How to improve inpatient sleep in regular care wards: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep disturbers and non-pharmacological interventions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors affecting inpatient sleep and assess the range and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at improving the sleep of patients admitted to regular care wards. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in five scientific databases, including articles published from inception to June 23rd, 2023. Eligible studies evaluated sleep disturbing factors or the effect of non-pharmacological intervention(s). Meta-analyses on intervention studies were conducted using a random effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Out of 591 potentially eligible studies, 229 were included in this review. Sleep disturbers were identified in 153 studies, and 102 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Common factors contributing to poor sleep included noise, light, care-related interruptions, pain, and anxiety. The meta-analyses revealed large pooled effects in favor of sleep for the use of eye masks and earplugs, headphones and white noise, aromatherapy, massage, muscle relaxation and breathing exercises, and advanced nursing strategies. However, the certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. CONCLUSION: Inpatient sleep is often disturbed by patient-related, care-related, and environmental factors. While there are promising non-pharmacological interventions, the overall quality of studies, heterogeneity in study populations, and differences in outcome measures present challenges for drawing definitive conclusions.

Latent growth modeling of IRT versus CTT measured longitudinal latent variables.

Latent growth models are often used to measure individual trajectories representing change over time. The characteristics of the individual trajectories depend on the variability in the longitudinal outcomes. In many medical and epidemiological studies, the individual health outcomes cannot be observed directly and are indirectly observed through indicators (i.e. items of a questionnaire). An item response theory or a classical test theory measurement model is required, but the choice can influence the latent growth estimates. In this study, under various conditions, this influence is directly assessed by estimating latent growth parameters on a common scale for item response theory and classical test theory using a novel plausible value method in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo. The latent outcomes are considered missing data and plausible values are generated from the corresponding posterior distribution, separately for item response theory and classical test theory. These plausible values are linearly transformed to a common scale. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method was developed to simultaneously estimate the latent growth and measurement model parameters using this plausible value technique. It is shown that estimated individual trajectories using item response theory, compared to classical test theory to measure outcomes, provide a more detailed description of individual change over time, since item response patterns (item response theory) are more informative about the health measurements than sum scores (classical test theory).

Predictors of sick leave and improved worker productivity after 52 weeks of intensive treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To identify predictors of sick leave and improved worker productivity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated for 52 weeks with intensive combination strategies. Methods: Patients with early RA were included in the COmbinatietherapie Bij Reumatoïde Artritis (COBRA)-light trial and followed for 52 weeks. As the COBRA-light strategy proved to be non-inferior to the COBRA strategy, all patients were pooled. Predictors for sick leave and improved worker productivity were assessed through a 3 month time-lag multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations model. Results: At baseline, 97 patients had a paid job, 59 had no job, and for six patients the work status was unknown. During the trial, 13 patients stopped working (8%) and six started working (4%). Only sick leave in the past 3 months predicted sick leave. By excluding this variable, patient global assessment and actual hours of sick leave became predictors. Increased worker productivity was predicted by higher patient global assessment levels, Sharp van der Heijde score ≥ 1, actual hours on sick leave, and higher worker productivity in the past 3 months. Conclusion: Sick leave and improved worker productivity were mainly predicted by non-disease-specific variables. Both outcomes can be predicted on a 3 month basis, using the outcome over the past 3 months for the next 3 months. By applying this model in daily practice, decisions for therapy change could be based not solely on disease activity but also taking into account a possible high risk for sick leave in the upcoming 3 months.

Effect of a cluster randomised team training intervention on adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes: a stepped wedge study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of an intervention based on Crew Resource Management team training, including a tool for structured communication, on adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. DESIGN: Stepped wedge. SETTING: The Netherlands. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Registry data of 8123 women referred from primary care to a hospital during childbirth, at ≥ 32.0 weeks of singleton gestation and with no congenital abnormalities, in the period 2012-15. METHODS: Obstetric teams of five hospitals and their surrounding primary-care midwifery practices participated in the intervention. In total, 49 team training sessions were organised for 465 care professionals (75.5% participated). Adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes before, during and after the intervention were analysed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse Outcome Index (AOI-5), a composite measure involving; intrapartum or neonatal death, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, postpartum haemorrhage and/or perineal tear. RESULTS: In total, an AOI-5 score was reported in 11.3% of the study population. No significant difference was found in the incidence of the AOI-5 score after the intervention compared with before the intervention (OR 1.07: 95% CI 0.92-1.24). CONCLUSIONS: We found no effect of the intervention on adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes for women who were referred during childbirth. Team training is appreciated in practice, but evidence on the long-term impact is still limited. Upcoming studies should build on previous research and consider more sensitive outcome measures. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: A cluster randomised team training intervention showed no effect on adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes for women referred during childbirth.

