiratory distress syndrome.

The authors present a method for experimental reproduction of stages of the acute respiratory distress syndrome development, including the initial stage - acute pulmonary injury. Concentrated neutrophil transmitters served as the factor triggering the development of the process. The adequacy of the model was confirmed by the clear-cut morphological stages of the process. The possibility of reproducing the syndrome by injection of concentrated neutrophil transmitters confirmed their leading role in impairment of the alveolar capillary membrane.

[Lung tissue factor expression changes in relation to the stage of respiratory distress syndrome in the presence of pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza].

Lung paraffin sections were studied in 35 patients who had died during the epidemic of A/H1N1 influenza, including 10, 16, and 9 persons diagnosed with exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respectively. Lung tissue factor (TF) expression was determined in the sections by immunohistochemistry. TF was found to express endothelium, neutrophils, macrophages, type II alveolocytes, and bronchial and metaplastic epithelia. In the exudative stage, the highest TF expression was observed by endothelial cells, the lowest was by macrophages and metaplastic epithelial cells. In the proliferative stage, TF expression was increased in the endothelium and macrophages and remained unchanged in other cells. In the fibrotic stage, TF expression in the macrophages remained at the same level as that in a previous phase, reduced in the endothelium, and remained unchanged in other cells.

[Content of antibodies to heat shock proteins in uncomplicated and complicated course of acute appendicitis].

The article presents information on the content and dynamics of changes in heat shock protein (HSP-70) in plasma and serum of patients with acute appendicitis before and after treatment. It was shown that higher content was noted in the group of patients with a complicated course. The use of traditional methods resulted in the decreased level of HSP-70 but in the group of patients with a complicated course the concentrations of shaperons remains elevated.

[The use of Timalin in the treatment of the acute lung abscess].

The study was aimed to research levels of main acute inflammation phase peptides, coagulative and fibrinolitic plasma activity on the background of traditional treatment and with addition of Timalin in patients with acute lung abscess. The study demonstrated that induction of bioregulative therapy leads to faster normalization of main indicators of SIRS and plasma fibrinolitic activity and eliminates hypercoagulation.

[The levels of neuron specific enolase and autoantibodies to it in lacrimal and intraocular fluids in patients with open-angle glaucoma (preliminary report)].

The concentration of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and autoantibodies (aAB) to it were studied in lacrimal and intraocular fluids in 9 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and 17 patients without this condition using ELISA. NSE concentration in lacrimalfluid of patients with OAG was showed to be 22 times as high and aAB 2 times as high as in control group.

[Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor type 2 in the lung in relation to the stage of experimental respiratory distress syndrome].

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was reproduced in rats by endotracheal administration of 45-55 thousand lysed rat neutrophils (RF patent). In each stage of the syndrome, immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor type 2 (MIMP-2) by lung cells. It was found that there was a substantial increment of MMP-2 expression in the fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelium, and fibroblasts in the exudative stage of ARDS. In its proliferative stage, the expression of MMP-2 remained high in the neutrophils and type II alveolocytes, by reducing in the macrophages, endothelium, and fibroblasts. In the fibrotic stage, it returned to the level of the control group only in the macrophages and type II alveolocytes, by remaining high in the other cells, as before. In progressive ARDS, the expression of TIMP-2 increased only in the neutrophils, endotheliocytes, and fibroblasts, remaining to be equal over all stages.

[The role of heat shock proteins in immune reactions in old-aged patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

Chronic generalized periodontitis in the old-aged patients is accompanied by high levels of the antibodies to HSP, sIgA, IgM, IgG hyperproduction; elevated concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1alpha and low content of IL-4 in saliva and blood. Local anti-inflammatory therapy of chronic periodontitis does not restore normal immunity status. Appearance of antibodies to HSP plays a role in immune reactions, which maintain chronic inflammation of periodontium.

[Some cytokines and cytokines autoantibodies content in the blood serum, oral and gingival fluid in odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses].

Cytokines level and cytokines antibodies in the blood serum, oral and gingival fluids was studied in 15 patients with odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses. Increased level of the inflammatory cytokines (IL1ß, IL6, IL8) and decreased level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL10) in oral and dentigingival fluids. Besides, increased content of autoantibodies of class sIgA to IL8 and decreased content of autoantibodies of class sIgA to IL10 was noted.

[The levels of endothelin, neuron-specific enolase, and their autoantibodies in the serum and tear fluid of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Enzyme immunoassay was used to measure the serum and tear fluid concentrations of endothelin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and their autoantibodies in 19 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NDR). The serum and tear fluid levels of endothelin were shown to increase in patients with NDR. At the same time, the content of endothelin-1 autoantibodies rose in the blood and remained in the normal range in the tear fluid. The concentration of NSE showed an 18-fold increase in the tear fluid and the content of its autoantibodies remained unchanged.

[The level of endothelin-1 in blood serum and nasal secretion of patients presenting with chronic rhinitis].

The level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in blood serum and nasal secretion was simultaneously determine by the relevant immunoenzyme assay in 23 of patients presenting with chronic rhinitis and in12 healthy subjects. It was shown that both vasomotor and chronic hypertrophic rhinitides are characterized by a similar (two-fold) rise in the serum ET-1 concentration. The six-fold increase of the ET-1 level in nasal secretion in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis compared with the respective normal parameter exceeds that in the vasomotor form of this pathology.

[The effect of polypeptides released by the thrombocytes during a liberation reaction on immunity and hemostasis]. / Vliianie polipeptidov, vydeliaemykh trombotsitami v protsesse reaktsii vysvobozhdeniia, na immunitet i gemostaz.

Low molecular peptides contained in the platelets manifested an anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic action, and affected the lymphocyte receptor expression. The polypeptides seem to take part in immune as well as hemostatic processes.