Effect of napabucasin and doxorubicin via the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway in suppressing the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells.

PURPOSE: Napabucasin (NP) is a natural compound that can suppress cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle by inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. We examined the effects of NP on the proliferation and invasion of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was used in this study. NP was administered to groups at the doses of 0.3-1 µM. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis assessed the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 dependent Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. The MTT cell viability method was applied to determine the antagonistic-synergistic effects and inhibitory concentration (IC50) doses of doxorubicin (DX) and NP. RESULTS: It was determined that 0.3-1 µM doses of NP killed the cells almost completely after 48 hours, and also that Jak2/Stat3 expressions decreased dose-dependently via IL-6. At the protein level, NP and DX were found to reduce Jak2 and Stat3 levels. CONCLUSIONS: NP showed that it suppresses the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Due to its inhibitory effect on Jak2 and Stat3, it can be used to prevent invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. NP, which can inactivate Jak2/Stat3, can be used as a treatment agent by combining with DX in proliferation pathway in neuroblastoma.

Inhibitory effect of Curcumin on a cervical cancer cell line via the RAS/RAF signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer has a very important place in female infertility and ranks fourth among cancers affecting women. Curcumin (CUR) is closely associated with the expression and activity of various regulatory proteins. It is also known that curcumin has preventive and therapeutic effects on various types of cancer. In this study, the anticancer activities of curcumin were demonstrated in the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). METHODS: qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of curcumin in HeLa and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) (proliferation and apoptosis regulatory markers of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway). MTT analysis was performed, showing HeLa and HaCaT cell proliferation depending on the dose and duration of curcumin and doxorubicin. A wound scratch healing assay was applied to examine cell migration and invasion of HeLa after curcumin application. To determine the role of curcumin and doxorubicin in the apoptosis of HeLa cells, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 were examined by qRT-PCR. The results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: CUR (IC50: 242.8 µM) and DOX (IC50: 92.1 µM) were determined to have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce apoptosis over a 72-hour period and dose-dependently. Moreover, the results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAF and RAS in HeLa cells were downregulated by CUR and DOX. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that an alternative treatment method for cervical cancer can be developed with the application of CUR and DOX. Alternative methods for cervical cancer treatment may be developed using different methods in future studies.

Biochanin A restored the blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Blood-brain barrier is a protective layer that regulates the influx and efflux of biological materials for cerebral tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Biochanin A on cerebral histopathology and blood-brain barrier immunohistochemically. METHODS: A total of 24 rats were assigned to three groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A. Ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occluding the left carotid artery for 2/24 h. Notably, 20 mg/kg Biochanin A was administered to rats for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Blood was collected for malondialdehyde and total oxidant/antioxidant status analysis. Cerebral tissues were processed for histopathology and further for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde content with total oxidant status value was significantly increased and total antioxidant status values were significantly decreased in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared with the sham group. Biochanin A treatment significantly improved scores in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. The normal histological appearance was recorded in the cerebral sections of the sham group. Degenerated neurons and vascular structures with disrupted integrity of the cerebral cortex were observed after ischemia-reperfusion. Biochanin A alleviated the histopathology in the cerebrum in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased the expression of blood-brain barrier in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the sham group. Administration of Biochanin A upregulated the blood-brain barrier immunoreactivity in the cerebrum by restoring blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase in oxidative stress and pathological lesions in the cerebrum. Biochanin A treatment restored the adverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring blood-brain barrier.

