Assessing the quality of constructed technosols enabled holistic monitoring of ecological restoration.

The soil quality index (SQI) serves as a general ecological restoration indicator, however, statistics approaches that accurately assess the minimum data set (MDS) for SQI remain susceptible. The present study aims to evaluate the short-term reclamation results at the Ferro-Carvão stream and propose a system for ecological restoration monitoring, by selecting influential attributes and indexing soil quality. We hypothesized that the reclamation activities at the Ferro-Carvão stream, referred to as the "Marco zero" (MZ) area, can bring its soil quality to levels comparable to those of the native area. We collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from transects of MZ and reference sites (R1 and R2). Principal component analysis showed the MDS for each soil depth. Permutational analysis of variance, in conjunction with Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling, exposed relationships between transects of areas. An additive non-linear factorial algorithm allowed SQI assessment. The results indicated a similar soil quality between transects of areas at 0-20 cm depth, whereas a dissimilarity at 20-40 cm. To sum up, reclamation activities allowed MZ-constructed Technosol to present a soil quality similar to native areas. The soil quality assessment at both depths offered insights into reclamation activities' immediate and long-term impacts on the Ferro-Carvão stream. This robust framework effectively monitors ecological restoration progress and guides future efforts in post-mining and post-dam collapse sites.

A spatio-temporal analysis of fire occurrence patterns in the Brazilian Amazon.

Wildfires in the Amazon significantly impact the forest structure and carbon cycle. Understanding the patterns of fire occurrence is crucial for effective management. A novel spatio-temporal point process framework was used to analyze changes in fire occurrence patterns in the Brazilian Amazon. A dynamic representation of a Log Gaussian Cox process was used to model the intensity function, which was decomposed into trend, seasonality, cycles, covariates, and spatial effects. The results show a marked decrease in long-term fire occurrence movements between the start of the sample and 2012, followed by an increase until the end of the sample, attributed to governance measures and market mechanisms. Spatial variability of fire occurrence rates in the Brazilian Amazon was successfully captured, with regions having more dry seasons experiencing higher fire occurrence rates. This analysis provides valuable insights into fire occurrence patterns in the Amazon region and the factors driving them.

Bone strength is reduced in a neonatal androgenized rat model.

Background: Whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects bone health during a woman's lifespan remains controversial. An androgenized rodent model replicated many metabolic and reproductive features of women with PCOS, and we aimed to use it to investigate the impact of androgens on microarchitecture (by micro-CT), bone mechanical strength, bone formation and resorption markers in rats with intact ovaries (SHAM) who underwent oophorectomy. Methods: Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were employed for the experiments in this study. The protocol of androgenization consisted of the application of 1.25 mg s.c. testosterone propionate beteween days 2-5 of life, while the controls received the same amount of corn oil s.c. as previously established. Androgenized SHAM rats exhibited chronic anovulation identified by vaginal cytology and a reduction in the proportion of corpus luteum in the ovary in comparison to control SHAM rats. The realization of the ovariectomy or SHAM procedure occurred on Day 100 of life. All groups (n = 8) were followed-up for 180 days to address the study endpoints. Results: Micro-CT from androgenized female rats (SHAM) showed a divergence between the trabecular and cortical bone profiles. Compared to SHAM controls, these rats had an increase in trabecular bone mass with a diminution in bone resorption C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) (p < 0.05), a concomitant decrease in cortical area and thickness in the femur, and a reduction in the strength of the femur on the mechanical test (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a reduction in the cortical thickness and cortical area observed in PCOS model rats was associated with a reduced strength of the femur, despite increased trabecular formation. Ovariectomy in the androgenized OVX group limited the progression rate of cortical bone loss, resulting in bone resistance and cortical thickness comparable to those observed in the control OVX group.

Native multispecies and fast-growing forest root biomass increase C and N stocks in a reclaimed bauxite mining area.

