Heat pack treatment does not attenuate repeated muscle damage in collegiate females / O tratamento térmico não atenua lesão muscular em mulheres universitárias

OBJECTIVE: Unaccustomed exercise causes transient Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS); creatine-kinase and DOMS are indirect markers of muscle damage. Heat pack treatment increases blood flow and relieves pain. We determined the effects of heat pack treatment on DOMS, Creatine-Kinase, pain and jumping following maximum calf-raise exercises. METHODS: Exercise (3 days): calf-raise, 1 movement every 3 seconds until subjects could not maintain movement speed, Recovery: monitored for 7 days. Subjects: 14 female collegiate students (age: 20-22) with previous regular moderate exercise history, divided into heat pack treatment (n = 7; 40ºC, 20-min on both calf muscles immediately after exercise) vs. no treatment (n = 7). Measured parameters: number of daily movements, Creatine-Kinase, one-leg long jumping (JUMP) and perceived pain (PAIN). Maximum dorsiflexion, calf maximum circumference and isometric muscle strength were also measured, but showed no significant variation. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups regarding the number of the calf-raise repetitions; Creatine-Kinase increased significantly from day 3 of the Exercise-period to day 5 of the recovery period and peaked on Recovery day 2 in both groups; it was higher in the treated-group vs. controls; PAIN significantly decreased immediately after the heat pack treatment; DOMS peaked in both groups on day 3 of the Exercise-period, and recovered by day 4 of the recovery period. JUMP values decreased significantly after the initial exercise and recovered to initial values by Day 4 of the recovery period. CONCLUSION: Heat pack treatment for 20 minutes did not minimize DOMS following the maximum calf-raise exercise, but reduced immediate muscle soreness.

OBJETIVO: Exercícios desacostumados causam Dor Muscular Transitória Tardia (DMT); a creatina quinase e a DMT são marcadores indiretos de lesão muscular. Tratamento térmico aumenta o fluxo sanguíneo e alivia a dor. Determinamos os efeitos do tratamento de calor sobr a DMT, a creatina quinase, e a dor causada exercícios máximos de elevação da panturillha. MÉTODOS: Exercício (3 dias): elevação da panturrilha, um movimento cada 3 segundos até que os participantes não puderam manter a velocidade de movimento; esta fase foi seguida por sete dias de recuperação monitorada. Participantes: 14 estudantes universitários do sexo feminino (idade: 20-22) com história anterior exercícios moderados e regulares, divididos em participantes tratados com calor (n = 7; 40 º C, 20 min em ambos os músculos da panturrilha imediatamente após o exercício) vs. nenhum tratamento (n = 7). Os parâmetros medidos foram: número de movimentos diários, creatina quinase, slato em distância com uma única perna (JUMP) e dor percebida (DOR). Foram também medidos a dorsiflexão máxima, circunferência máxima da panturrilha e a força muscular isométrica, que não exibiram variações significativas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao número de repetições de elevação de panturrilha; a creatina quinase aumentou significativamente desde o dia 3 do período de exercício até o dia 5 do período de recuperação e chegou ao máximo no dia 2 de recuperação em ambos os grupos; seu valor foi mais elevado no grupo tratado versus controles; a DOR diminuiu significativamente imediatamente após o tratamento de calor; DMT atingiu o pico em ambos os grupos aos 3 dias do período de exercício e desapareceu no dia 4 do período de recuperação. Os valores de JUMP diminuíram significativamente após o exercício inicial e recuperam aos valores iniciais no Dia 4 do período de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento térmico por 20 minutos não minimizou a DMT após o exercício máximo de elevação de panturrilha, mas reduziu a dor muscular imediata.

Total Synthesis of Proposed Structure of Yuremamine and All Diastereomers Using [3+2]-Cycloaddition of Platinum-Containing Azomethine Ylide.

Total synthesis of the proposed structure of yuremamine has been achieved for the first time based on the intermolecular [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of the platinum-containing azomethine ylide. All the possible diastereomers of yuremamine were also synthesized via the common intermediate. Through these syntheses, it was confirmed that the proposed structure of yuremamine and the diastereomers differ from the natural product.

The therapeutic advantage of combination antihypertensive drug therapy using amlodipine and irbesartan in hypertensive patients: Analysis of the post-marketing survey data from PARTNER (Practical combination therapy of Amlodin and angiotensin II Receptor blocker; safety and efficacy in patients with hypertension) study.

