RESUMO
We compared the dietary effects of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) contained in the DGLA oil produced by a fungus with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on the fatty acid composition. Wistar rats were fed with three kinds of oil for two weeks as follows: (i) control group: corn oil; (ii) GLA group: borage oil; (iii) DGLA group: DGLA oil/safflower oil = 55:45. The DGLA concentrations in the liver, serum, and brain of the DGLA group were higher than those of the GLA oil group. We also examined the dose effect of DGLA. The DGLA levels in the liver, serum, and brain significantly increased with increasing dosage of DGLA in the diet. DGLA administration significantly increased the ratio of PGE1/PGE2 in the rat plasma. The mechanism for GLA administration to improve atopic eczema is thought to involve an increase in the concentration of DGLA metabolized from GLA, so these results suggest that the dietary effect of DGLA would be more dominant than GLA.
Assuntos
Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/farmacocinética , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Linolênico/farmacocinética , Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/sangue , Administração Oral , Alprostadil/sangue , Animais , Dessaturase de Ácido Graxo Delta-5 , Dinoprostona/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/biossíntese , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/genética , Linoleoil-CoA Desaturase/biossíntese , Linoleoil-CoA Desaturase/genética , Masculino , PPAR alfa/biossíntese , PPAR alfa/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Proteínas de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol/biossíntese , Proteínas de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol/genética , Ácido gama-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido gama-Linolênico/sangueRESUMO
We have investigated the deposition of glycoconjugates in human brain tissue with or without brain disorders. In this review we describe the application of lectin-histochemistry techniques to forensic neuropathology. Lectin staining is able to reveal several kinds of carbohydrate-related depositions in addition to the conventional degenerative changes including senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and corpora amylacea. The senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were clearly stained by Con A, PSA and GSI lectins, the corpora amylacea which is relevant to repeated brain hypoxia and mitochondrial damage was also easily detected by these and many other kinds of lectins. Amorphous spaces were detected around blood vessels and independently from blood vessels by lectin staining in the white matter from patients with brain disorders or severe edema. The white matter lesions were not considered relevant for forensic pathology, until a large group of cerebral white matter lesions were detected in the elderly with increasing frequency by modern neuro-imaging methods. The spherical deposits were newly detected by lectin staining in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation chiefly from patients with schizophrenia or cognitive dysfunctions.
Assuntos
Química Encefálica , Medicina Legal/métodos , Lectinas , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Feminino , Glicoconjugados/análise , Histocitoquímica/métodos , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Masculino , Neurônios/química , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodosRESUMO
Amorphorous and colorless spaces, Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS), were often found by HE stain around blood vessels in the edematous brain. Histochemical characteristic of the enlarged VRS caused by an advanced edema and detected by lectin stain using Griffonia simplicifolia I agglutinin in the brain stem, the occipital lobe and/or the cerebellum was examined by means of immunohistochemical method. After pretreatment with formic acid or proteinase K, formalin fixed-paraffin embedded tissue sections were incubated with antibodies (ABs) against plasma proteins such as amyloid P component, Ig G, albumin (Al), apolipoprotein E (Apo E), and lactotransferrin (Lf), and cellular proteins such as ubiquitin (Ubt), Tau-protein (Tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), CD68 (KP-1) and heparansulfate proteoglycan (HSG). The tissue sections were also incubated with antibodies against alanyl aminopeptidase-S (AAP-S) and alanyl aminopeptidase-N (AAP-N) without pretreatment. The VRS showed intensive reactivity with ABs against Amy P, AAP-S and AAP-N, moderate with ABs against Apo E and HSG, weak with ABs against Ig G, Al and Lf, feeble with ABs against Ubt, Tau and CD 68, and no with ABs against GFAP and MBP, respectively. Although the substances detected in VRS might be of blood plasma origin resulting from abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier, the mechanisms whereby the serum proteins and/or other substances are enriched in VRS remain incompletely understood.