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Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a critical cytokine known for its diverse roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and tumor surveillance. However, while IFNγ levels were elevated in sera of most newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, its complex interplay in AML remains insufficiently understood. We aim to characterize these complex interactions through comprehensive bulk and single-cell approaches in bone marrow of newly diagnosed AML patients. We identify monocytic AML as having a unique microenvironment characterized by IFNγ producing T and NK cells, high IFNγ signaling, and immunosuppressive features. IFNγ signaling score strongly correlates with venetoclax resistance in primary AML patient cells. Additionally, IFNγ treatment of primary AML patient cells increased venetoclax resistance. Lastly, a parsimonious 47-gene IFNγ score demonstrates robust prognostic value. In summary, our findings suggest that inhibiting IFNγ is a potential treatment strategy to overcoming venetoclax resistance and immune evasion in AML patients.
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Interferon gama , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Sulfonamidas , Humanos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Prognóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/uso terapêutico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All these forms of magnetic static and electromagnetic RF fields interact with human tissue and cells. However, reports on the MRI technique's effects on the cells and human body are often inconsistent or contradictory. In both research and clinical MRI, recent progress in improving sensitivity and resolution is associated with the increased magnetic field strength of MRI magnets. Additionally, to improve the contrast of the images, the MRI technique often employs contrast agents, such as gadolinium-based Dotarem, with effects on cells and organs that are still disputable and not fully understood. Application of higher magnetic fields requires revisiting previously observed or potentially possible bio-effects. This article focuses on the influence of a static magnetic field gradient with and without a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Dotarem) and the cellular and molecular effects of Dotarem on macrophages.
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Meios de Contraste , Gadolínio , Animais , Gadolínio/farmacologia , Macrófagos , Campos Magnéticos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meglumina , Camundongos , Compostos OrganometálicosRESUMO
Purpose. This study contrasts views of university students with very low or high food security scores with respect to: obstacles to healthy eating, food pantry use, and managing dietary and educational needs. Method. Comments on open-ended survey questions (n = 1374) were counted, compared, and thematically analyzed to discern differences between the two student groups. Results. Cost concerns were paramount among students with very low food security scores. Students with very low food security experienced significant challenges in reconciling dietary needs and long-term educational goals; this was not problematic among students with high food security. Students from both very low and high food security groups mostly expressed an openness to the campus food pantry, though stigma associated with its use remained a deterrent. Conclusion. While all students face similar challenges to healthy eating, food security status substantially shapes dietary health and the management of dietary and educational needs.
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Assistência Alimentar , Humanos , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Universidades , Estudantes , Segurança AlimentarRESUMO
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells. There are different pools of nuclear actin often undetectable by conventional staining and commercial antibodies used to identify cytoplasmic actin. With the development of more sophisticated imaging and analytical techniques, it became clear that nuclear actin plays a crucial role in shaping the chromatin, genomic, and epigenetic landscape, transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair. This multifaceted role of nuclear actin is not only important for the function of the individual cell but also for the establishment of cell fate, and tissue and organ differentiation during development. Moreover, the changes in the nuclear, chromatin, and genomic architecture are preamble to various diseases. Here, we discuss some of the newly described functions of nuclear actin.
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CD8+ T cells, a fundamental part of the adaptive immune system, employ cytotoxic responses important for targeting pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells. During early activation, CD8+ T cells undergo many changes in metabolism and gene expression. The bridge between epigenetic and metabolic influences on gene expression and cell fate has yet to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the importance of ATP citrate lyase (Acly), an enzyme involved in both metabolism and histone acetylation, for early stages of CD8+ T cell activation. We performed polyclonal activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro in the presence or absence of the Acly inhibitor BMS303141. We found that inhibiting Acly during early activation results in decreased expression of early activation markers. Consistent with impaired early activation, we found that inhibition also resulted in increased uptake of fatty acids and decreased glucose uptake without changing mitochondrial ATP levels. On an epigenetic and transcriptional level, early stage Acly inhibition specifically downregulated promoter histone H3 acetylation (H3ac) and expression of the key transcription factor IRF4; however, global levels of H3ac remained similar. Most importantly, the study was able to highlight the importance of Acly in early stages of CD8+ T cell activation and histone regulation.