Two-thirds of hypertensive patients need a combination antihypertensive therapy to achieve the target blood pressure (BP). The PARTNER (Practical combination therapy of Amlodin and angiotensin II Receptor blocker; Safety and efficacy in paTieNts with hypERtension) study is a prospective specific clinical use survey examining the efficacy and safety of 12-week treatment with amlodipine (AML) and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) in 5900 hypertensive patients. The current analysis was performed as to the BP control, adverse reactions, and the effects on laboratory data in patients treated with the combination of AML and irbesartan (IRB), namely the patients added AML to already taking IRB (AML add-on group, n = 1202) and the patients added IRB to AML (IRB add-on group, n = 1050). Both study groups showed distinct decreases in office BP at 4 week (p < 0.001) and the antihypertensive effects were sustained to 12 week (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients achieving BP < 140/90 mmHg was ∼70% in either group. Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly improved in hypertensive patients with baseline eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Serum uric acid was reduced either by adding AML or IRB, and the reductions were prominent in patients with serum uric acid >7 mg/dl. The incidence of adverse reactions was as few as 1.11% and there were no severe adverse reactions which hampered the continuation of combination therapy. In conclusion, combination antihypertensive therapy with AML and IRB effectively lowers BP without particular safety problems, reduces serum uric acid especially in patients with hyperuricemia and exhibits renoprotective effects in patients with chronic kidney disease.

[Anesthesia for a Patient with Acute Appendicitis and Idiopathic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Vasospasms].

A 33 year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with acute appendicitis. She had idiopathic cervical internal carotid artery vasospasms and had been taking aspirin. We used intracranial oxygen saturation measuring instrument (INVOS®) for anesthetic management during general anesthesia. We administered atropine and continuous small amount of dopamine, and loaded fluids when her blood pressure decreased. We refrained from using medicines which might influence cerebral blood flows. Intracranial oxygen saturation was maintained above baseline during the operation. Intracranial oxygen saturation measuring instrument was useful in achieving the maintenance of intracranial environment Administration of dopamine and atropine was useful and safe in keeping the circulation dynamics and intracranial tissue oxygen saturation in this patient.

Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cell proliferation and motility.

Although several therapeutic options are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the outcome is still very poor. One reason is the complexity of signal transduction in the pathogenesis of HCC. The aim of this study was to identify new HCC-related genes and to investigate the functions of these genes in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Whole genomes of 15 surgically resected HCC specimens were examined for copy number alterations with comparative genomic hybridization. Gene expression was compared between HCC and normal liver tissues. The roles of the new genes in the progression of HCC were studied using cultured cell lines. Copy number gain in chromosome 8q was detected in 53% of HCC tissues examined. The gene that coded for collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), located at chromosome 8q22.3, was overexpressed in HCC compared with normal or liver cirrhosis tissues and identified as a new HCC-related gene. CTHRC1 deletion with short hairpin RNA significantly reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In addition, mRNA of integrins ß-2 and ß-3 was downregulated, with deletion of CTHRC1 in these cells. Immunohistochemical staining on resected HCC tissues showing positive staining areas for CTHRC1 was significantly greater in poorly-differentiated HCC compared with well­differentiated HCC. Moreover, some cases showed strong staining for CTHRC1 in invasive areas of HCC. CTHRC1 has the potential to be a new biomarker for the aggressive HCC, and to be a new therapeutic target in treating HCC.

Autopsy case of aluminum encephalopathy.

We report the case of a 59-year-old female aluminum encephalopathy patient who had chronic renal failure and took 3.0 g hydroxy-aluminum gel per day for the control of serum phosphorus level during a 15-year period. Nine months before her death she developed disorientation, memory disturbance, emotional incontinence, general convulsions and consciousness disturbance. Neuropathologically, the brain showed nerve cell atrophy and mild loss with stromal spongiosis, proliferation of astrocytes and microglia in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus. Some nerve cells were stained immunohistochemically by phosphorylated neurofilament, but apparent neurofibrillary tangles were not observed. Aluminum was detected in the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex by X-ray microanalysis. Despite the long-term intake of aluminum, there were no neuropathological findings of Alzheimer's disease. The findings in our case suggested that aluminum alone might not develop Alzheimer's disease.