Oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasia: clinicopathologic of a case series / Hiperplasia linfoide folicular oral: clinicopatológico de uma série de casos

RESUMEN La hiperplasia folicular linfoide (HFL) es una proliferación linfoide reactiva que puede simular linfomas, tanto clínica como histológicamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las características clínicas, morfológicas e inmunohistoquímicas de una serie de casos de HFL en la cavidad oral y discutir importantes aspectos diagnósticos y diagnósticos diferenciales en relación con los linfomas foliculares. Un análisis retrospectivo de los registros de una base de datos de 38 años reveló nueve casos diagnosticados como HFL de la cavidad oral. La edad de los pacientes osciló entre 8 y 44 años. La mayoría de las lesiones se localizaron en la mucosa oral y la presencia de un nódulo indoloro fue el hallazgo clínico más común. El análisis histopatológico reveló proliferación de células linfoides dispuestas en patrón folicular, presentando folículos primarios y secundarios con centro germinal y zona del manto, con evidencia de macrófagos que contenían cuerpos apoptóticos en su interior, así como evidencia de figuras de mitosis típicas. Observamos el área interfolicular, los linfocitos, los macrófagos e las islas epimioepiteliales. El análisis inmunohistoquímico reveló positividad de folículos linfoides para CD20, CD68, CD3 y linfoma de células B2 (Bcl-2). La presentación clínica de HFL y las evidencias histopatológicas de folículos linfáticos que muestran centros germinales indistintos con una zona del manto mal definida pueden ser un problema debido a la similitud con el linfoma folicular.

Injectable platelet rich fibrin: cell content, morphological, and protein characterization.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood cell content, morphological aspects, gene expression of type I collagen, and release of growth factors on an injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 15 volunteers to prepare i-PRF samples. Peripheral blood was used as a control group. Blood clot and i-PRF samples were cultured for 10 days. The supernatant of the samples was collected for ELISA immunoassay quantification of PDGF and VEGF growth factors over periods of 1, 8, 24, 72, and 240 h. I-PRF and blood clot samples were biologically characterized using histological and immunohistochemistry analysis for IL-10, osteocalcin, and TGF-ß. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the fibrin network and distribution of blood platelets and leukocytes. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to evaluate gene expression for type I collagen. RESULTS: A higher concentration of platelets and lymphocytes was recorded in i-PRF than in peripheral blood (p < 0.05). The release of VEGF was higher in blood clot samples (1933 ± 704) than that for i-PRF (852 ± 376; p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of TGF-B, IL-10, and osteocalcin in the i-PRF group. RT-PCR showed increased type I collagen gene expression in i-PRF (p < 0.05). SEM images revealed agglomeration of platelets in some regions, while a fibrin networking was noticeable in the entire i-PRF sample. CONCLUSIONS: Injectable platelet rich fibrin becomes a good approach for soft and mineralized tissue healing considering the formation of a three-dimensional fibrin network embedding platelets, leukocytes, type I collagen, osteocalcin, and growth factors. Indeed, the injectable platelet rich fibrin can be indicated in several medical applications regarding bioactivity, simplied technique, and flowable mixing with other biomaterials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Morphological, cell, and protein characterization of platelet rich fibrin provides a better understanding of the clinical effects and improvement of clinical guidelines for several medical applications. Once well physicochemical and biologically characterized, the use of an injectable platelet rich fibrin can be extended to other applications in the field of orthopedics, periodontics, and implant dentistry on the repairing process of both soft and mineralized tissues.

Telmisartan Modulates the Oral Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Hamsters.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common adverse effect resulting from cancer therapy. The OM it has implications that may compromise oncologic treatment and decrease the patient's quality of life. The therapeutic options to prevent or treat the symptoms of OM are scarce; there is no effective therapy that improves the symptoms. Based on the need for further research for the treatment of OM, the present study objective was to evaluate the effect of telmisartan (TELM) on the OM induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), using as animal model Golden Syrian hamsters. 5-FU followed by mechanical trauma on day 4 was used to induce OM in hamsters. Euthanasia occurred on the day 10. The experiments were constituted by the groups saline, mechanical trauma, 5-FU, and TELM in three doses (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg). Macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses as well as immunofluorescence experiments were performed on the oral mucosa of the animals. The samples also were used for analysis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR). TELM (5 or 10 mg/kg) was able to reduce the inflammatory ulceration and infiltration in the oral mucosa of the animals, decreasing the levels of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß. These treatments was minimize the immunostaining for cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, transforming growth factor-ß, and smad 2/3. The nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were reduced in the oral mucosa. Finally, TELM (10 mg/kg) increased the PPARγ gene expression and reduced STAT1 and NFκB p65 gene expression relative to the 5-FU group. Therefore, TELM prevents the OM produced by 5-FU on animal model.