This study is aimed at evaluating C and N stocks in fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in an area of bauxite mining under recovery with tree species. We have analyzed the long-term recovery of C and N stocks of organic matter fractions from five types of forest cover (Eucalyptus, Anadenanthera peregrina, mixed plantation of 16 native species, a mined area without vegetation cover as a control site, and a natural forest cover as a reference site). The total organic C (TOC) and N (TN) stocks and also organic matter fractions, particulate organic matter (POM), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), microbial biomass (MB), and labile C (LC), were determined, as well as the C/N ratio and the carbon management index (CMI). Although the stocks of TOC and LC, CMI, and MB did not differ between the types of forest cover in the 0-60 cm layer, they were lower than the values in the native forest. Forest cover increases the stocks of TOC, LC, MB, and CMI in the area of bauxite mining compared to the control site. In addition, we found that the TOC C and TN stocks and also SOM fractions (LC, C-MAOM, C-POM, N-MAOM, and N-POM) are positively correlated (r ≥ 0.71 for all cases) with volume of roots larger than 2 mm. Therefore, Eucalyptus, A. peregrina, and a mixed of 16 native trees contribute for restoring stocks of soil C and N following bauxite mining in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Robust trend estimation for COVID-19 in Brazil.

Estimating patterns of occurrence of cases and deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex problem. The incidence of cases presents a great spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and the mechanisms of accounting for occurrences adopted by health departments induce a process of measurement error that alters the dependence structure of the process. In this work we propose methods to estimate the trend in the cases of COVID-19, controlling for the presence of measurement error. This decomposition is presented in Bayesian time series and spatio-temporal models for counting processes with latent components, and compared to the empirical analysis based on moving averages. We applied time series decompositions for the total number of deaths in Brazil and for the states of São Paulo and Amazonas, and a spatio-temporal analysis for all occurrences of deaths at the state level in Brazil, using two alternative specifications with global and regional components.

Estimating spatiotemporal patterns of deaths by COVID-19 outbreak on a global scale.

OBJECTIVE: Our main objective is to estimate the trend of deaths by COVID-19 on a global scale, considering the six continents. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective observational study conducted using the secondary data provided by the Our World in Data project on a public domain. SETTING: This study was conducted based on worldwide deaths by COVID-19 recorded for the Our World in Data project from 29 February 2020 to 17 February 2021. METHODS: Estimating the trend in COVID-19 deaths is not a trivial task due to the problems associated with the COVID-19 data, such as the spatial and temporal heterogeneity, observed seasonality and the delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis, indicating a relevant measurement error problem and changing the series' dependency structure. To bypass the aforementioned problems, we propose a method to estimate the components of trend, seasonality and cycle in COVID-19 data, controlling for the presence of measurement error and considering the spatial heterogeneity. We used the proposed model to estimate the trend component of deaths by COVID-19 on a global scale. RESULTS: The model was able to capture the patterns in the occurrence of deaths related to COVID-19, overcoming the problems observed in COVID-19 data. We found compelling evidence that spatiotemporal models are more accurate than univariate models to estimate the patterns of the occurrence of deaths. Based on the measures of dispersion of the models' prediction in relation to observed deaths, it is possible to note that the models with spatial component are significantly superior to the univariate model. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the spatial dynamics have an important role in the COVID-19 epidemic process since the results provided evidence that spatiotemporal models are more accurate to estimate the general patterns of the occurrence of deaths related to COVID-19.

