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The circadian clock represents a key timing system entrained by various periodic signals that ensure synchronization with the environment. Many investigations have pointed to the existence of two distinct circadian oscillators: one regulated by the light-dark cycle and the other set by feeding time. Blind cavefish have evolved under extreme conditions where they completely lack light exposure and experience food deprivation. Here, we have investigated feeding regulated clocks in two cavefish species, the Somalian cavefish Phreatichthys andruzzii and the Mexican cavefish Astyanax mexicanus, in comparison with the surface-dwelling zebrafish Danio rerio. Our results reveal that feeding represents an extremely strong synchronizer for circadian locomotor rhythmicity in subterranean cavefish. Indeed, we showed that consuming just one meal every 4 days is sufficient to entrain circadian rhythmicity in both cavefish species, but not in zebrafish. These profound adaptations to an extreme environment provide insight into the connections between feeding and circadian clocks.
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The effectiveness and safety of allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be affected by patient's immune recognition. Thus, MSC immunogenicity and their immunomodulatory properties are crucial aspects for therapy. Immune responses after allogeneic MSC administration have been reported in different species, including equine. Interactions of allogenic MSCs with the recipient's immune system can be influenced by factors like matching or mismatching for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between donor-recipient, and by the levels of MHC expression in MSCs. The latter can vary upon MSC inflammatory exposure or differentiation, such as chondrogenic induction, making both priming and differentiation interesting therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the systemic in vivo immune cellular response against allogeneic equine MSCs in these situations. Either MSCs in basal conditions (MSC-naïve), pro-inflammatory primed (MSC-primed) or chondrogenically differentiated (MSC-chondro) were repeatedly administered subcutaneously into autologous, MHC-matched or MHC-mismatched allogeneic equine recipients. At different time-points after each administration, lymphocytes were obtained from recipient horses and exposed in vitro to the same type of MSCs to assess the proliferative response of different T cell subsets (cytotoxic, helper, regulatory), B cells, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion. Higher proliferative response of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes and IFNγ secretion was observed in response to all types of MHC-mismatched MSCs over MHC-matched ones. MSC-primed produced the highest immune response, followed by MSC-naïve, and MSC-chondro. However, MSC-primed activated Treg and had a mild effect on B cells, and the response after their second administration was similar to the first one. On the other hand, both MSC-chondro and MSC-naïve barely induced Treg response but promoted B lymphocyte activation, and proportionally induced a higher cell response after the second administration. In conclusion, both the type of MSC conditioning and the MHC compatibility influenced systemic immune recognition of equine MSCs after single and repeated administrations, but the response was different. Selecting MHC-matched donors would be particularly recommended for MSC-primed and repeated MSC-naïve administrations. While MHC-mismatching in MSC-chondro would be less critical, B cell response should not be ignored. Comprehensively investigating the in vivo immune response against equine allogeneic MSCs is crucial for advancing veterinary cell therapies.
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Classical assessments of new fish feeds are anthropocentric, focusing mainly on growth. Although this methodology is accurate, it does not consider the fish' perspective. This study aimed to investigate the behavioural responses and feed preferences of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) through a self-selection trial using self-feeders. Both species were offered three feeds: a control (PD) commercial-like feed and two diets (ORG1 and ORG2) formulated with different inclusions of alternative ingredients to address some of the current environmental concerns and/or ethical issues often associated with commercial formulations. Three groups of tilapia with an average weight of 163.0 g ± 4.3 g (mean ± SD) and four groups of seabreams with 174.7 g ± 27.0 g were tested. Tilapia exhibited a preference for ORG2 (46.5%), influenced by the sensory properties of the feed and post-ingestion signals. Seabream did not show a preference for any feed. These findings highlight the effectiveness of self-selection experiments in allowing fish to express their feeding behaviour and preferences. Therefore, this approach should be considered in the initial screening and design of new aquaculture feeds and ingredients.
