RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The GeparQuinto study showed that adding bevacizumab to 24 weeks of anthracycline-taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases pathological complete response (pCR) rates overall and specifically in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). No difference in pCR rate was observed for adding everolimus to paclitaxel in nonearly responding patients. Here, we present disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (n = 1948) with HER2-negative tumors of a median tumor size of 4 cm were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant treatment with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (EC-T) with or without eight infusions of bevacizumab every 3 weeks before surgery. Patients without clinical response to EC ± Bevacizumab were randomized to 12 weekly cycles paclitaxel with or without everolimus 5 mg/day. To detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (α = 0.05, ß = 0.8) 379 events had to be observed in the bevacizumab arms. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 3-year DFS was 80.8% and 3-year OS was 89.7%. Outcome was not different for patients receiving bevacizumab (HR 1.03; P = 0.784 for DFS and HR 0.974; P = 0.842 for OS) compared with patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Patients with TNBC similarly showed no improvement in DFS (HR = 0.99; P = 0.941) and OS (HR = 1.02; P = 0.891) when treated with bevacizumab. No other predefined subgroup (HR+/HER2-; locally advanced (cT4 or cN3) or not; cT1-3 or cT4; pCR or not) showed a significant benefit. No difference in DFS (HR 0.997; P = 0.987) and OS (HR 1.11; P = 0.658) was observed for nonearly responding patients receiving paclitaxel with or without everolimus overall as well as in subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results, in opposite to the results of pCR, do not support the neoadjuvant use of bevacizumab in addition to an anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy or everolimus in addition to paclitaxel for nonearly responding patients. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT 00567554, www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Quimioterapia Combinada , Everolimo , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors (ETAR and ETBR), referred to as the endothelin (ET) axis, are overexpressed in breast carcinomas and appear to influence tumour growth and progression. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of expression of the ET axis in breast carcinomas on response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The study included 44 patients with locally advanced breast cancer participating in a prospective phase III study evaluating high-dose neoadjuvant chemotherapy of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was determined by semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer tissue from prechemotherapy tru-cut biopsies. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for ET-1 in 61.5%, for ETAR in 35% and for ETBR in 35.9% of breast carcinomas. Pathological response to chemotherapy was significantly decreased in ETAR-positive patients (P=0.002). In total, 50% of ETAR-positive patients as compared to 7.7% of ETAR-negative patients attained pathologically 'no change'. Logistic regression confirmed ETAR as an independent predictive marker for pathological response (P=0.009). These data indicate that increased expression of ETAR in breast carcinomas is associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Determination of ETAR status may serve as a predictive marker for identifying patients less likely to be responsive to conventional chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Receptor de Endotelina A/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Endotelina-1/análise , Endotelina-1/biossíntese , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Receptor de Endotelina A/análise , Receptor de Endotelina B/análise , Receptor de Endotelina B/biossíntese , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The international consensus conference from St. Gallen concerning the treatment of early breast cancer concluded in 2003, that sentinel node biopsy was now accepted as method allowing axillary staging in breast cancer. This procedure may avoid complete lymph node dissection in appropriate cases. Since numerous questions associated with the technique are still not defined and the procedure itself is not yet standardized, the German Society of Senology defined the conditions for the routine clinical use of sentinel node biopsy in an interdisciplinary consensus meeting.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/normas , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/normas , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , RadiografiaAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Mastectomia Segmentar , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , TrastuzumabRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The German Adjuvant Breast Cancer Study Group (GABG) conducts trials of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer using a combination of doxorubicin and docetaxel (ADoc). - PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a parallel-grouped phase IIa-study with 42 patients with a conventionally dosed and a dose-dense ADoc-schedule (4 cycles of Doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2), Docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) i. v. day 1, q day 