Functional Response and Predation Rate of Dicyphus cerastii Wagner (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Dicyphine mirids are important biological control agents (BCAs) in horticultural crops. Dicyphus cerastii Wagner can be found in protected tomato crops in Portugal, and has been observed feeding on several tomato pests. However, the predation capacity of this species is poorly studied. In order to investigate the predation capacity of D. cerastii, and how it is affected by prey size and mobility, we evaluated the functional response (FR) and predation rate of female predators on different densities of four prey species: Myzus persicae 1st instar nymphs (large mobile prey), Bemisia tabaci 4th instar nymphs, Ephestia kuehniella eggs (large immobile prey) and Tuta absoluta eggs (small immobile prey). Experiments were performed on tomato leaflets in Petri dish arenas for 24 h. Dicyphus cerastii exhibited type II FR for all prey tested. The predator effectively preyed upon all prey, consuming an average of 88.8 B. tabaci nymphs, 134.4 E. kuehniella eggs, 37.3 M. persicae nymphs and 172.3 T. absoluta eggs. Differences in the FR parameters, attack rate and handling time, suggested that prey size and mobility affected predation capacity. Considering the very high predation rates found for all prey species, D. cerastii proved to be an interesting candidate BCA for tomato crops.

Ovariectomy Improves Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Marker Disruption in Androgenized Rats: Possible Approach to Postmenopausal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: This study aims to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress markers in a postmenopausal rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Wistar rats were divided in four groups: control ovariectomized (OVX; n = 9), control SHAM (n = 9), androgenized OVX (n = 10), and androgenized SHAM (n = 10). Female rats were androgenized during the neonatal period and compared with controls. Surgery (ovariectomy or SHAM procedure) was performed at day 100 and euthanasia at day 180 of life. Bodyweight, lipids, glucose, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status [TOS], total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, ferric-reducing ability of plasma [FRAP], and advanced oxidation protein product) were addressed. Results: Androgenized SHAM rats exhibited a higher total, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, TyG index (an insulin resistance marker), and increased TOS, FRAP, and albumin in comparison with control SHAM rats. These abnormalities disappeared after ovariectomy despite the fact that ovariectomized androgenized rats became heavier than the other three groups. Conclusion: Ovariectomy improved metabolic and oxidative stress markers in a rat model of PCOS.

Adipose-derived stem cells improve full-thickness skin grafts in a rat model.

To investigate the effects of heterologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on autologous full-thickness skin grafts, we designed a first-intention healing model using Wistar rats. We harvested and sutured two full-thickness skin grafts in the dorsal recipient beds of 15 rats, randomized into three groups. In the treatment group, 1 × 106 ADSCs resuspended in saline solution (200 µL) were administered subcutaneously to the skin graft. The control group received only saline solution subcutaneously, whereas the negative control group did not receive any treatment. Compressive dressings were maintained until postoperative day 5. The grafts were assessed by two observers, who checked for the presence of epidermolysis on day 14. Planimetry showed the relative areas of normal skin, redness, ulceration, and contraction. Graft samples were obtained on day 14 and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. Epidermal analysis evaluated thickening, keratosis, acanthosis, hydropic degeneration, and inflammatory infiltrate. Dermal evaluation investigated the absence of hair follicles, granulation tissue formation, presence of inflammatory infiltrate, and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry was performed for dermal anti-VEGF and epidermal anti-Ki-67 staining. The ADSC group presented better macroscopic aspects, lower incidence of epidermolysis, and less loss of hair follicles. In addition, the ADSC group presented the lowest frequency of histopathological changes in the dermis and epidermis, as well as the largest subcutaneous and granulation tissue VEGF averages and the weakest Ki-67 staining of the epidermal basal layer. Subcutaneous administration of ADSCs may improve the integration of skin grafts, reducing the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Para além da punição: (re)construindo o conceito de responsabilização socioeducativa / Going beyond the punishment: (re)building the responsibility socioeducacional concept / Más allá de la sanción: (re)construyendo el concepto de responsabilidad socioeducacional

