Expression of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 2 (MCM2) in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

The histopathological investigations of oral lesions are a basic approach for diagnosing ongoing cancer or pre-cancer associated pathological attributes in the dissected biopsy. The early detection and management of potentially malignant disorders of the lip and oral cavity that require intervention may reduce malignant transformations, or in case any malignancy is detected during surveillance, the appropriate treatment may improve survival rates. This would guide the clinicians to decide the appropriate treatment modality or lesion to achieve a more favorable prognosis. MCM2 protein is involved in DNA replication providing additional information about the prognosis of neoplasms. Some authors have pointed out that MCM proteins have been inversely correlated with salivary tumour differentiation and therefore could be an indicator of proliferation potential. Therefore, it is essential to find the expression of the MCM2 gene in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Electronic databases like Ebscohost, Livivo, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers (MS and SN) independently selected the relevant articles. Any disagreement was discussed until a consensus was reached. We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the quality of the included studies over four key domains: patient selection, index test, reference standard and flow and timing of participants through the study. 10 out of 57 titles were found to meet the eligibility criteria. Biopsied tissue with immunohistochemical staining or advanced diagnostic studies were included. A total of 901 samples were included in the study and different groups were normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MCM2 proteins are useful diagnostic markers for distinguishing malignant from benign epithelial dysplasia and for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC as an adjunct to clinicopathological parameters. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03296-7.

Odontogenic tumors: a study of 120 cases in an Indian teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Studies on odontogenic tumors published from many parts of the world show a distinct geographic variation; however, there is little information available in the English-language literature on the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors in India. This retrospective study was designed to determine the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors in an Indian population and compare them with various reports from other parts of the world. STUDY DESIGN: The histopathology records of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology of Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai were retrieved retrospectively within the period of January 2001 to July 2010. A total of 120 lesions classified as odontogenic tumors were reviewed. These were analyzed for age, gender, site of tumor and histopathologic typing. Criteria used were World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2005. The mandible and maxilla were divided into 4 anatomic regions, and the distribution of each odontogenic tumor among these regions was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 120 cases of odontogenic tumors were reported in this period. Odontogenic tumors in the present study constituted 5.78% of all the 2075 registered biopsies. The most frequent histological type was ameloblastoma (40.83%), followed by Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (37.5%), odontome (11.66%) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (5.8%). In general, the odontogenic tumors showed a predilection for the mandible and the posterior regions of the jaws. Ameloblastomas occurred with a marked predilection for the mandible, while adenomatoid odontogenic tumor showed predilection for the maxilla, anterior regions of the jaws, and young females. CONCLUSION: A frequency of 5.78% of odontogenic tumors was observed in this study. Ameloblastoma comprised the single most common tumor of all odontogenic tumors. This study observed geographic variations in the frequency and distribution of odontogenic tumors.

Fibrosarcoma of mandible: a case report.

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblasts that rarely affects the oral cavity and can cause local recurrences or metastasis. In this paper, a case of fibrosarcoma in the posterior area of mandible in a 44-year-old woman is described. Clinical examination revealed a growth on right mandibular third molar region extending on the buccal and the lingual side. There was history of extraction of posterior teeth. Radiologically, there was a diffuse bone loss. Microscopically, the tumor showed an intense proliferation of fibroblasts of variable size and shape. These cells were arranged in parallel bands and partly crossing each other. The cells exhibited increased mitotic activity and nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically the cells showed immunoreactivity only for vimentin while they exhibited negativity towards S-100 protein, cytokeratin cocktail, HMB-45, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Based on findings the final diagnosis of fibrosarcoma was made.

Cheiloscopy as an adjunct to forensic identification: a study of 600 individuals.

Cheiloscopy deals with examination of system of furrows on the red part of human lips. The present study was undertaken to classify lip prints, study their variations, determine the most common pattern in the study population, evaluate differences in lip prints between males and females and between different age groups, ascertain whether there is any hereditary pattern and thereby investigate their potential role in personal identification. Lip prints of 600 individuals, including 52 families, of ages ranging from 3 to 83 years were obtained using lipstick and two kinds of adhesive tape. The lip prints were analyzed using Adobe® Photoshop® software and classified according to Tsuchihashi classification. Patterns of lip prints occurred in diverse combinations. The patterns were similar between males and females and varied among different age groups. Some hereditary resemblance was observed between parents and offspring. Lip prints have a good potential for use in criminal investigations. They have been used only occasionally despite their frequent occurrence at crime scenes. A place for cheiloscopy is recommended within the scope of forensic odontostomatology, along with other means of forensic identification.