15 or 22; G-CSF day 3-15 only for the dose-dense schedule) and a randomized phase IIb-study (GEPARDO-Study) with 250 patients with ADoc +/- Tamoxifen. Biological factors were determined immunohistochemically on 197 core biopsies before treatment. A comparison to a sequential AC-Doc regimen including 913 patients has been completed recently. - RESULTS: ADoc can be applicated on schedule in 93 % of all patients. The dose-dense regimen shows a tendency to more toxicity but also to more efficacy. The rate of complete pathological remissions (pCR) was 9.7 %. No difference was found between chemo- and chemoendocrine treatment. Clinically negative lymphnodes and a negative estrogen receptor status is predictive for a higher pCR-rate. To date no differences in toxicity could be found between ADoc and AC-Doc. - CONCLUSIONS: The dose-dense ADoc regimen is well tolerated and highly effective as preoperative therapy of breast cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Taxoides , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ensaios Clínicos Fase II como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Fase III como Assunto , Docetaxel , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Análise de Sobrevida , Tamoxifeno/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of adding tamoxifen to a preoperative dose-dense doxorubicin and docetaxel regimen on the pathologic response of primary operable breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (tumor size > or = 3 cm, N0 to 2, M0) were prospectively randomized to receive every 14 days a total of four cycles of doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 and docetaxel 75 mg/m(2), either with (ADocT) or without (ADoc) simultaneous tamoxifen. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was routinely given on days 5 to 10. Surgery followed 8 to 10 weeks after the start of treatment. RESULTS: Within 14 months, 250 patients were included in the study at 56 centers. Of 992 planned cycles, 97.9% were administered. Pathologically complete remission (pCR) with no detectable viable tumor cells was achieved in 9.7%. There was a nonsignificant difference of -1.2% in favor of ADoc, with a 95% confidence interval of -8.6% to 6.2%. A further 2.4% had only noninvasive tumor residues, and 13.8% had focal invasive residues. Complete and partial responses detected by palpation were observed in 28.9% and 52.4%, respectively. The response rates (complete and partial) by best appropriate imaging methods were 77.5% and 67.5% for ADocT and ADoc, respectively. Breast conservation was possible in 68.8% of the patients. A tendency toward more frequent toxic events was observed with ADocT treatment. Significant predictors of pCR to chemotherapy were negative lymph node and negative estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSION: A dose-dense regimen of ADoc with G-CSF offers high compliance, moderate toxicity, and rapid efficacy as a form of preoperative chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. Concurrent treatment with tamoxifen for 8 weeks could not improve the pathologic response rate.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Taxoides , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Docetaxel , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/administração & dosagem , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Cooperação do Paciente , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Tamoxifeno/administração & dosagem , Tamoxifeno/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Seroma formation after axillary lymphadenectomy in women with breast cancer remains a problem despite many efforts to reduce surgery-related morbidity. In a prospective, randomised, open, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial we evaluated the effect of a fibrin-glue coated collagen patch (TachoComb H, Nycomed Pharma AS, Denmark) on volume and duration of postoperative axillary drainage, duration of hospital stay, and procedural safety. Sixty patients were included in the study. Patients did not differ with respect to general characteristics, such as age, body mass index, treatment modality, and tumor stage distribution. In 29 patients, a fibrin-glue coated collagen patch was applied from the apex axillae to the thoracic longus nerve and half a patch was applied to the lateral border of the axillary nerve-vessel bundle. Thirty-one patients were randomised to standard closure of the axillary lymphadenectomy area. The mean duration of axillary drainage was 3.8 +/- 1.9 days in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 3.9 +/- 1.8 days in the control group (p = NS). The mean total drainage volume was 338.5 +/- 251.8 ml in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 370.8 +/- 314.6 ml in the standard closure group (p = NS). The mean length of post-operative hospital stay was 9.1 +/- 2.7 days in the fibrin-glue treatment group and 9.3 +/- 3.6 days in the standard closure group (p = NS). Seven patients (25%) and eight patients (25%) were diagnosed with local inflammation in the fibrin-glue treatment group and the standard closure group, respectively (p = NS). Seroma formation after drain removal was found in 11 patients (39%) in the fibrin-glue treatment group and in 13 patients (42%) in the standard closure group (p = NS). In summary, we observed no statistically significant differences with respect to axillary drainage time, drainage volume, length of hospital stay, local inflammation, and seroma formation after drainage removal.
