Characteristics of an ethnically diverse cohort of children with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis: One institution's experience.

There has been limited research exploring how the demographic characteristics of children with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis (PCM) may influence both the cutaneous and systemic symptoms. In this observational retrospective study of 51 children with PCM, we found a significantly higher rate of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children of Hispanic ethnicity (4/21,19%) compared to non-Hispanics (0/30, 0%, p = 0.024). While this finding may reflect the high proportion of Hispanics in our population, a racial predisposition toward distinct systemic symptoms may be possible. We also found a significantly lower proportion of Hispanic children being diagnosed with PCM under the age of 3 years (47.6%) when compared with non-Hispanic children (76.7%, p = 0.03), suggesting that more data are needed to further assess the role of ethnicity and healthcare disparities in PCM diagnosis. Larger prospective studies are necessary to better evaluate the association between ethnicity, early diagnosis, and systemic symptoms in PCM and to describe its impact on long-term outcomes.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la COVID-19 en adultos de la República Dominicana / Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 in adults from the Dominican Republic

Introducción: Con la aparición del nuevo miembro de la familia coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, la humanidad inició una batalla contra una enfermedad hasta el momento desconocida, la COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la COVID-19 al inicio del estado de emergencia en la población adulta dominicana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, entre el 3 y el 17 de abril de 2020. El instrumento de recolección fue un cuestionario en línea con 4 secciones; características sociodemográficas, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la COVID-19. La muestra estuvo integrada por 1861 participantes. Resultados: El 45,7 por ciento de los integrantes conocía que en ausencia de fiebre un infectado puede transmitir el virus a otro, 27,7 por ciento consideró suficiente la información circulante en la población dominicana, 32,2 por ciento confiaba que el gobierno dominicano controlaría la pandemia, 91,7 por ciento usaba mascarillas en multitudes. Conclusiones: Los resultados revelan un alto nivel de conocimiento, actitudes optimistas y prácticas adecuadas sobre la COVID-19 durante el brote inicial de la enfermedad en el país. República Dominicana enfrenta un gran desafío para controlar la transmisión del virus, pero a diferencia de otros países, una proporción significativa de los participantes no confían en las capacidades de las instituciones gubernamentales para su control. Aunque se deben realizar otros estudios a nivel comunitario en niveles socioeconómicos más bajos(AU)

Introduction: With the appearance of a new member in the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2, humanity started a battle against a hitherto unknown disease, COVID-19. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning COVID-19 at the beginning of the emergency in the Dominican adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 3 and 17, 2020. The data collection instrument was an online questionnaire with four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning COVID-19. The sample consisted of 1861 participants. Results: 45.7 percent of the members knew that, in the absence of fever, an infected person can transmit the virus to another person. 27.7 percent considered the information circulating in the Dominican population as sufficient. 32.2 percent trusted that the Dominican government would control the pandemic. 91.7 percent wore face masks in crowded places. Conclusions: The results reveal a high level of knowledge, optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices concerning COVID-19 during the initial outbreak of the disease in the country. The Dominican Republic faces a great challenge to control the transmission of the virus; but, unlike other countries, a significant proportion of the participants do not trust the capacities of government institutions to control it. However, other studies should be carried out at the community or at lower socioeconomic levels(AU)

Multiple ER-to-nucleus stress signaling pathways are activated during Plantago asiatica mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Pathogens and other adverse environmental conditions can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress signaling increases the expression of cytoprotective ER-chaperones. The inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE1) is one ER stress sensor that is activated to splice the bZIP60 mRNA that produces a truncated transcription factor that activates gene expression in the nucleus. The IRE1/bZIP60 pathway is associated with restricting potyvirus and potexvirus infection. This study shows that the Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) triple gene block 3 (TGB3) and the Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) 6K2 proteins activate alternative transcription pathways involving the bZIP17, bZIP28, BAG7, NAC089 and NAC103 factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the corresponding knockout mutant lines, we show that bZIP17, bZIP60, BAG7 and NAC089 are factors in reducing PlAMV infection, whereas bZIP28 and bZIP60 are factors in reducing TuMV infection. We propose a model in which bZIP60 and bZIP17 synergistically induce genes restricting PlAMV infection, while bZIP60 and bZIP28 independently induce genes supporting PlAMV infection. Regarding TuMV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection, bZIP60 and bZIP28 serve to repress local and systemic infection. Finally, tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatments were used to demonstrate that the protein folding capacity significantly influences PlAMV accumulation.

Conocimiento teórico y aplicación de la odontología mínimamente invasiva en el área de restaurativa de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador / Theoretical knowledge and application of minimally invasive dentistry in the restorative area of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador

Objetivo: El presente estudio nace con la finalidad de determinar si existe conocimiento teórico y práctico sobre Odontología Mínimamente Invasiva (OMI) por parte de los estudiantes programados en el área de restaurativa de la Clínica Intramural de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador (FOUES).Metodología: Para poder indagar se crearon los instrumentos cédula de entrevista y guía de observación para aplicarlas en dichos estudiantes. En la cédula de entrevista se elaboraron preguntas básicas sobre OMI regidas sobre sus tres campos básicos de aplicación como lo son Diagnóstico, Prevención y Tratamiento, en la cual se recolectó el conocimiento teórico que dichos estudiantes tienen sobre OMI. En la guía de observación se contempló qué tipo de métodos diagnósticos, instrumental y protocolo utilizó el estudiante; así como también qué medidas de prevención realizó y recomendó al paciente. Resultados: A nivel general, los/as estudiantes poseen un conocimiento sobre OMI deficiente; de acuerdo con el resultado de la aplicación del modelo econométrico, obtienen una puntuación de 5.3 ( promedio del conocimiento teórico y aplicación sobre OMI ). La mayor deficiencia se observa en la educación y promoción de la salud, a nivel teórico y de aplicación; y en el diagnóstico, en lo que a la aplicación de OMI se refiere. Conclusión: En general, puede afirmarse que la población en estudio no logra alcanzar los niveles básicos de la filosofía OMI, aún cuando "aparentemente", existen fortalezas en algunas áreas teóricas y prácticas, pero que al conjugarlas entre sí, denotan serias y profundas contradicciones.

Objective: The present study was born with the purpose of determining if there is theoretical and practical knowledge about Minimally Invasive Dentistry (OMI) by the students programmed in the restorative area of ​​the Intramural Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador (FOUES). Methodology: In order to investigate, the interview certificate and observation guide instruments were created to apply them to said students. In the interview card, basic questions were elaborated on OMI governed by its three basic fields of application such as Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment, in which the theoretical knowledge that these students have on OMI was collected. The observation guide considered what type of diagnostic methods, instruments and protocol the student used; as well as what prevention measures he carried out and recommended to the patient. Results: At a general level, students have a deficient knowledge about OMI; According to the result of the application of the econometric model, they obtain a score of 5.3 (average of theoretical knowledge and application of OMI). The greatest deficiency is observed in health education and promotion, at a theoretical and application level; and in the diagnosis, as far as the application of OMI is concerned. Conclusion: In general, it can be affirmed that the population under study does not achieve the basic levels of the OMI philosophy, even though "apparently" there are strengths in some theoretical and practical areas, but that when combined with each other, they denote serious and deep contradictions. .