Relation between orthodontic malocculusion and maxillary sinus volume.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in different skeletal malocclusion classes and the correlation between MSV and craniofacial morphology on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed retrospectively on CBCT images of individuals aged 12-24 years. A total of 129 patients (70 females, 59 males) with a normal vertical growth pattern (27° ≤ SNGoMe ≤ 38°) were divided into three groups according to malocclusion. Group 1 consisted of Class I (1 ≤ ANB ≤ 4) (n = 46) patients, Group 2 consisted of Class II (ANB > 4) (n = 47) patients, and Group 3 consisted of Class III (ANB < 1) (n = 36) patients. Four angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SNGoMe) and linear (S-N, ANS-PNS, S-Ar, N-ANS) parameters were measured to evaluate craniofacial morphology. Right and left MSV were measured using Dolphin 11.0 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA) Imaging software. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess statistical correlation. RESULTS: MSV was larger in males than females (male AMSV = 14244.1 ± 4735.8, female AMSV = 12778.2 ± 4606.9 p = 0.011) in the general population, but just the Class II group showed this (male AMSV = 16089.6 ± 4330.4, female AMSV= 12705.9 ± 3210.2, p = 0.008). RMSV and LMSV were similar (female p = 0.181 male p = 0.097), and MSV showed no significant differences between the different malocclusion classes in both sex (female p = 0.315, male p = 0.118). In the Class III group, SNB was positively correlated with RMSV (r = 416, p = 0.012). MSV showed significant positive correlation with N-ANS in all groups (Class I r = 0.359, p = 0.014, Class II r = 0.336, p = 0.021, Cl III r = 0.387, p = 0.02). In the Class II and Cl III groups, there is a statistically significant correlation between MSV and the S-N parameter (Class II r = 0.304, p = 0.038, Class III r = 0.412, p = 0.013). ANS-PNS parameter was measured at the lowest statistically significant level (female 43.1 ± 3.9a, p < 0.001, male 43.1 ± 4.3a, p < 0.001) in the Class III group but no correlation was found with MSV. Only Class II group showed a weak positive correlation between MSV and ANS-PNS (r = 0.314, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference regarding MSV between malocclusion classes. Class II males exhibit significantly larger MSV compared to females. There is a correlation between MSV and SNB, S-N, N-ANS and ANS-PNS parameters for various orthodontic skeletal patterns. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between MSV and different skeletal structures.

Anatomical surgical approach to lateral vetricle masses and histopathological findings of the brain.

BACKGROUND: The selection of surgical approach to the lateral ventricular masses includes difficulties due to their deep localizations, close proximity to the vascular and the eloquent brain structures. The most appropriate approach that should be chosen in surgical treatment of lateral ventricular masses is still controversial. In this study, the factors in the choice of surgical approach to the lateral ventricle masses and the results of them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 80 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic due to the lateral ventricular masses were retrospectively analyzed between the years 2002-2013. All of the cases were evaluated in terms of clinical and neuroradiological results pre and postoperatively. In 24 cases the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal, in 4 cases the posterior interhemispheric transcallosal, in 30 cases the posterior interhemispheric precuneal, in 14 cases the transcortical and in 8 cases the combined surgical approaches were performed. RESULTS: Gender distribution of the cases were 45 male/35 female and the mean age of them was 31.7 years (7 month - 73 years). In 64 patients the gross total resection was performed, whereas in 16 patients subtotal resection was performed due to the infiltration of eloquent brain areas. In the histopathological examination; 52 neuroepithelial, 8 mixed neuroglial, 3 meningeal, 2 lympho-hematopoietic system, 1 pine blastoma, 1 germ cell, 5 metastatic and 8 other benign masses were observed. After surgery, additional neurological deficits developed in 9 patients. The mortality was observed in 6 patients postoperatively. The average follow-up time was 13 (1-83) months. CONCLUSIONS: The essential factors which affect the results of surgical treatment of lateral ventricular masses are; the size of the mass, histopathology, location, extension, and the relationship to the neurovascular structures. The goal of surgery is to provide the histopathological diagnosis, gross total resection, if it is possible, and to normalize the flow of cerebrospinal fluid by eliminating the mass effect of pressure.

Resveratrol showed anti-inflammatory effects on hippocampus via suppressing NFκB.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the damage to the brain caused by external blow or jolt to the head or body. TBI secondarily induces cell damage in the hippocampus. This study aimed to investigate effects of resveratrol treatment histological examination and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression in hippocampus after TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four rats were assigned to three groups: sham, TBI and TBI+Resveratol. TBI was conducted by dropping a 50-g weight from a 1-meter height from a tube to the head of animals. 20 mg/kg resveratrol was orally administered to rats after TBI. Blood was collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Cerebral tissues were processed for histopathology and furtherly for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: MDA content was significantly increased and GSH value were significantly decreased in TBI group compared to sham group. Resveratrol treatment significantly improved biochemical scores in TBI+Resveratrol group. Normal histological appearance was observed in hippocampal sections of sham group. In TBI group, neurons in hippocampus were degenerated. Their nuclei were pyknotic. Other neurons and supportive neuroglial cells in hippocampal proper and dentate gyrus were also disrupted. Hippocampal proper integrity was lost with vascular dilatation. NFκB was upregulated in hippocampal neurons of TBI group. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol treatment alleviated pathologies and downregulated NFκB expression in hippocampus. TBI caused adverse alterations in free radicals' balance system and histological structures of hippocampus. Resveratrol with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects reduced the damage caused by TBI.