Assuntos
Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Adesivo Tecidual de Fibrina/uso terapêutico , Excisão de Linfonodo/efeitos adversos , Doenças Linfáticas/terapia , Axila , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Exsudatos e Transudatos , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Linfáticas/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the toxicity and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin and docetaxel in patients with primary operable breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with histologically confirmed primary breast cancer tumors of at least 2 cm in diameter received doxorubicin (50 mg/m(2) intravenously [IV] over 15 minutes) and docetaxel (75 mg/m(2) IV over 1 hour) every 14 (24 patients) or 21 (18 patients) days for four cycles. RESULTS: The median size of the primary tumor decreased significantly, from 4 cm (range, 2 to 10 cm) to 2 cm (range, 0 to 5 cm) on physical examination and from 3.4 cm (range, 1 to 8 cm) to 1. 8 cm (range, 0 to 4 cm) on sonography (P <.001). The overall response rate as assessed by physical examination was 93%, and complete remission of the primary tumor occurred in 33% of patients. The remission rate as assessed by sonographic measurement was 67%. Two patients (5%) had histologically confirmed complete responses. Sonography was more reliable than palpation in predicting histologically determined response. No grade 4 toxicity was noted, and grade 3 toxicity was reported with alopecia (95%), lethargy (17%), loss of appetite (10%), stomatitis (7%), leukopenia (5%), skin desquamation (5%), infection (5%), motor neuropathy (2%), and nausea (2%). The 3-week schedule was associated with less toxicity than the 2-week schedule. CONCLUSION: Preoperative combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and docetaxel is highly effective and feasible in primary operable breast cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Taxoides , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Docetaxel , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Preoperative chemotherapy represents the standard procedure in inflammatory breast cancer. However, only recently it could be demonstrated that preoperative chemotherapy is beneficial even for patients with operable primary breast cancer. The number of breast conserving surgeries could be increased significantly. Furthermore this in vivo chemosensitivity assay can provide important prognostic as well as predictivy informations. Preoperative chemotherapy is not associated with an increased risk for the patients as outcome is similar to patients with conventional adjuvant treatment. We investigated new regimens to improve this type of chemotherapy and reached a remission rate of 93% with a combination of adriamycin and docetaxel (ADoc). A randomized study (GEPARDO-study) comparing ADoc with ADoc + tamoxifen has recently been started in Germany by the German Adjuvant Breast Cancer Study Group (GABG).
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaio Tumoral de Célula-TroncoRESUMO
Total genomic DNA obtained from 24 ovarian carcinomas was examined for genomic imbalances by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). A varying number of gains and losses (1 up to 31) of specific chromosomal segments was detected per tumor. Chromosomal segments which were most often present in increased copy numbers were (in decreasing order): 1q21, 8q24, 8q23, 3q26, 12p12-p13, 20q, 7q31, and 7q33-qter. Loss of material was found most frequently at 16q12, 13q13-q14, Xq, 8p21-p22, 5q13-q14, and 5q21. All these chromosomal segments involved in gains and losses may carry gene loci playing a more or less causal role in the process of ovarian malignancies. Based on these findings CGH can be regarded as a valuable tool for rapid screening of genomic imbalances in human tumors.
RESUMO
From May 1, 1992, to April 30, 1993, we performed 307 ultrasonic guided high-speed punch biopsies. In 119 of the 307 women, we dispensed with further surgical and histological procedures when the tentative diagnosis from complementary mammary diagnostic procedures revealed no pathological findings and concurred with the histological results of the punch biopsy. In 188 women, the biopsy was followed by surgical intervention and correlation of the histological findings. This group of patients showed a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity and positive prognostic value of 100%, and a negative prognostic value of 91%. If we combine the results of the complementary mammary diagnostic (including the punch biopsy), then the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prognostic values for this surgically and histologically confirmed group of patients all reach 100%. In trained hands, the ultrasonic guided high-speed punch is a reliable means of determining the histological nature of lesions detected in ultrasonic scans. This technique has been perfected in our facility. Along with preoperative carcinoma detection, it permits us to avoid unnecessary operations when under defined conditions there are no pathological findings.