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Ração Animal , Ciclídeos , Dieta , Dourada , Animais , Dourada/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Aquicultura/métodos , Preferências Alimentares , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Livestock management is evolving into a new era, characterized by the analysis of vast quantities of data (Big Data) collected from both traditional breeding methods and new technologies such as sensors, automated monitoring system, and advanced analytics. Artificial intelligence (A-In), which refers to the capability of machines to mimic human intelligence, including subfields like machine learning and deep learning, is playing a pivotal role in this transformation. A wide array of A-In techniques, successfully employed in various industrial and scientific contexts, are now being integrated into mainstream livestock management practices. In the case of swine breeding, while traditional methods have yielded considerable success, the increasing amount of information requires the adoption of new technologies such as A-In to drive productivity, enhance animal welfare, and reduce environmental impact. Current findings suggest that these techniques have the potential to match or exceed the performance of traditional methods, often being more scalable in terms of efficiency and sustainability within the breeding industry. This review provides insights into the application of A-In in porcine breeding, from the perspectives of both sows (including welfare and reproductive management) and boars (including semen quality and health), and explores new approaches which are already being applied in other species.
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Inguinal hernias (IHs) and ruptures are a relatively common condition in horses, occurring in foals (congenital) and adult (acquired) animals. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 40 cases that underwent laparoscopic surgery to close the VRs using barbed sutures alone or combined with other techniques. Signalment, clinical presentation, surgery, and follow-up data were obtained. In total, fifty-nine VRs were closed using barbed sutures (alone or in combination with other methods), with six cases performed prophylactically and forty-four due to acquired IH. Of the forty-four cases with IH, four were non-strangulated hernias, while thirty presented with strangulated small intestines (twenty-eight acquired and two congenital). The results obtained in this study suggest that laparoscopic hernioplasty with barbed sutures is an effective and safe surgical procedure that could be recommended as a standard practice for managing inguinal hernias in horses, particularly when sparing testicles or preserving reproductive capabilities is a priority.
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The daily variations of temperature are one of the main synchronizers of the circadian rhythms. In addition, water temperature influences the embryonic and larval development of fish and directly affects their metabolic processes. The application of thermocycles to fish larvae has been reported to improve growth and the maturation of the digestive system, but their effects on metabolism are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different temperature regimes, cycling versus constant, on the daily rhythms of metabolic factors of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae. For this purpose, fertilized eggs were divided into two groups: one reared in a 31 °C:25 °C day:night thermocycle (TCY) and another group maintained in a constant 28 °C temperature (CTE). The photoperiod was set to a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. Samples were collected every 4 h during a 24-h cycle on days 4, 8 and 13 post fertilization (dpf). The expression levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) were analyzed by qPCR. Results showed that, in 13 dpf animals, most of the genes analyzed (alt, ast, malic, g6pd and pfk) showed daily rhythms in TCY, but not in the group kept at constant temperature, with most acrophases detected during the feeding period. An increase in nutrient metabolism around feeding time can improve food utilization and thus increase larval performance. Therefore, the use of thermocycles is recommended for tilapia larviculture.
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Ciclídeos , Ritmo Circadiano , Temperatura , Animais , Ciclídeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ciclídeos/metabolismo , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Ciclídeos/genética , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/metabolismo , Fotoperíodo , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismoRESUMO
We explored the potential influence of temperature and precipitation on the abundance of two nest-dwelling ectoparasites (blowflies and mites) of Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) during a period of 21 years and compared the results with those of a shorter period. The abundance of blowflies was negatively related to precipitation, which could prevent flies from locating their host, and laying date. In addition, blowflies were positively related to brood size (more food implies more parasites) and the interaction between precipitation and temperature. The highest abundances of blowfly pupae were attained in conditions of increasing precipitation and decreasing temperature, which should be more common at the beginning of the bird breeding season. Mites were significantly and positively related to laying date and the interaction between average precipitation and temperature but only for the larger dataset. Higher abundances of mites were related to intermediate values of temperature and precipitations, conditions that are found at the end of the breeding season. These results imply that optimal conditions for both parasites differ, with blowflies preferring earlier breeders and colder and more humid conditions than mites. Thus, the effects of the climatic conditions studied on parasite abundances are non-monotonic and can vary with years and parasite species. Finally, the fact that average temperature and precipitation decreases across the years of study is probably due to the advancement in Eurasian blue tit laying date because we calculated those variables for the period of birds' reproduction. This earlier nesting does not affect parasite abundance.