Biochanin A restored the blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Blood-brain barrier is a protective layer that regulates the influx and efflux of biological materials for cerebral tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Biochanin A on cerebral histopathology and blood-brain barrier immunohistochemically. METHODS: A total of 24 rats were assigned to three groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A. Ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occluding the left carotid artery for 2/24 h. Notably, 20 mg/kg Biochanin A was administered to rats for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Blood was collected for malondialdehyde and total oxidant/antioxidant status analysis. Cerebral tissues were processed for histopathology and further for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde content with total oxidant status value was significantly increased and total antioxidant status values were significantly decreased in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared with the sham group. Biochanin A treatment significantly improved scores in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. The normal histological appearance was recorded in the cerebral sections of the sham group. Degenerated neurons and vascular structures with disrupted integrity of the cerebral cortex were observed after ischemia-reperfusion. Biochanin A alleviated the histopathology in the cerebrum in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased the expression of blood-brain barrier in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the sham group. Administration of Biochanin A upregulated the blood-brain barrier immunoreactivity in the cerebrum by restoring blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase in oxidative stress and pathological lesions in the cerebrum. Biochanin A treatment restored the adverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring blood-brain barrier.

Protective effect of nebivolol on rat ovary exposed to deltamethrin toxicity.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of nebivolol against possible damage to the ovarian tissue due to the application of deltamethrin as a toxic agent, by evaluating histopathological proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signal molecules immunohistochemically. METHODS: The animals were divided into three groups as control, deltamethrin and deltamethrin + nebivolol groups. Vaginal smears were taken after the animals were mated and detected on the first day of pregnancy. After the sixth day, deltamethrin (0.5 mL of 30 mg/kg BW undiluted ULV), and 2 mL of sterile nebivolol solution were administered intraperitoneally every day for 6-21 periods. After routine histopathological follow-up, the ovarian tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. RESULTS: Control group showed normal histology of ovarium. In deltamethrin group, hyperplasic cells, degenerative follicles, pyknotic nuclei, inflammation and hemorrhagic areas were observed. Nebivolol treatment restored these pathologies. Deltamethrin treatment increased TNF-α and PCNA reaction. However, nebivolol decreased the expression. CONCLUSIONS: It was thought that deltamethrin toxicity adversely affected follicle development by inducing degeneration and apoptotic process in preantral and antra follicle cells, and nebivolol administration might reduce inflammation and slow down the apoptotic signal in the nuclear phase and regulate reorganization.

Investigation of the Neuro-Regenerative Effects of Bioresonance and Magnetotherapy in Sciatic Nerve Damage-Induced Rats / Investigación de los Efectos Neurorregenerativos de Biorresonancia y Magnetoterapia en Ratas Inducidas por Daño del Nervio Ciático

SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem that can lead to severe complications in patients. Regarding the regeneration of peripheral nerves, it is crucial to use experimental animals' nerves and use different evaluation methods. Epineural or perineural suturing is the gold standard in treating sciatic nerve injury, but nerve repair is often unsuccessful. This study aimed to investigate the neuroregenerative effects of magnetotherapy and bioresonance in experimental animals with sciatic nerve damage. In this study, 24 female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=6) as follows: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (Axonotmesis control), Group 3 (Anastomosis control), Group 4 (Axonotmesis + magnetotherapy), Group 5 (Anastomosis + magnetotherapy), Group 6 (Axonotmesis + bioresonance), Group 7 (Anastomosis + bioresonance). Magnetotherapy and bioresonance treatments were applied for 12 weeks. Behavioural tests and EMG tests were performed at the end of the 12th week. Then the rats were sacrificed, and a histopathological evaluation was made. The statistical significance level was taken as 5 % in the calculations, and the SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver.21) statistical package program was used for the calculations. Statistically significant results were obtained in animal behaviour tests, EMG, and pathology groups treated with magnetotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups treated with bioresonance treatment compared to the control groups. Muscle activity and nerve repair occurred in experimental animals with acute peripheral nerve damage due to 12 weeks of magnetotherapy, and further studies should support these results.