O presente artigo discute o conceito de responsabilização juvenil, a partir doEstatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), da Lei 12.594 que institui oSistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo e da filosofia, e considera os impactos da polissemia do termo sobre a apropriação que dele fazem os operadores do sistema socioeducativo. Os documentos normativos fazem menção a diferentes formas de responsabilização, vistas como alternativas não punitivas no processo socioeducativo, sem que apresentem uma definição clara desses termos. A imprecisão do conceito pode estar contribuindo, no processo histórico, para a manutenção do caráter coercivo, aflitivo e punitivo, frequentemente presentes na execução de medidas socioeducativas. Para chegar a uma compreensão mais clara da questão, procedeu-se inicialmente a análise documental de textos legais que tratam do processo de responsabilização socioeducativa. No segundo momento,realizou-se pesquisa quali-quantitativa, em que um instrumento do tipo escala Lickert foi aplicado entre operadores do sistema socioeducativo. Os resultados evidenciam que a vinculação entre punição e culpabilização e as práticas promotoras de responsabilização socioeducativa, diz mais sobre ascrenças e as representações que seguem existindo dentro do sistemasocioeducativo do que a um não conhecimento das leis e normas que regem o sistema socioeducativo pelos profissionais. (AU)

This article discusses the concept of juvenile responsibility, from the Childand Adolescent Statute, the Law no. 12594, which established the NationalSystem of Socioeducational Care and the philosophy. Normative documentsmention the different forms of responsibility, seen as non-punitivealternatives in socioeducational process without presenting a clear definitionof these terms. The vagueness of the concept may be contributing, in the historical process, to maintain the coercive character, distressing andpunitive, often present in the execution of educational measures. To get a clearer understanding of the issue, we proceeded initially desk review of legal texts that address the socio responsibility process. In the secondphase, there was qualitative and quantitative research, in which a scaleLikert type instrument was applyto the professionals of the teen care system.The results show that the link between punishment, guilt and practices thatpromote socio responsibility, says more about the ideologies and representations continue to exist within the childcare system to a nonknowledgeof the laws and regulations governing childcare system by professionals. (AU)

Este artículo aborda el concepto de responsabilidad juvenil, del Estatuto delNiño y del Adolescente, la Ley 12.594 establece el Sistema Nacional de Servicios y la filosofía socio-educativo, y considera que la polisemia plazo de los impactos sobre la apropiación incluido en el mismo la los operadores de sistemas de cuidado de los niños. Documentos normativos mencionan lasdiferentes formas de rendición de cuentas, vistos como alternativas nopunitivas en proceso socio-educativo sin presentar una clara definición de estos términos. La vaguedad del concepto puede estar contribuyendo, en elproceso histórico, para mantener el carácter coercitivo, angustiante ypunitiva, a menudo presente en la ejecución de medidas educativas. Paraobtener una comprensión más clara de la cuestión, se procedió inicialmenteexamen teórico de los textos legales que abordan el proceso de responsabilidad socio. En la segunda fase, hubo una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, en la que se aplicó un instrumento tipo Likert de escala entre los operadores del sistema de cuidado de niños. Los resultados muestran que el vínculo entre el castigo y la culpa y prácticas que promueven la responsabilidad socio, dice más acerca de las ideologías y representaciones siguen existiendo en el sistema de cuidado de niños a un no-conocimiento de las leyes y reglamentos que rigen el sistema de cuidado de niñosprofesionales. (AU)

Para além da punição: (re)construindo o conceito de responsabilização socioeducativa / Going beyond the punishment: (re)building the responsibility socioeducacional concept / Más allá de la sanción: (re)construyendo el concepto de responsabilidad socioeducacional

O presente artigo discute o conceito de responsabilização juvenil, a partir do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), da Lei 12.594 que institui o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo e da filosofia, e considera os impactos da polissemia do termo sobre a apropriação que dele fazem os operadores do sistema socioeducativo. Os documentos normativos fazem menção a diferentes formas de responsabilização, vistas como alternativas não punitivas no processo socioeducativo, sem que apresentem uma definição clara desses termos. A imprecisão do conceito pode estar contribuindo, no processo histórico, para a manutenção do caráter coercivo, aflitivo e punitivo, frequentemente presentes na execução de medidas socioeducativas. Para chegar a uma compreensão mais clara da questão, procedeu-se inicialmente a análise documental de textos legais que tratam do processo de responsabilização socioeducativa. No segundo momento,realizou-se pesquisa quali-quantitativa, em que um instrumento do tipo escala Lickert foi aplicado entre operadores do sistema socioeducativo. Os resultados evidenciam que a vinculação entre punição e culpabilização e as práticas promotoras de responsabilização socioeducativa, diz mais sobre ascrenças e as representações que seguem existindo dentro do sistema socioeducativo do que a um não conhecimento das leis e normas que regem o sistema socioeducativo pelos profissionais

