RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: This comparative prospective study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from August 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019 (six months). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intralesional chloroquine with intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria reporting to the Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital were included in this study. Informed consent was taken and demographic data including patients' hospital registration number, age, gender, and number of lesions were noted. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. In group A, intralesional chloroquine was injected two times per week, and in group B, intralesional meglumine antimoniate was injected two times per week. The efficacy of both treatments was noted after eight weeks of treatment. Frequency and percentages were computed for qualitative variables like gender and number of lesions. Mean±standard deviation was presented for quantitative variables like age. Analysis was done to compare the proportion of both groups. Chi-square test was applied to compare the efficacy of both groups, p≤0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: In this study, the mean age of patients was 29.69±08.95 years. There were 63 (98.44%) males and one (1.56%) female. In this study, efficacy was achieved in six (18.8%) patients in group A, while in 17 (53.1%) patients in group B. This difference was statistically significant, i.e., p=0.004. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that intralesional meglumine antimoniate is more effective in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis than intralesional chloroquine.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of intralesional tranexamic acid and topical 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma. STUDY DESIGN: This comparative prospective study was conducted at the Dermatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from October 16, 2018 to April 16, 2019. METHODOLOGY: A total of 290 patients with melasma, 18 to 50 years of age, were included in this study. Patients with a history of discoid lupus erythematosus, pregnancy, lactation, anemia, and oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy were excluded from the study. Randomization was 1:1 for groups A and B, i.e., each upcoming patient was included in the next group. This randomization was supervised by another clinician. One hundred forty-five patients were placed in group A (intralesional tranexamic acid), while 145 were enrolled in group B (topical 4% hydroquinone). Follow-up was done at four weekly intervals for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the final response was assessed. RESULTS: In group A, the average age was 33.74 ± 6.67 years, while in group B it was 32.08 ± 6.08 years. Among the entire patients, the majority of the patients, 207 (71.38%), were in the age range of 18 to 35 years. Intralesional tranexamic acid was efficacious in 64 (44.14%) patients, while 47 (32.41%) of group B (topical 4% hydroquinone) showed complete improvement (p-value = 0.040). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that using intralesional tranexamic acid is more effective in treating melasma than topical 4% hydroquinone.
RESUMO
Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disease characterised by symmetric velvety hyperpigmented, verrucous plaques of the intertriginous surfaces of the axilla, neck, inframammary, and mucocutaneous regions. Malignant acanthosis nigricans is a paraneoplastic phenomenon most commonly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. Tripe palms, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and oral involvement along with generalised acanthosis nigricans are the features which are highly suggestive of internal malignancy. This case report describes a rare case of a patient who presented with combination of malignant acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and oral involvement associated with undifferentiated malignant neoplasm of hepatic bile ducts.