El daño a los nervios periféricos es un problema clínico importante que puede conducir a complicaciones graves en los pacientes. En cuanto a la regeneración de los nervios periféricos, es crucial utilizar los nervios de los animales de experimentación y diferentes métodos de evaluación. La sutura epineural o perineural es el gold estándar en el tratamiento de lesiones del nervio ciático, pero la reparación del nervio a menudo no tiene éxito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos neuroregenerativos de la magnetoterapia y la biorresonancia en animales de experimentación con daño del nervio ciático. En el estudio, 24 ratas hembras Wistar se dividieron en 7 grupos (n=6) de la siguiente manera: Grupo 1 (Control), Grupo 2 (Control de axonotmesis), Grupo 3 (Control de anastomosis), Grupo 4 (Axonotmesis + magnetoterapia), Grupo 5 (Anastomosis + magnetoterapia), Grupo 6 (Axonotmesis + biorresonancia), Grupo 7 (Anastomosis + biorresonancia). Se aplicaron durante 12 semanas tratamientos de magnetoterapia y biorresonancia. Las pruebas de comportamiento y las pruebas de EMG se realizaron al final de la semana 12. Luego se sacrificaron las ratas y se realizó una evaluación histopatológica. El nivel de significación estadística se tomó como 5 % en los cálculos, y se utilizó el programa de paquete estadístico SPSS (IBM SPSS para Windows, ver.21). Se obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos en pruebas de comportamiento animal, EMG y grupos de patología tratados con magnetoterapia. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los grupos con tratamiento de biorresonancia en comparación con los grupos controles. La actividad muscular y la reparación nerviosa, se produjeron en animales de experimentación con daño nervioso periférico agudo, debido a 12 semanas de magnetoterapia.Estudios adicionales deberían respaldar estos resultados.

Morphological investigation of deep femoral artery variations using multidetector computed tomography angiography.

PURPOSE: The deep femoral artery (DFA) is the largest and thickest branch of the femoral artery (FA), separated from the posterior lateral surface of the FA. This study aimed to analyze the anatomy of DFA using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography images to improve its clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight hundred right and left DFA MDCT angiography images from 400 individuals, 302 males (75.5%) and 98 females (24.5%), were included. RESULTS: It was determined that the DFA originates from six different aspects of the FA. The DFA was found to most commonly originate from the posterolateral aspect of the FA, with an incidence of 53%. The DFA originated from the posterior, lateral, medial, anterolateral, and posteromedial aspects at an incidence of 35.3%, 9.8%, 1%, %0.5, and 0.37%, respectively. The average distance between the DFA's origin and the midpoint of the inguinal ligament (IL) was 43.07 mm across both genders. The average distance between the DFA's origin and the midpoint of the IL was 43.07 mm. The average diameters of the DFA, medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA), and lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) were 5.62 mm, 3.01 mm, and 3.44 mm, respectively. The average distance between the DFA and MCFA was 14.64 mm, while between the DFA and LCFA, it was 19.05 mm. CONCLUSION: Knowledge regarding the anatomical variants and morphology of the DFA will enhance the accuracy of decision-making during interventional procedures and operations in the femoral region, as well as aid in the prevention of iatrogenic injuries.

Protective effect of nebivolol on rat ovary exposed to deltamethrin toxicity

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of nebivolol against possible damage to the ovarian tissue due to the application of deltamethrin as a toxic agent, by evaluating histopathological proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signal molecules immunohistochemically. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups as control, deltamethrin and deltamethrin + nebivolol groups. Vaginal smears were taken after the animals were mated and detected on the first day of pregnancy. After the sixth day, deltamethrin (0.5 mL of 30 mg/kg BW undiluted ULV), and 2 mL of sterile nebivolol solution were administered intraperitoneally every day for 6-21 periods. After routine histopathological follow-up, the ovarian tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results: Control group showed normal histology of ovarium. In deltamethrin group, hyperplasic cells, degenerative follicles, pyknotic nuclei, inflammation and hemorrhagic areas were observed. Nebivolol treatment restored these pathologies. Deltamethrin treatment increased TNF-α and PCNA reaction. However, nebivolol decreased the expression. Conclusions: It was thought that deltamethrin toxicity adversely affected follicle development by inducing degeneration and apoptotic process in preantral and antra follicle cells, and nebivolol administration might reduce inflammation and slow down the apoptotic signal in the nuclear phase and regulate reorganization.