This article discusses the concept of juvenile responsibility, from the Childand Adolescent Statute, the Law no. 12594, which established the NationalSystem of Socioeducational Care and the philosophy. Normative documentsmention the different forms of responsibility, seen as non-punitivealternatives in socioeducational process without presenting a clear definitionof these terms. The vagueness of the concept may be contributing, in the historical process, to maintain the coercive character, distressing andpunitive, often present in the execution of educational measures. To get a clearer understanding of the issue, we proceeded initially desk review of legal texts that address the socio responsibility process. In the secondphase, there was qualitative and quantitative research, in which a scaleLikert type instrument was applyto the professionals of the teen care system.The results show that the link between punishment, guilt and practices thatpromote socio responsibility, says more about the ideologies and representations continue to exist within the childcare system to a nonknowledgeof the laws and regulations governing childcare system by professionals

Este artículo aborda el concepto de responsabilidad juvenil, del Estatuto delNiño y del Adolescente, la Ley 12.594 establece el Sistema Nacional de Servicios y la filosofía socio-educativo, y considera que la polisemia plazo de los impactos sobre la apropiación incluido en el mismo la los operadores de sistemas de cuidado de los niños. Documentos normativos mencionan lasdiferentes formas de rendición de cuentas, vistos como alternativas nopunitivas en proceso socio-educativo sin presentar una clara definición de estos términos. La vaguedad del concepto puede estar contribuyendo, en elproceso histórico, para mantener el carácter coercitivo, angustiante ypunitiva, a menudo presente en la ejecución de medidas educativas. Paraobtener una comprensión más clara de la cuestión, se procedió inicialmenteexamen teórico de los textos legales que abordan el proceso de responsabilidad socio. En la segunda fase, hubo una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, en la que se aplicó un instrumento tipo Likert de escala entre los operadores del sistema de cuidado de niños. Los resultados muestran que el vínculo entre el castigo y la culpa y prácticas que promueven la responsabilidad socio, dice más acerca de las ideologías y representaciones siguen existiendo en el sistema de cuidado de niños a un no-conocimiento de las leyes y reglamentos que rigen el sistema de cuidado de niñosprofesionales

The Impact of Pituitary Blockage with GnRH Antagonist and Gonadotrophin Stimulation Length on The Outcome of ICSI Cycles in Women Older than 36 Years.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether the length of pituitary blockage with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists or the stimulation period influence intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in patients older than 36 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 138 couples with maternal age >36 years undergoing ICSI with an antagonist protocol were included. The influences of stimulation and suppression length on the response to ovarian stimulation and ICSI outcomes were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of the stimulation period for achievement of implantation and pregnancy. RESULTS: THE GONADOTROPHIN STIMULATION LENGTH NEGATIVELY INFLUENCED THE IMPLANTATION RATE (RC: -4.200; p=0.023). The area under ROC curve (AUC) could distinguish between women with positive and negative implantation (AUC: 0.611; CI: 0.546-0.673) and pregnancy (AUC: 0.593; CI: 0.528-0.656). The threshold value demonstrated a high negative predictive value on likelihood of implantation (p=0.0032, 90% sensitivity) and pregnancy (p=0.0147, 87.1% sensitivity) when patients underwent more than 10 days of stimulation. CONCLUSION: The stimulation period negatively influences the implantation rate in women older than 36 years. A stimulation interval greater than 10 days is associated with a negative predictive value for the chance of implantation and pregnancy.