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In the ex situ conservation of chondrichthyan species, successful reproduction in aquaria is essential. However, these species often exhibit reduced reproductive success under human care. A key aspect is that conventional sperm analyses do not provide insights into the functional competence of sperm. However, proteomics analysis enables a better understanding of male physiology, gaining relevance as a powerful tool for discovering protein biomarkers related to fertility. The present work aims to build the first proteome database for shark semen and to investigate the proteomic profiles of seminal plasma and spermatozoa from small-spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) related to the underlying adaptations to both natural and aquarium environments, thereby identifying the reproductive impact in aquarium specimens. A total of 305 seminal plasma and 535 spermatozoa proteins were identified. Among these, 89 proteins (29.2% of the seminal plasma set) were common to both spermatozoa and seminal plasma. In the seminal plasma, only adenosylhomocysteinase protein showed differential abundance (DAP) between wild and aquarium animals. With respect to the spermatozoa proteins, a total of 107 DAPs were found between groups. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis highlighted the primary functional roles of these DAPs involved in oxidoreductase activity. Additionally, KEGG analysis indicated that these DAPs were primarily associated with metabolic pathways and carbon metabolism. In conclusion, we have successfully generated an initial proteome database for S. canicula seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Furthermore, we have identified protein variations, predominantly within spermatozoa, between aquarium and wild populations of S. canicula. These findings provide a foundation for future biomarker discovery in shark reproduction studies. However, additional research is required to determine whether these protein variations correlate with reproductive declines in captive sharks.
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Mass violence events, especially in healthcare settings, have devastating consequences and long-lasting effects on the victims and the community. The rate of violent events in Mexico, especially in hospital settings, has increased since 2006, but has become more evident in 2018. Guanajuato State, located in central Mexico, is among the states most affected by the wave of violence, especially active shooter events. The year 2019 had the highest number of incidents. Therefore, the Silver Code and the components of Safe Hospitals, in accordance with the Hartford consensus and PAHO guidelines, were implemented in the hospitals of the Institute of Public Health of the State of Guanajuato, with a focus on the actions of healthcare personnel to prevent collateral damage. Although subsequently there were still fatalities and injuries in the events involving active shooters in the hospitals, there were no casualties among healthcare personnel, according to data from the Institute of Public Health, Guanajuato State. This paper presents information from the data from General Directorate of Epidemiology to describe the hospital mass violence situation in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico and recounts the step taken to effectively manage and prevent these situations moving forward. Specific recommendations based on international consensus and our experience provided include increasing the level of security checks for people entering the hospital premises, training healthcare personnel on violence-related preparedness and improving management of active shooter events consistent with published evidence, to reduce the possibility of casualties.
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Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Armas de Fogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/mortalidade , Incidentes com Feridos em Massa/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Purpose: This study explores the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Patients and Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study (May 2019-December 2022) included participants from the Mexican multicenter cohort study Cuido mi Embarazo (CME). Women were classified into four groups per 75-g 2-h OGTT: 1) normal glucose tolerance (normal OGTT), 2) GDM-Sensitivity (isolated abnormal fasting or abnormal fasting in combination with 1-h or 2-h abnormal results), 3) GDM-Secretion (isolated abnormal values at 1-h or 2-h or their combination), and 4) GDM-Mixed (three abnormal values). Cesarean delivery, neonates large for gestational age (LGA), and pre-term birth rates were among the outcomes compared. Between-group comparisons were analyzed using either the t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. Results: Of 2,056 Mexican pregnant women in the CME cohort, 294 (14.3%) had GDM; 53.7%, 34.4%, and 11.9% were classified as GDM-Sensitivity, GDM-Secretion, and GDM-Mixed subtypes, respectively. Women with GDM were older (p = 0.0001) and more often multiparous (p = 0.119) vs without GDM. Cesarean delivery (63.3%; p = 0.02) and neonate LGA (10.7%; p = 0.078) were higher in the GDM-Mixed group than the overall GDM group (55.6% and 8.4%, respectively). Pre-term birth was more common in the GDM-Sensitivity group than in the overall GDM group (10.2% vs 8.5%, respectively; p=0.022). At 6 months postpartum, prediabetes was more frequent in the GDM-Sensitivity group than in the overall GDM group (31.6% vs 25.5%). Type 2 diabetes was more common in the GDM-Mixed group than in the overall GDM group (10.0% vs 3.3%). Conclusion: GDM subtypes effectively stratified maternal and perinatal risks. GDM-Mixed subtype increased the risk of cesarean delivery, LGA, and type 2 diabetes postpartum. GDM subtypes may help personalize clinical interventions and optimize maternal and perinatal outcomes.