Can paricalcitol increase the effectiveness of n-acetylcysteine in contrast induced acute kidney prophylaxis in rats? A biochemical and histopathological study / ¿Puede el paricalcitol aumentar la eficacia de la n-acetilcisteína en la profilaxis renal aguda inducida por contraste en ratas? Un estudio bioquímico e histopatológico

SUMMARY: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is used for contrast induced acut kidney injury (CI-AKI) prophylaxis because of its antioxidant effects. Paricalcitol, which has reno-protective effects, is likely to provide a more effective prophylaxis when added to NAC treatment. The study was designed based on this hypothesis. The study was organised to include 4 groups each consisting of 7 rats. Group 1 was the control group, and Group 2 included rats with CI-AKI. Rats in Group 3 were administered NAC at a dose of 100 mg/kg via oral gavage once a day for 5 days. Rats in group 4 were administered paricalcitol at a dose of 0.4 mcg/kg once a day for 5 days in addition to NAC. CI-AKI was induced after the treatments in both groups. The study was terminated on the sixth day. Samples were collected from the rats' sera and kidney tissues to study oxidant and antioxidant parameters; kidney function tests were also studied. There were significant differences between the contrast nephropathy group (Group 2) and NAC and NAC+paricalcitol groups with respect to serum urea and creatinine levels. When the same groups were compared regarding oxidant (TOS-MDA) and antioxidant (TAC-Paraoxonase) parameters, we observed that the oxidant parameters increased in serum and kidney tissue samples with NAC use, and that effect was strengthened by the addition of paricalcitol to NAC treatment. However, despite increased antioxidant effectiveness, we observed no decrease in urea and creatinine levels when paricalcitol was added for CI-AKI in rats. There was no significant difference between Group 3 and Group 4. Paricalcitol provides a more potent antioxidant effect in both serum and kidney tissue samples when added to NAC treatment in rats with CI-AKI. Despite increased antioxidant parameters, however, paricalcitol does not provide a significant decrease in urea and creatinine levels.

RESUMEN: Debido a sus efectos atioxidantes la N- acetilcisteína (NAC) se usa para la profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste (CI-AKI). Es probable que el paricalcitol, que tiene efectos renoprotectores, proporcione una profilaxis más eficaz cuando se agrega al tratamiento con NAC. En base a esta hipótesis el estudio fue diseñado para incluir cuatro grupos cada uno compuesto por siete ratas. El grupo 1 fue el grupo control y el grupo 2 incluyó ratas con CI-AKI. A las ratas del Grupo 3 se les administró NAC con una dosis de 100 mg/kg por sonda oral una vez al día, durante 5 días. A las ratas del grupo 4 se les administró paricalcitol a una dosis de 0,4 mcg/kg una vez al día durante 5 días, además de NAC. Se indujo CI-AKI después de los tratamientos en ambos grupos. El estudio finalizó el sexto día. Se recolectaron muestras de suero y tejidos renales de ratas para estudiar los parámetros oxidantes y antioxidantes; También se estudiaron las pruebas de función renal. Hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo de nefropatía por contraste (Grupo 2) y los grupos NAC y NAC+paricalcitol con respecto a los niveles séricos de urea y creatinina. Cuando se compararon los mismos grupos con respecto a los parámetros oxidantes (TOS-MDA) y antioxidantes (TAC-Paraoxonase), observamos que los parámetros oxidantes aumentaron en muestras de suero y tejido renal con el uso de NAC, y ese efecto se vio reforzado por la adición de paricalcitol a tratamiento NAC. Sin embargo, a pesar de una mayor eficacia antioxidante, no observamos una disminución en los niveles de urea y creatinina cuando se agregó paricalcitol para CI-AKI en ratas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el Grupo 3 y el Grupo 4. El paricalcitol proporciona un efecto antioxidante más potente tanto en muestras de suero como de tejido renal cuando se agrega al tratamiento con NAC en ratas con CI-AKI. Sin embargo, a pesar del aumento de los parámetros antioxidantes, el paricalcitol no proporciona una disminución sig- nificativa en los niveles de urea y creatinina.