Pituitary suppression with a GnRHa short protocol in an alternate day schedule associated with rhCG microdoses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a comfortable short protocol with GnRH agonist (GnRHa) in alternate days, with a step down method of gonadotropins administration associated with hCG microdose for young patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. METHODS: This study evaluated 89 ICSI cycles performed in female patients aged <36 years. Patients were submitted to a short protocol with GnRHa schedule in the study group (n= 25) and to a long pituitary suppression protocol in the control group (n=64). RESULTS: The total dose of rFSH administered as well as estradiol levels on the day of hCG trigger were significantly lower in the short protocol group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the fertilization, high-quality embryos, implantation, pregnancy and miscarriage rates. However, mean ovarian stimulation cost (GnRHa short group: $2,397 ± $870.3 and control group: $3,197 ± $658.9, P <0.001) and mean ovarian stimulation cost per pregnancy (GnRHa short group: ($4,993 ± $1,813 and control group: $9,743 ± $2,008, P <0.001) were significantly lower in the GnRHa short group as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: In patients with normal ovarian response, pituitary suppression with a GnRHa short protocol in alternate days is less costly, requires lower gonadotropins doses and results in similar implantation and pregnancy rates as compared to a GnRHa long protocol.

Estimulação de nervos periféricos no tratamento das síndromes dolorosas crônicas / Peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic painful syndromes

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O uso da estimulação elétrica de nervos periféricos para o tratamento da dor crônica constitui um armamentário neurocirúrgico utilizado há bastante tempo, sendo uma modalidade indicada no tratamento das síndromes dolorosas de caráter neuropático, juntamente com outras formas de neuroestimulação: estimulação elétrica da coluna dorsal e a estimulação cerebral profunda. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relevância da estimulação nervosa periférica no tratamento das síndromes dolorosas crônicas. CONTEÚDO: A principal indicação é a dor neuropática crônica, intensa, refratária ao tratamento conservador. Apresenta, contudo, necessidade de a área acometida ter uma distribuição anatômica definida e relacionada ao nervo periférico no qual se deseja realizar a estimulação. Deve-se perceber também sinais de comprometimentoobjetivo do nervo. É necessária a realização de teste de neuroestimulação entre 7 e 10 dias previamente ao implante definitivo e deve-se obter melhora de pelo menos 50% da dor em escalas de avaliação específicas. Existem duas formas de implante de eletrodo em nervos periféricos: abordagem cirúrgica direta e técnica percutânea. Após o teste ser completado, é realizado o implante do sistema de gerador permanente. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da estimulação de nervos periféricos no tratamento das síndromes dolorosas crônicas tem mostrado resultados promissores. O desenvolvimento de novos materiais é extremamente necessário para a evolução da técnica e o tratamento dessas síndromes dolorosas crônicas. Nesse sentido, novas próteses estão sendo desenvolvidas e uma das características de implante mais viável para uso no sistema nervoso periférico seria uma prótese de baixo perfil, com bateria já implantada com os eletrodos e recarregável.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic pain is a neurosurgical armamentarium used for a long time, being indicated to treat neuropathic painful syndromes together with other types of nerve stimulation: dorsal column electric stimulation and deep cerebral stimulation. This study aimed at analyzing the relevance of peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic painful syndromes. CONTENTS: Primary indication is severe chronic neuropathic pain refractory to conservative treatment. However, the affected area needs to have a defined anatomic distribution and related to the peripheral nerve to be stimulated. One should also notice signs of objective involvement of the nerve. A nerve stimulation test shall be performed from 7 to 10 days prior to the final implant and pain must improve at least 50% according to specific evaluation scales. There are two methods to implant electrodes in peripheral nerves: direct surgical approach and percutaneous technique. After the test, the implant with permanent generator is performed. CONCLUSION: Peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic painful syndromes has shown promising results. The development of new materials is extremely necessary for the technical evolution and treatment of chronic painful syndromes. In this sense, new prostheses are being developed and one feature of a more feasible implant to be used in the peripheral nervous system would be low profile prosthesis with already implanted and rechargeable battery.