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Decellularization is an innovative method to create natural scaffolds by removing all cellular materials while preserving the composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The obtention of decellularized reproductive organs in cats might facilitate the development of assisted reproductive techniques not only in this species but also in other felids. The aim was to compare the efficiency of three decellularization protocols on reproductive organs (ovary, oviduct, and uterine horn) in domestic cats. The decellularization protocol involved 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1%Triton X-100. Protocol 1 (P1) entailed 2-cycles of decellularization using these detergents. Protocol 2 (P2) was like P1 but included 3-cycles. Protocol 3 (P3) was similar to P2, with the addition of deoxyribonuclease incubation. Reproductive organs from nine cats were separated into two sides. One side served as the control (non-decellularized organ) while the contralateral side was the treated group (decellularized organ). The treated organs were subdivided into 3 groups (n = 3 per group) for each protocol. Both control and treated samples were analyzed for DNA content, histology (nuclear and ECM (collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)) density), ultrastructure by electron microscopy, and cytotoxicity. The results of the study showed that P3 was the only protocol that displayed no nucleus residue and significantly reduced DNA content in decellularized samples (in all the studied organs) compared to the control (P < 0.05). The ECM content in the ovaries remained similar across all protocols compared with controls (P > 0.05). However, elastic fibers and GAGs decreased in decellularized oviducts (P < 0.05), while collagen levels remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Regarding the uterus, the ECM content decreased in decellularized uterine horns from P3 (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed that the microarchitecture of the decellularized samples was maintained compared to controls. The decellularized tissues, upon being washed for 24 h, showed cytocompatibility following co-incubation with sperm. In conclusion, when comparing different decellularization methods, P3 proved to be the most efficient in removing nuclear material from reproductive organs compared to P1 and P2. P3 demonstrated its success in decellularizing ovarian samples by significantly decreasing DNA content while maintaining ECM components and tissue microarchitecture. However, P3 was less effective in maintaining ECM contents in decellularized oviducts and uterine horns.
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Matriz Extracelular , Útero , Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Útero/citologia , Ovário/citologia , Ovário/ultraestrutura , Oviductos/citologia , Oviductos/ultraestrutura , DNA/análise , Octoxinol , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Matriz Extracelular Descelularizada/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. The etiology of CVD is often associated with multiple risk factors, with environmental factors receiving considerable attention. Individuals with precarious jobs are among the groups most affected by chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate occupational exposure to heavy metals among individuals in precarious job settings and investigate atherogenic indices as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: A total of 137 workers participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in three work environments in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Urine and blood samples were collected to assess metal exposure and biochemical profiles, including atherogenic indices. RESULTS: The results showed that workers in the brick sector exhibited the highest levels of metal exposure, particularly arsenic (44.06 µg/L), followed by stonecutters and garbage collectors (24.7 and 16.9 µg/L, respectively). Similarly, Castelli risk index (CRI) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were higher in brickmakers (3.883 and 0.499) compared to stonecutters (3.285 and 0.386) and garbage collectors (3.329 and 0.367). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of exposure to heavy metals was observed in the three populations, in addition to the fact that individuals with greater exposure to arsenic also exhibited higher CRI and AIP.
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Arsênio , Aterosclerose , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Metais Pesados , Humanos , Arsênio/toxicidade , Arsênio/urina , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais Pesados/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
Eggs and embryo manipulation is an important biotechnological challenge to enable positioning, entrapment, and selection of reproductive cells to advance into a new era of nature-like assisted reproductive technologies. Oviductin (OVGP1) is an abundant protein in the oviduct that binds reversibly to the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix that surrounds eggs and embryos. Here, the study reports a new method coupling OVGP1 to magnetic nanoparticles (NP) forming a complex (NPOv). NPOv specifically surrounds eggs and embryos in a reversible manner. Eggs/embryos bound to NPOv can be moved or retained when subjected to a magnetic force, and interestingly only mature-competent eggs are attracted. This procedure is compatible with normal development following gametes function, in vitro fertilization, embryo development and resulting in the birth of healthy offspring. The results provide in vitro proof-of-concept that eggs and embryos can be precisely guided in the absence of physical contact by the use of magnets.