Peripartum fetal distress in diabetic women: a retrospective case-cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Major concerns of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus are an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome. The objective of this study was to analyse the rate of fetal distress during labor in women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes compared to control women. METHODS: A retrospective case-cohort study was conducted at the VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; a tertiary care hospital. 117 women with type 1 diabetes, 59 women with type 2 diabetes, 303 women with gestational diabetes and 15,260 control women were included, who delivered between March 2004 and February 2014. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to compare maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Risk of fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia was assessed by multiple regression analyses, adjusted for confounding factors as age, smoking, parity, previous cesarean section, hypertensive disorder, pre-eclampsia, prematurity, induction of labor and macrosomia. Main outcome measure was fetal distress, defined either as clinical indication for instrumental or cesarean delivery; or low umbilical artery pH (UA pH), or admission to neonatal unit (NU). RESULTS: The indication for instrumental or cesarean delivery in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was more frequently based on fetal distress as compared to controls (adjusted OR 2.76 CI 1.74-4.40 and adjusted OR 2.31 CI 1.19-4.51, respectively). In comparison with the control group, infants of women with type 1 diabetes had an increased risk of UA pH < 7.20 (adjusted OR 1.88 CI 1.23-2.87) or UA pH < 7.10 (adjusted OR 3.35 CI 1.79-6.27). Also, infants of women with type 1 diabetes were at increased risk for admission to NU as compared to infants of control women (OR 8.07 CI 4.75-13.70). CONCLUSIONS: Women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of fetal distress during labor as compared to controls.

Fibroid vascularisation assessed with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound is a predictor for uterine fibroid growth: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse fibroid vascularisation measured with three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler in relation to absolute fibroid volume change during 12 months of follow up and in relation to fibroid growth rate per year. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was performed between March 2012 and March 2014. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of the VU medical centre, Amsterdam. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: All premenopausal women diagnosed with a maximum of two fibroids with expectant management were consecutively included. METHODS: Three-dimensional ultrasound including power Doppler was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Volume and vascular parameters were calculated using VOCAL software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between vascular index (VI) at baseline and fibroid volume over time was analysed using linear mixed model analyses for repeated measurements. Second, the relationship between VI at baseline and fibroid growth rate per year was calculated using linear regression analyses. Analyses were adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS: In all, 66 women (mean age 42 years) completed 12 months of follow up without treatment. Baseline fibroid vascularisation (VI) measured with 3D power Doppler is correlated with fibroid volume at 12 months (P = 0.02 ). An increase of 1% in VI at baseline was associated with a 7.00-cm3 larger fibroid volume at 12 months. Furthermore, vascularisation was also associated with fibroid growth rate per year (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In women with uterine fibroids without therapy, baseline vascularisation (VI) measured with 3D power Doppler is correlated with absolute fibroid volume change at 12 months and with fibroid growth rate per year. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Fibroid vascularisation correlates with absolute fibroid volume change and fibroid growth rate per year.

Physical fitness, body fatness, and physical activity: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine sex-specific longitudinal relationships between physical fitness (cardiopulmonary and neuromotor fitness) and body fatness (sum of skinfolds) and to examine the influence of physical activity (weighted activity score) on these relationships. The data were obtained from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (AGHS), an observational longitudinal study of 98 females and 83 males, with six repeated measurements over a period from 13 to 27 years of age. The longitudinal relationship between body fatness and physical fitness was analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). For each of the eight fitness items used as outcome variables, standardized regression coefficients were calculated for the relationships with body fatness and for the relationships with physical activity with and without correcting for height and weight. In all analyses, body fatness was inversely related to running speed, standing high jump, leg lift speed, and maximal oxygen uptake. Physical activity was positively related to leg lift speed and maximal oxygen uptake, and only in females to the standing high jump. Thus, body fatness is inversely related to most fitness items, while physical activity is positively related to only several fitness items. Further, body fatness and physical activity are independently related to physical fitness. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:593-599, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.