Evaluation of the effects of diode laser application on experimental orthodontic tooth movements in rats. Histopathological analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of diode laser use on experimental orthodontic tooth movements. METHODS: Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar were divided into three equal groups (n = 10), two experimentals and one control. Applying 20 g orthodontic force were attached to the maxillary incisors of the rats in all groups. Low dose laser was applied to the surrounding tissues of the maxillary incisors of the rats in the experimental groups. Two exposure times for laser irradiation were used for seven days: t = 12 min (energy dose = 72 J) and t = 9 min (energy dose = 54 J) by a 0.1 W DEKA brand diode laser with wavelength of 980 nm. RESULTS: Osteoclastic activation increased in the 72 J group when compared to control group and decreased in comparison to the 54 J group. Osteoblastic activation was decreased in the 72 J group when compared to the control group and increased in comparison to the 54 J group. CONCLUSIONS: Applying 54 J laser energy has been found effective to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.

The effect of rosmarinic acid on deformities occurring in brain tissue by craniectomy method. Histopathological evaluation of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions.

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of Rosmarinic acid (RA) in the prevention of traumatic brain injury and the immunohistochemical analysis of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions. METHODS: Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats. Groups were as follows; control group, traumatic brain injury (TBI) group, and TBI+RA group. After traumatic brain injury, blood samples were taken from the animals and analyzed with various biochemical markers. And then IBA-1 and GFAP expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Significant results were obtained in all biochemical parameters between groups. Immunohistochemical sections showed IBA-1 not only in microglia and macrophage activity but also in degenerative neurons in blood vessel endothelial cells. However, GFAP reaction and post-traumatic rosmarinic acid administration showed positive expression in astrocytes with regular structure around the blood vessel. CONCLUSION: Rosmarinic acid in blood vessel endothelial cells showed that preserving the integrity of astrocytic structure in the blood brain barrier may be an important antioxidant.

Scanning electron microscopy assessment of the load-bearing capacity of cad/cam-fabricated molar crowns.

Although fiber-reinforced composites are commonly used in dental practice, whether fiber-reinforced crowns and fixed partial dentures can be used as definitive prostheses remains to be determined. This study used scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of non-reinforced and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) molar crowns prepared by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The crowns were fabricated from three empirical FRC blocks, one empirical composite block, and one commercial ceramic block. The FRC resin was prepared by mixing BaO silicate particles, E-glass fiber, and dimethacrylate resin. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10), differing in the amounts of filler, resin, and fiber. Crowns were statically loaded until fracture. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analyses. The groups showed significant differences in load-bearing capacity; empirical bidirectional FRC resin blocks had the highest capacity, while commercial ceramic blocks had the lowest capacity. Molar crowns formed from FRC resin blocks had higher load-bearing capacity compared to non-reinforced composite resin and ceramic blocks. These results show that fiber reinforcement increased the load-bearing capacity of molar crowns.

Investigation of proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery variations by multidetector computed tomography angiography method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical anatomic variations of the proper hepatic artery (PHA) and the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). For this purpose, angiographic images of patients were evaluated.Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the multiple-detector computed tomography angiography images of 671 patients.Results: In this retrospective study, 35 different types were identified as associated with PHA and GDA. There were 292 patients (43.52%; 175 females and 117 males) included in normal anatomical classification. Different anatomic variations were detected in 300 patients (44.71%; 129 females and 171 males). In 79 patients, arterial branch follow-up failed. These patients were evaluated as an unidentified group.Conclusion: We described different vascular variations in the PHAs and GDAs of our patients.

Comparison of ependymomas and medulloblastomas located in the posterior cranial fossa: An anatomical and histopathological study.

Posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) include medulloblastomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, pilocytic astrocytomas, ependymomas, and brainstem gliomas. We evaluated patients with surgery at our clinic, comparing epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of medulloblastoma and ependymoma to identify factors that might assist preoperative diagnosis, help to develop treatment algorithms, and have prognostic value after surgery. Pediatric patients from 0 to 16 and young adults from 16 to 29 years of age with surgery for pathologically confirmed ependymomas or medulloblastomas between January 2014 and January 2020 were eligible. The study included 19 patients, seven with ependymoma (37%) and 12 with medulloblastoma (63.2%). The ependymoma patients were 5.29 ± 5.85 years of age, the medulloblastoma patients were 11.58 ± 8.17 years of age, and 16 patients (84%) were children.Fifteen patients (79%) presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and four (21%) presented with cerebellar findings. MRI found that 74% (14) of the PSTs were located in the midline, including six of the seven ependymomas (86%) and eight of the 12 medulloblastomas (67%). Enhancement was significantly greater in medulloblastomas compared with ependymomas (p = 0.022). In according to pathology results; synaptophysin, NSE, chromogranin and 50% GFAP positivity were observed in medulloblastoma. Ependymomas were S100 (43%) and vimentin (29%) positive. Ependymoma patients were younger than medulloblastoma patients and more were female. There were no significant differences in the clinical findings, but ependymomas were larger and had greater rates of enhancement and spinal metastasis compared with medulloblastomas.

Scanning electron microscopy assessment of the load-bearing capacity of cad/cam-fabricated molar crowns

Abstract Although fiber-reinforced composites are commonly used in dental practice, whether fiber-reinforced crowns and fixed partial dentures can be used as definitive prostheses remains to be determined. This study used scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of non-reinforced and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) molar crowns prepared by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The crowns were fabricated from three empirical FRC blocks, one empirical composite block, and one commercial ceramic block. The FRC resin was prepared by mixing BaO silicate particles, E-glass fiber, and dimethacrylate resin. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10), differing in the amounts of filler, resin, and fiber. Crowns were statically loaded until fracture. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analyses. The groups showed significant differences in load-bearing capacity; empirical bidirectional FRC resin blocks had the highest capacity, while commercial ceramic blocks had the lowest capacity. Molar crowns formed from FRC resin blocks had higher load-bearing capacity compared to non-reinforced composite resin and ceramic blocks. These results show that fiber reinforcement increased the load-bearing capacity of molar crowns.

Evaluation of the effects of diode laser application on experimental orthodontic tooth movements in rats. Histopathological analysis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of diode laser use on experimental orthodontic tooth movements. Methods: Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar were divided into three equal groups (n = 10), two experimentals and one control. Applying 20 g orthodontic force were attached to the maxillary incisors of the rats in all groups. Low dose laser was applied to the surrounding tissues of the maxillary incisors of the rats in the experimental groups. Two exposure times for laser irradiation were used for seven days: t = 12 min (energy dose = 72 J) and t = 9 min (energy dose = 54 J) by a 0.1 W DEKA brand diode laser with wavelength of 980 nm. Results: Osteoclastic activation increased in the 72 J group when compared to control group and decreased in comparison to the 54 J group. Osteoblastic activation was decreased in the 72 J group when compared to the control group and increased in comparison to the 54 J group. Conclusions: Applying 54 J laser energy has been found effective to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.

The effect of rosmarinic acid on deformities occurring in brain tissue by craniectomy method. Histopathological evaluation of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions

Abstract Purpose To investigate the role of Rosmarinic acid (RA) in the prevention of traumatic brain injury and the immunohistochemical analysis of IBA-1 and GFAP expressions. Methods Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats. Groups were as follows; control group, traumatic brain injury (TBI) group, and TBI+RA group. After traumatic brain injury, blood samples were taken from the animals and analyzed with various biochemical markers. And then IBA-1 and GFAP expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results Significant results were obtained in all biochemical parameters between groups. Immunohistochemical sections showed IBA-1 not only in microglia and macrophage activity but also in degenerative neurons in blood vessel endothelial cells. However, GFAP reaction and post-traumatic rosmarinic acid administration showed positive expression in astrocytes with regular structure around the blood vessel. Conclusion Rosmarinic acid in blood vessel endothelial cells showed that preserving the integrity of astrocytic structure in the blood brain barrier may be an important antioxidant.