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Zona Pelúcida , Zona Pelúcida/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Embrião de Mamíferos , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Óvulo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Técnicas de Reprodução AssistidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies describe an inverse statistical relationship between the presence of an allergy and development of cancer. However, the immunological mechanism involved in the relationship between these two degenerative diseases has not been explored. AIMS: The main objective of this study was to explore the possibility that the lymphocyte T helper (Th) 2 response, a characteristic of allergy, induces recognition of tumor antigens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma were included. Histopathological markers related to proliferation of tumor cells were determined (Her-2-neu, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor). IHC was performed using IgE antibodies purified from an allergy patient and from each biopsy donor patient. Serum concentrations of cytokines representative of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses were determined. A total of 14 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma were included. IHC performed on biopsies showed a weak response when using purified IgE antibodies from an allergy patient; however, IHC using the IgE of each patient as the primary antibody showed an intense and highly specific signal. Serum concentrations of cytokines of the Th2 response, that is, IL-4 (130.5 pg/mL (116-135 pg/mL)), IL-5 (202 pg/mL (191-213 pg/mL)), and IL-13 (105.5 pg/mL (98-117 pg/mL)), were significantly higher than those of the Th1 response, that is, IL-6 (86 pg/mL (79-90 pg/mL)) and INF-γ (93 pg/mL (79-99 pg/mL)). CONCLUSION: Purified IgE antibodies specifically recognize tumor cells in breast ductal carcinoma.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama , Hipersensibilidade , Humanos , Feminino , Células Th2 , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Citocinas , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina ERESUMO
The semen of boar is characterized by ejaculation in well-differentiated fractions with specific concentration, composition, and volume. The 'sperm-rich fraction' (SRF), the most concentrated seminal fraction, is habitually collected in insemination centers to make artificial insemination (AI) doses. The absence of the other fractions in AI doses could alter the uterine reaction to AI and not trigger essential responses that could maximize fertility. Thus, there is an urge to ascertain the impact of different ejaculate fractions on the uterus after AI to optimize the semen doses. This work analyzed specific parameters related to fertility in pregnant artificially inseminated sows (n = 15) with ac-cumulative fractions of the semen of boars (n = 6): F1, composed of the sperm-rich fraction (SRF); F2, composed of F1 plus the intermediate fraction; F3, composed of F2 plus the post-SRF. Non-inseminated sows (n = 5) were included as control (C). The different types of seminal dose did not affect the number of ovulated follicles (CL; corpora lutea, p > 0.05) but did affect the embryo development (p < 0.05). The proportion of embryos in morula stages was significantly higher in AI-F1 sows (84.4%, p < 0.05). Morulas and blastocysts were balanced in AI-F2 or AI-F3 (p > 0.05). Independently of the type of seminal dose (F1, F2, or F3), we observed by immunohistochemistry that AI significantly increased uterine vascularization, although with some anatomical differences. The cranial region of the uterine horns was significantly more vascularized in AI-F1 or AI-F2 sows (26.7 ± 2.3 and 28.6 ± 2.0%, respectively), and AI-F3 showed significantly less vascularization at that point (17.8 ± 1.6%, p < 0.05). To summarize, the synergistic effect of all ejaculate fractions accelerates embryo development, at least during the preimplantation period, and increases the uterine reaction to AI in certain parts of the uterus.
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Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Gravidez , Suínos , Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Útero/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Desenvolvimento EmbrionárioRESUMO
In previous studies, we demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Heliopsis longipes roots and its main alkamide, affinin, elicit a vasorelaxant effect through a mechanism involving activation of the gasotransmitter pathways and stimulation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether the EEH and affinin are capable of lowering high blood pressure. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the oral administration of the EEH and affinin on the systolic blood pressure of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive rats and to explore the participation of cannabinoid receptors and transient receptor potential channels in the mechanism of action of this alkamide. Our results showed that the ethanolic extract of H. longipes and affinin significantly lowered systolic blood pressure and induced an improvement in endothelial function, which is associated with increased serum nitric oxide levels. Inhibition of cannabinoid type 1 receptors by rimonabant (3 mg/kg), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channels by HC-030031 (8 mg/kg), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels by capsazepine (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the antihypertensive effect induced by affinin, suggesting that the blood pressure-lowering effect of this alkamide involves activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels.
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Anti-Hipertensivos , Canabinoides , Alcamidas Poli-Insaturadas , Ratos , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Receptores de Canabinoides , Anquirinas , Capsaicina , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPV , Receptor CB1 de CanabinoideRESUMO
Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental xenobiotic; the primary sources of exposure to this metal are artisanal gold mining and the direct production of mercury. In Mexico, artisanal mercury mining continues to be an important activity in different regions of the country. Exposure to mercury vapors releases can have severe health impacts, including immunotoxic effects such as alterations in cytokine profiling. Therefore, in the present work, we evaluated the inflammatory cytokines profile in the blood serum of miners exposed to mercury. A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 27 mining workers (exposed group) and 20 control subjects (nonexposed group) from central Mexico. The mercury urine concentration (U-Hg) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured using a Multiplex Assay. The results showed that the U-Hg in the miners had a median value of 552.70 µg/g creatinine. All cytokines showed a significant increase in the miner group compared with the control group, except for TNF-α. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between U-Hg concentration and cytokine levels. In conclusion, mercury exposure correlated with cytokine levels (considered acute inflammatory marker) in miners; therefore, workers exposed to this metal show an acute systemic inflammation that could lead to alterations in other organs and systems.