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha/instrumentação , Doenças Mamárias/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ultrassonografia Mamária/instrumentação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Mama/patologia , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/terapia , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/mortalidade , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reoperação , Taxa de SobrevidaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/terapia , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/mortalidade , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The prognostic value of proliferative activity (percentage of S-phase cells = SPF) was determined in head and neck and nodal negative breast carcinomas and correlated with treatment outcome and analysis of recurrence. METHODS AND MATERIAL: SPF of 171 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and 183 nodal negative breast carcinomas was determined by one-dimensional flow cytometry. RESULTS: For the whole population of head and neck carcinomas slowly proliferating tumors (SPF < median) had a better five-year survival rate (28%) than fast proliferating tumors (S-phase > median; 20% p < 0.05). Failure analysis revealed that the better survival of slowly proliferating tumors was due to the higher loco-regional control rate (62%) compared to fast proliferating tumors (43%; p < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate analysis revealed treatment modality (p = 0.107), SPF (p = 0.026) and UICC stage (p = 0.044) as independent prognostic factors for loco-regional recurrences and SPF (p = 0.0143) for three-year overall survival. In nodal negative breast cancer slowly proliferating tumors (SPF < median) had a better NED survival (92%) compared to fast proliferating tumors (SPF > median; NED survival 63%). The analysis of recurrence revealed a higher rate of distant metastases (15.7%) and of loco-regional recurrences (21%) for fast proliferating tumors as compared to slowly proliferating tumors (distant metastases: 1.1%; loco-regional recurrences 4.5%). Stepwise multivariate analysis showed that SPF (p = 0.001) was the only independent prognostic factor for NED survival; grading (p = 0.022), age (p = 0.003) and SPF (p = 0.007) for freedom from distant metastases; SPF (p = 0.0039), grading (p = 0.0956) and method of surgical treatment (p = 0.0715) for loco-regional recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: SPF has a relevant prognostic power for squamous cell head and neck cancer and nodal negative breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Fase S , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Breast preservation has become an important option in the treatment of breast cancer patients. The selection of patients should be based upon history, actual clinical situation, mammographic and morphologic parameters. After careful evaluation of all those factors the surgical treatment and eventually an adjuvant postsurgical irradiation can be tailormade according to the associated individual risk-profile.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mastectomia Segmentar/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapiaAssuntos
Histeroscopia , Leiomioma/tratamento farmacológico , Pré-Medicação , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Histeroscópios , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirurgiaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mastectomia Segmentar/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The clinical staging system of cervical cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) entails a large measure of subjectivity. This study analyzed the results of 1028 patients with cervical cancer at three reference centers. All patients had radical surgery, and all surgical specimens were processed as histologic giant sections with precise volumetry of the tumor. RESULTS: The interpretation of the histologic findings of parametrial invasion, vascular involvement, and lymph node involvement was found to differ somewhat among the three centers. However, all these findings were associated with tumor size. Survival rates correlated more consistently with tumor volume than with clinical or histologic stage. Five-year survival rates ranged from 91% for patients with tumors smaller than 2.5 cm3 to 70% for those with tumors 10-50 cm3. The 5-year survival rate of 24 patients with tumors larger than 50 cm3 (71% of whom had lymph nodes with positive findings) was 48%. Survival rates were identical among the three centers for patients with tumors smaller than 10 cm3, despite different degrees of surgical radicality. In contrast, more radical surgery was associated with significantly better survival rates in patients with larger tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that volumetry of the tumor permits a more accurate assessment of therapeutic results in patients with cervical cancer than does the FIGO classification. Pretherapeutic assessment of tumor volume is possible with magnetic resonance imaging. It seems that maximum parametrial resection is not necessary for patients with smaller tumors (smaller than 10 cm3), but truly radical surgery in patients with bulky tumors achieves better results than those usually expected in Stage IIb cervical cancer and at least comparable to those of radiation therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
In a multicentre trial, 78 patients with a variety of malignancies, who had experienced insufficient control of emesis (greater than or equal to 3 episodes within 24 hours) while receiving standard antiemetics during previous chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to receive tropisetron 5mg once daily for 5 days or conventional antiemetic drugs. No attempt was made to standardise the conventional antiemetic treatment, which was given according to the usual practice of the participating institutions. Emesis was evaluated by counting emetic episodes and nausea by asking the patients to record on a diary chart the duration and severity of the nausea. Emesis was much better controlled with tropisetron than with standard drugs, complete control during the first 24 hours being achieved in 42% and 8% of patients, respectively, (p less than 0.001). Nausea was of significantly shorter duration (6.9 vs 10.3 hours; p less than 0.01) and was less severe (p less than 0.005) in the tropisetron group. The patients' overall assessment of treatment outcome was markedly better for tropisetron than for the standard antiemetic therapy. The superior efficacy of tropisetron was especially marked during the first 24 hours. For delayed nausea, no significant difference between treatments was seen. No serious adverse effects were observed.