[SALERNO HEALTH CODE AS A SOURCE OF MEDICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE].

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively disclose the meaning and relevance of the Salerno Health Code as a medieval source of medical and philosophical memo. In the process of writing a scientific article, the authors have used theoretical, empirical, and historical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, comparison, the historical method, and the description method. In addition, the analysis of medical legislation, publications in the media and scientific periodicals, allowed us to study the essence and features of the Salerno Health Code. The article gives reason to a correspondence between the treatment methods proposed by the Salerno Health Code and the methods of modern medicine and the reflection of the basic standards of sanitary and epidemic well-being. The individual components of the Salerno Health Code were analyzed, which contributed to the development of bioethical views on sanitation, gerontology, dietetic, pharmaceuticals, disease prevention, medicine philosophy and more. The attention is focused on the author's approach to the formation of a positive worldview by a person and its relationship with the state of his physical health. The author symbolism of the poetic presentation of medical and philosophical ideas is analyzed. The treatise considers the author's approach to the formation of a positive worldview by a person and his relationship with his state of health. The article notes insufficient attention to the work of Arnold de Villanova in the scientific works of modern Ukrainian scientists in medicine and the humanities, which determines the relevance of further scientific research aimed at revealing the importance and potential of this source of medical and philosophical knowledge. Noted the relevance of certain parts of the Salerno Health Code for solving the problems of modern medical science.

[Effect of extractive substances and total glycoside fraction from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on root growth of Cucumis sativus L. seedlings]. / Vliianie ékstraktivnykh veshchestv i summarnoi glikozidnoi fraktsii Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer na rost kornia prorostkov Cucumis sativus L.

We studied the effect of extractive substances (ES) and total glycoside fraction (TGF) from Panax ginseng on plant cell growth. The seeds of cucumber Cucumis sativus L., KIT variety, were used for the biological assay. The tested substances inhibited the primary root growth in Cucumis sativus seedlings. Actively growing seedlings were most sensitive to this effect.

[A comparative study of the hemolytic activity of triterpene polyols of the dammarane series]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie gemoliticheskoi aktivnosti triterpenovykh poliolov dammaranovogo riada.

We studied membranotropic effect of dammarane-type triterpenes (isolated from birch leaves) with a variable side chain structure, as well as the number and configuration of OH groups as a function of temperature and pH. Polyols with an acyclic side chain and four OH groups proved to have a higher hemolytic activity as compared to polyols with three or five hydroxyl groups. The triterpenes, with tetrahydrofurane cycle as the side chain, exert a hemolytic effect at a more acidic pH (5.0) and higher temperature (45 degrees C), as compared to the polyols with acyclic side chain. Irrespective of the side chain structure, the compounds with a 24(S) configuration lysed the erythrocytes at lower rate, as compared to the compounds with a 24(R) configuration.

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 9. The new preparation tizanox and an evaluation of its anti-Hymenolepis activity]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. 9. Novyi preparat tizanoks i otsenka ego protivogimenolepidoznoi aktivnosti.

The paper describes a procedure for manufacturing the new anthelminthic Tizanox. It shows it necessary to administer a larger dose of the drug than that of azinox (praziquantel) to treat experimental hymenolepiasis. However, the lower toxicity of Tizanox enhances its chemotherapeutical index.

Cytotoxicity of natural ginseng glycosides and semisynthetic analogues.

The cytotoxicity of natural glycosides from Ginseng, semisynthetic analogues and related triterpenes of the dammarane series, isolated from the leaves of the Far-East species of the genus Betula was studied in order to elucidate structure-activity relationships. Some of the compounds studied were active against the human lung carcinoma GLC4 and adenocarcinoma COLO 320 cell lines. The natural glycosides displayed the lowest cytotoxicity. The triterpenes of the dammarane series used as starting aglycones for semisynthetic derivatives were moderately cytotoxic. The dammarane triterpenes possessing keto groups and their semisynthetic glucosides were the most active compounds tested. Cytotoxic effects of the dammarane glucosides were inversely proportional both to the number of sugars attached to the aglycones and to the number of hydroxy groups of the aglycones. The type of side chain and the configuration of the hydroxy group at C-3 in aglycones did not have a significant influence on the cytotoxicity.

