Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of chikungunya virus in Brazil.

The emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases in Brazil such as yellow fever, zika, chikungunya, and dengue have had serious impacts on public health. Concerns have been raised due to the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus across the country since its first detection in 2014 in Northeast Brazil. In this work, we carried out on-site training activities in genomic surveillance in partnership with the National Network of Public Health Laboratories that have led to the generation of 422 chikungunya virus genomes from 12 Brazilian states over the past two years (2021-2022), a period that has seen more than 312 thousand chikungunya fever cases reported in the country. These genomes increased the amount of available data and allowed a more comprehensive characterization of the dispersal dynamics of the chikungunya virus East-Central-South-African lineage in Brazil. Tree branching patterns revealed the emergence and expansion of two distinct subclades. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the northeast region has been the leading hub of virus spread towards other regions. Increased frequency of C > T transitions among the new genomes suggested that host restriction factors from the immune system such as ADAR and AID/APOBEC deaminases might be driving the genetic diversity of the chikungunya virus in Brazil.

Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of the chikungunya virus ECSA lineage in Brazil.

The emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases in Brazil such as Yellow Fever, Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue have had serious impacts on public health. Concerns have been raised due to the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) across the country since its first detection in 2014 in Northeast Brazil. Faced with this scenario, on-site training activities in genomic surveillance carried out in partnership with the National Network of Public Health Laboratories have led to the generation of 422 CHIKV genomes from 12 Brazilian states over the past two years (2021-2022), a period that has seen more than 312 thousand chikungunya fever cases reported in the country. These new genomes increased the amount of available data and allowed a more comprehensive characterization of the dispersion dynamics of the CHIKV East-Central-South-African (ECSA) lineage in Brazil. Tree branching patterns revealed the emergence and expansion of two distinct subclades. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the northeast region has been the leading hub of virus spread towards other regions. Increased frequency of C>T transitions among the new genomes suggested that host restriction factors from the immune system such as ADAR and AID/APOBEC deaminases might be driving CHIKV ECSA lineage genetic diversity in Brazil.

Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: The establishment of regional development poles in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil was characterized by industrial expansion and consequent concerns about the increase in the occurrence of diseases, specifically those having long latency periods, as is the case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Methods: The study included 367 patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia over a ten-year period at a reference treatment center. Records of patient charts and the TerraView software were used, respectively, for data collection and geographic mapping of the cases from the twelve established State development regions. Results: A total incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants was found, with a predominance of the disease among males, a median age of 47 years, a mestizo ethnicity, with elementary schooling and residence in urban area. Microregional incidence varied, but there was no significant variation in numbers over the years, and no relevant socio-environmental determinants were identified. Conclusion: The present study determined the incidence and characterized the spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cases over a decade in a northeastern Brazilian state. The variation in the incidence rate by region of development is compatible with a homogeneous distribution of the cases. The work is a baseline study to be used for present and future analyses of the impact of the state economic development poles and the occurrence of this chronic malignant disease.

Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The establishment of regional development poles in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil was characterized by industrial expansion and consequent concerns about the increase in the occurrence of diseases, specifically those having long latency periods, as is the case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. METHODS: The study included 367 patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia over a ten-year period at a reference treatment center. Records of patient charts and the TerraView software were used, respectively, for data collection and geographic mapping of the cases from the twelve established State development regions. RESULTS: A total incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants was found, with a predominance of the disease among males, a median age of 47 years, a mestizo ethnicity, with elementary schooling and residence in urban area. Microregional incidence varied, but there was no significant variation in numbers over the years, and no relevant socio-environmental determinants were identified. CONCLUSION: The present study determined the incidence and characterized the spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cases over a decade in a northeastern Brazilian state. The variation in the incidence rate by region of development is compatible with a homogeneous distribution of the cases. The work is a baseline study to be used for present and future analyses of the impact of the state economic development poles and the occurrence of this chronic malignant disease.

Frequência de diagnósticos de enfermagem em uma clínica cirúrgica / Frecuencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en una clínica quirúrgica / Frequency of nursing diagnoses in a surgical clinic

Objetivo identificar a frequência dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem em pacientes de uma clinica cirúrgica. Métodos pesquisa transversal, realizada com 99 pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia geral. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário validado segundo os domínios da NANDA Internacional, incluindo exame físico e laboratorial. Resultados foram encontrados 17 diagnósticos de enfermagem, oito apresentaram frequência maior que 50,0% (Risco de infecção, Integridade tissular prejudicada, Risco de constipação, Ansiedade, Risco de sangramento, Dor aguda, Recuperação cirúrgica retardada, Motilidade gastrointestinal disfuncional). Observou-se em todos os pacientes os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem de: Risco de infecção, Integridade tissular prejudicada e risco de constipação. Conclusão a frequência dos diagnósticos mais prevalentes encontra-se inseridos nos domínios segurança/proteção e nutrição, o que determina a necessidade de redirecionar os cuidados de enfermagem, priorizando a clínica do paciente.

Objetivo identificar la frecuencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes de una clínica quirúrgica. Métodos estudio transversal, realizado con 99 pacientes en el postoperatorio de cirugía general. Datos recolectados a través de un cuestionario validado según los dominios de la NANDA Internacional, incluyendo examen físico y de laboratorio. Resultados se encontraron 17 diagnósticos de enfermería, ocho tenían frecuencia superior a 50,0% (Riesgo de infección, Integridad del tejido perjudicado, Riesgo de estreñimiento, Ansiedad, Riesgo de sangrado, Dolor agudo, Recuperación quirúrgica demorada, Motilidad gastrointestinal disfuncional). Se observó en todos los pacientes de los Diagnósticos de Enfermería: Riesgo de infección, Integridad del tejido perjudicado y riesgo de estreñimiento. Conclusión la frecuencia de los diagnósticos más frecuentes se introduce en los dominios de seguridad/protección y nutrición, lo que determina la necesidad de desviar la atención de enfermería, priorizando clínica del paciente.

Objective to identify the frequency of Nursing Diagnoses of patients in a surgical clinic. Methods cross-sectional study, performed with 99 patients in the postoperative of general surgery. Data were collected through a questionnaire validated according to domains of NANDA International, including physical and laboratory examination. Results 17 nursing diagnoses were found; eight had a frequency higher than 50.0% (infection risk, impaired tissue integrity, constipation risk, anxiety, bleeding risk, acute pain, delayed surgical recovery, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility). It was observed in all patients the Nursing Diagnostics: risk of infection, impaired tissue integrity and risk of constipation. Conclusion the frequency of the most prevalent diagnosis is inserted in the domains safety/protection and nutrition, which determines the need to redirect nursing care, prioritizing the patient's clinic.