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Mercúrio , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Mercúrio/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Citocinas , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Estudos Transversais , Soro/química , Mineração , OuroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Follicular lymphoma (FL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL). Median survival for iNHL is approximately 20 years. Because standard treatments are not curative, patients often receive multiple lines of therapy with associated toxicity-rationally designed, combination therapies with curative potential are needed. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide was evaluated in combination with rituximab for the frontline treatment of FL in the phase 3 RELEVANCE study. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in NHL and was evaluated in combination with lenalidomide, rituximab, and ibrutinib (IRR) in a phase 1 study. METHODS: The authors conducted an open-label, phase 2 clinical trial of IRR for previously untreated FL and MZL. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 months. RESULTS: This study included 48 participants with previously untreated FL grade 1-3a (N = 38), or MZL (N = 10). Participants received 12, 28-day cycles of lenalidomide (15 mg, days 1-21 cycle 1; 20 mg, cycles 2-12), rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly in cycle 1; day 1 cycles 2-12), and ibrutinib 560 mg daily. With a median follow-up of 65.3 months, the estimated PFS at 24 months was 78.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.0%-91.4%) and 60-month PFS was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.6%-76.4%). One death occurred unrelated to disease progression. Grade 3-4 adverse events were observed in 64.6%, including 50% with grade 3-4 rash. CONCLUSIONS: IRR is highly active as frontline therapy for FL and MZL. Compared to historical results with lenalidomide and rituximab, PFS is similar with higher grade 3-4 toxicity, particularly rash. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02532257).
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Adenina/análogos & derivados , Exantema , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B , Linfoma Folicular , Piperidinas , Humanos , Rituximab , Lenalidomida/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Exantema/induzido quimicamente , Exantema/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The aim of the study was to evaluate renal function in three groups of precarious workers: garbage recyclers (REC), quarry workers (CAN), and brick makers (LAD). Samples of urine and blood were collected to evaluate clinical parameters and the metal levels in urine was measured using ICP-MS. REC group had the highest concentrations of chromium in urine (36.03 ± 27.2 µg/l) compared to CAN and LAD groups. Mercury concentrations were higher in the LAD group (3.7 ± 0.8 µg/l). Additionally, arsenic was detected in both CAN and REC groups (25.4 ± 26.2 and 19.09 ± 16.7 µg/l, respectively), while arsenic concentrations in LAD were higher (47.2 ± 30.8 µg/l). In kidney biomarkers, ß2-microglobulin concentrations were higher in the REC group (87867 ± 115159.5 ng/g UCr). Similarly, cystatin-C concentrations were higher in the REC group (32795.61 ± 34965.8 ng/g UCr). The data suggests that precarious workers are exposed to heavy metals and have elevated protein levels that contribute to kidney damage.
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Arsênio , Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Humanos , Arsênio/análise , México , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Mercúrio/toxicidade , Rim/químicaRESUMO
Mesospheric Green emissions from excited Oxygen in Sprite Tops (ghosts) are infrequent and faint greenish transient luminous events that remain for hundreds of milliseconds on top of certain energetic sprites. The main hypothesis to explain this glow persistence is the long lifetime of excited atomic oxygen at 557.73 nm, a well-known emission line in aurora and airglow. However, due to the lack of spectroscopic campaigns to analyse such events to date, the species involved in the process can not yet be identified. Here we report observational results showing the temporal evolution of a ghost spectrum between 500 nm and 600 nm. Besides weak -but certain- traces of excited atomic oxygen, our results show four main contributors related to the slow decay of the glow: atomic iron and nickel, molecular nitrogen and ionic molecular oxygen. Additionally, we are able to identify traces of atomic sodium, and ionic silicon, these observations being consistent with previous direct measurements of density profiles of meteoric metals in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. This finding calls for an upgrade of current air plasma kinetic understanding under the influence of transient luminous events.