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 8. The preparation rilanid and its use for treating fascioliasis and intestinal nematodiases]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. 8. Preparat rilanid i ego primenenie dlia lecheniia fastsioleza i kishechnykh nematodozov.

A procedure has been developed to prepare the anthelminthic Rilanide as a fine-dispersed formulation. The therapeutical dose of the agent in fascioliasis and intestinal nematodiasis is 60 mg/kg (for sheep), if given alone, and 100 mg/kg, if added to feed.

Synthesis of ginsenoside Rg3, a minor constituent of Ginseng radix.

Glycosylation of 12beta-acetoxy-dammar-24-en-3beta,20(S)-diol (4), with hepta-O-acetyl-alpha-sophorosyl bromide (5) under catalysis by Ag2CO3 or Ag2O afforded a chromatographically unseparated mixture of the alpha- and beta-linked octaacetates 6 and 7 in an approximately 2.5:1 ratio. After deprotection and chromatographic purification, the free alpha- (8) and beta-glycosides (9) were obtained. Sophoroside 9 was identical in all respects with ginsenoside Rg3, the minor component of Ginseng Radix rubra. All compounds were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 7. Preparation G-1460 and its use for the treatment of monieziasis and intestinal nematodiases]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. 7. Preparat G-1460 i ego primenenie dlia lecheniia moniezioza i kishechnykh nematodozov.

A procedure was developed for the synthesis of the anthelminthic G-1460. The therapeutical doses (20 and 25 mg/kg) of the agent were defined for the treatment of monieziasis and gastrointestinal nematodes on an individual basis.

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 6. The development of a technology for producing the anthelmintic Azinox (praziquantel) and the evaluation of its toxic and anthelmintic properties]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. 6. Razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniia antigel'mintika Azinoksa (prazikvantelia) i otsenka ego toksicheskikh i protivogel'mintnykh svoistv.

The paper outlines a procedure for manufacturing the anthelminthic Azinox (biltricide) using the new interfacial transfer catalyst benzyl-di-propyl (beta-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride. Azinox has been shown to be identical to biltricide (praziquantel) in its properties. Azinox tests on models of Opisthorchis felineus in golden hamsters and of Hymenolepis nana in albino outbred mice have indicated that the agent is not inferior to biltricide in its antitrematodal and anticestodal activities. Azinox displayed a high activity at the preimaginal stages of O. felineus and H. nana and at the larval stage of H.nana.

[Immunomodulating activity of tetracyclic triterpene glycosides of the dammarane and holostane series]. / Izuchenie immunomoduliruiushchei aktivnosti tetratsiklicheskikh triterpenovykh glikozidov dammaranovogo i golostanovogo riada.

Immunomodulating activity of triterpene glycosides of the holostan series (holoturins A and B, holoturin A2 and holotoxin A1) and triterpene glycosides of the dammaran series (3-O-monoglycoside,12-O-monoglycoside and 20-O-monoglycoside of protopanaxadiol and 3-O-monoglycoside of betulafolientriol) was studied in vitro. In low concentrations the triterpene glycosides showed mitogenic activity and modulated the immune response. The similarity in the action of the glycosides was first of all observed with respect to the dose-dependent duality of their effects i.e. the diametrically opposite action of the high and low doses. The expression of the effects was likely determined by the chemical structure of the triterpene glycosides. Liberation of the soluble mediators served as a secondary signal to the clonal expansion and differentiation of the cells.

