RESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major risk factor of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effect of whole red raspberry (WRR) consumption on lipid metabolism was investigated in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), a model for the MetS. Male OZRs (n = 16) and their lean littermates (lean Zucker rat) (n = 16) at 8 weeks of age were placed on a control or an 8% WRR-enriched diet for 8 weeks. Plasma triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels, and hepatic concentration of TG were measured. The expression of nine genes related to lipid metabolism was evaluated, both in liver and adipose tissue. A WRR-enriched diet reduced plasma cholesterol and HDL-C and increased plasma TG, while it decreased hepatic TG accumulation in the OZR. The OZR assigned to a WRR exhibited upregulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) and downregulation of fatty acid synthase (Fas) expression in the liver. Results showed a decrease in accumulation of liver TG and gene expression modulation of enzymes and transcription factors associated with lipid metabolism, suggesting a possible hepatoprotective role of a WRR-enriched diet.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Rubus , Animais , Dieta , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Zucker , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
Cell migration is a critical process that is highly involved with normal and pathological conditions such as angiogenesis and wound healing. Important members of the RHO GTPase family are capable of controlling cytoskeleton conformation and altering motility characteristics of cells. There is a well-known relationship between small GTPases and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Endothelial cell migration can lead to angiogenesis, which is highly linked to wound healing processes. Phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins are major groups of phytochemicals and are abundant in many natural products. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, angiogenenic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective properties have been extensively documented. This comprehensive review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo role of berry extracts and single anthocyanin and phenolic acid compounds on cell migration and angiogenesis. We aim to summarize the most recent published studies focusing on the experimental model, type of berry extract, source, dose/concentration and overall effect(s) of berry extracts, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids on the above processes.