Aspectos envolvidos na interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo / Aspects involved in the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding

Verificar atual situação do aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores associados à sua interrupção em menores de 6 meses assistidospelas unidades de saúde do Riacho Fundo II–Distrito Federal.

This study aimed to identify the current status of exclusivebreastfeeding and the factors associated with early interruption in children under 6 months assisted by primary care units of Riacho FundoII-DF.

Eficácia do hCG em baixa dose para completar a estimulação ovariana iniciada com FSH recombinante / Efficacy of low dose hCG alone following recombinant FSH for controlled ovarian stimulation

O objetivo da presente comunicação é o de relatar os resultados de ciclos de FIV/ICSI com o emprego de FSH recombinante (r-FSH) durante todo o ciclo de estimulação e o uso de baixa dose de hCG isoladamente para completar a estimulação iniciada com r-FSH.

Tempo decorrido entre a primeira consulta e o tratamento definitivo nos casos de câncer de mama no Sistema de Saúde público da cidade de Jundiaí / The elapsed time from the first outpatient visit to the definitive treatment in breast cancer cases of public health system in the city of Jundiaí

Os autores avaliaram o tempo decorrido entre a primeira consulta nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde e o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama no Serviço de Mastologia na cidade de Jundiaí. Retrospectivamente, foram analisados os 80 novos casos de câncer de mama tratados no setor de mastologia do serviço público de Jundiaí, diagnosticados no ano de 2004, com análise do número de dias transcorridos entre a primeira consulta na UBS, a realização da mamografia e ultra-sonografia (se necessário), e a biópsia e o tratamento cirúrgico definitivo, por meio da avaliação de prontuários e dados informatizados ou entrevistas. Verificou-se que o tempo médio entre a primeira consulta e o tratamento cirúrgico foi de 270 dias. O maior intervalo de tempo ocorreu entre a realização da biópsia e a cirurgia definitiva: em média 79 dias. O agendamento da mamografia foi após aproximadamente dois meses. O intervalo entre o encaminhamento para o atendimento terciário e a consulta pelo especialista foi de 30 dias em média. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de atuação na rede pública de Saúde com o intuito de agilização do fluxograma de atendimento, diminuindo o tempo entre o rastreamento, o diagnóstico e o tratamento do câncer de mama, melhorando, assim, o prognóstico da doença.

The study aimed to evaluate the elapsed time from the first outpatient visit in the Health Basic Units to the surgical treatment of breast cancer in the Mastology Department, in Jundiaí, southeastem Brazil. The study included the evaluation of eighty new cases of breast cancer that were diagnosed in 2004 retrospectively and treated in the Mastology Department of Jundiaí Public Healthcare, with analysis of the number of time elapsed with the first outpatient visit in HBU, the execution of mammography and ultrasonography (if necessary), biopsy and definitive surgical treatment through medical records, computerized data or interview. It was found that the mean time from the first outpatient visit to the surgical treatment was 270 days. The bigger elapsed time between the biopsy execution and the definitive surgery was about 79 days. The mammography scheduling took about two months, and one month more to conduct the schedule to the specialized sector. The results ratify the need of better function in Public Health System in order to make the flow chart service more agile, reducing the time between the breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, improving in that way the disease prognosis.

Ocorrência de sinais clínicos disfágicos em pacientes com amiotrofia espinal progressiva do tipo II / The ocurrence of clinical dysphagia symptoms in patients suffering from type II progressive spinal atrophy

Objetiva verificar a ocorrência de sinais clínicos da disfagia na amiotrofia espinal progressiva do tipo II. Foram avaliados 12 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, sendo a idade mínima de 4a6m e máxima de 16a6m