[The search for new antiparasitic agents. 12. The synthesis and study of the anti-Echinococcus and anti-Hymenolepis activity of 6-[4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)-phenylamino]-1,2,5-thiadazolo[3 ,4-h] quinolines]. / Izyskanie novykh protivoparazitarnykh sredstv. 12. Sintez i izuchenie protivoékhinokokkoznoi i protivogimenolepidoznoi aktivnosti 6-[4-(4-alkilpiperazinil-1)-fenilamino]-1,2,5-tiadiazolo[3,4-h] khinolinov.

The paper describes the synthesis of 6-[4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamino]-1,2,5-thiadiazolo[3,4-h ]quinolines where methyl (Drug G-1574) and ethyl (Drug G-1569) are alkyls. The two agents are as effective as mebendazole against the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Drug G-1574 has been demonstrated to ensure 100% recovery of spontaneously Hymenolepis nana-infected albino mice given doses 2.5-5 times lower than the effective dose of phenasal (niclosamide).

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 3. The development of a technology for producing the anthelmintic embovin (pyrantel embonate) in finely dispersed form and the evaluation of its anthelmintic properties]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. 3. Razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniia antigel'mintika émbovina (pirantelia émbonata) v melkodispersnoi forme i otsenka ego protivogel'mintnykh svoistv.

Manufacturing process for anthelmintic embovin in a micronized form have been developed. Embovin in the micronized form exhibited the highest activity.

[The technology for manufacturing antiparasitic preparations. 1. The development of a technology for producing the anthelmintic triklazan in finely dispersed form and the evaluation of its antinematodal, anticestodal and antitrematodal activities]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva protivoparazitarnykh preparatov. Soobshchenie 1. Razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniia antigel'mintika triklazana v melkodispersnoi forme i otsenka ego protivonematodnoi, protivotsestodnoi i protivotrematodnoi aktivnosti.

The authors describe the technology of preparing a new anthelmintic agent triclazan, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-sulfonyl)amino]-5- chlorobenzamide, finely dispersed (the particles size 4-8 mu). Triclazan is highly effective not only in hymenolepiasis and trichocephaliasis, as was shown previously, but in fascioliasis, monieziasis and intestinal nematodiasis of sheep as well.

Combination of HPLC and 252-Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry for identifying composition of ginseng tinctures.

The 252-Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry (252-Cf PDMS) determination or confirmation of the ginsenoside saponins has been proposed to investigate the composition of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks of ginseng tinctures and galenic preparations. That ionization technique is well suitable for the analysis of natural mixtures of these saponins. The 252-Cf PD mass spectra of standard ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rg1, Rd, NG-R2, Z-R1 contain the peaks of two types of ions, namely, molecular adduct ions (MAI) and aglycone ions. By mass the latter may be referred to either protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol. The masses of MAI and aglycone ions are determined by the carbohydrate chains. The collected HPLC fractions of P ginseng tincture can be tested for content of ginsenosides. After studying two MAI peaks from the 252-Cf PD mass spectra of the basic ginsenosides, an example of distinction between two galenic preparations from different Panax has been shown.

[The search for new antiparasitic agents. 10. The synthesis, toxicological and antimalarial properties of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a 4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1) phenylamine substituent (the preparation quinoprazine)]. / Izyskanie novykh protivoparazitarnykh sredstv. 10. Sintez, toksikologicheskkie i protivomaliariinye svoistva nekotorykh azotsoderzhashchikh geterotsiklov s 4-(4-alkilpiperazinil-1)fenilaminnym zamestitelem (preparat khinoprazin).

Synthesis is described and acute toxicity and antimalaria action is studied in new derivatives of quinoline and benzo(g)quinoline containing a 4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamine substitute. Only the derivatives of benzo(g)quinoline were found to have a high antimalaria effect and to have advantages over the standard agent chloroquine on their tolerance and protective action. One of the compounds, 4-[4-(4-ethylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamino] benzo(g)quinoline, named QUINOPRAZINE, showed some action against Plasmodium berghei chloroquine--resistant infection (isolate LN-K65). This agent was elected for further tests.