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ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liase , Antineoplásicos , ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liase/genética , ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liase/metabolismo , Acetilação , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
The Siponimod (Mayzent) is a newly developed drug, similar to Fingolimod (FTY720) but with fewer side effects, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The therapeutic effect of siponimod and FTY720 in MS relies on their inhibitory effect on the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling. These drugs bind to the S1P receptors and block the CCL2 chemokine pathway that is responsible for the exit of the immune cells from the lymphoid organs, and circulation, thus preventing immune cell-dependent injury to the nervous system. We recently found that FTY720 beside its effect on the S1P pathway also blocks the RhoA pathway, which is involved in the actin cytoskeleton-related function of macrophages, such as expression/recycling of fractalkine (CX3CL1) receptors (CX3CR1), which direct macrophages to the transplanted organs during the development of the long-term (chronic) rejection. Here we tested the effects of siponimod on the RhoA pathway and the expression of the S1P1 and CX3CR1 receptors in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that siponimod downregulates the expression of RhoA protein and decreases the cell surface expression of S1P1 and CX3CR1 receptors. This newly discovered crosstalk between S1P and RhoA/CX3CR1 pathways may help in the development of novel anti-chronic rejection therapies in clinical transplantation.
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Azetidinas/farmacologia , Compostos de Benzil/farmacologia , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Macrófagos/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Animais , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Cloridrato de Fingolimode/farmacologia , Humanos , Lisofosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transplante de Órgãos , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Receptores de Interleucina-8A/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Esfingosina/metabolismo , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective: Characterize the prevalence and dimensions of student food insecurity and the associations with academic performance. Participants: An online survey was distributed (November 2017) to 13,897 undergraduates at a midsized, New Jersey Public University; 2,055 (15%) responded. Methods: Demographic, behavioral, and food security data from University IT services, and the survey were combined in a single dataset. The USDA food security index was adapted to assess food insecurity. Results: Forty-eight percent of students were food insecure. Odds were higher for: women, African Americans, Hispanics, students with partial or no meal plan, commuters, and students receiving financial assistance. Food insecurity increased the odds of being among the lower 10% GPA and reduced the odds of being among the upper 10% GPA. Conclusions: Food insecurity among university students is high and is associated with academic performance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this relationship is essential to design programs to address this problem.
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Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Insegurança Alimentar , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , New Jersey , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: As the costs associated with obesity increase, it is vital to evaluate the effectiveness of chronic disease prevention among underserved groups, particularly in urban settings. This research study evaluated Philadelphia area Keystone First members and church participants enrolled in a group health education program to determine the impact of the Daniel Fast on physical health and the adoption of healthy behaviors. Methods: Participants attended six-weekly health education sessions in two participating churches, and were provided with a digital healthy eating platform. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease from baseline to post assessment for weight, waist circumference and cholesterol. Participants reported a significant improvement in their overall well-being, social and physical functioning, vitality and mental health. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that dietary recommendations and comprehensive group health education delivered in churches and reinforced on a digital platform can improve physical health, knowledge and psychosocial outcomes.
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It is critical to accelerate the integration of evidence-based programs, practices, and strategies for cancer prevention and control into clinical, community, and public health settings. While it is clear that effective translation of existing knowledge into practice can reduce cancer burden, it is less clear how best to achieve this. This gap is addressed by the rapidly growing field of implementation science. Given that context influences and is influenced by implementation efforts, engaging stakeholders in the co-production of knowledge and solutions offers an opportunity to increase the likelihood that implementation efforts are useful, scalable, and sustainable in real-world settings. We argue that a participatory implementation science approach is critical, as it supports iterative, ongoing engagement between stakeholders and researchers to improve the pathway between research and practice, create system change, and address health disparities and health equity. This article highlights the utility of participatory implementation science for cancer prevention and control research and addresses (a) the spectrum of participatory research approaches that may be of use, (b) benefits of participatory implementation science, and
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Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Ciência da Implementação , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Currently, widespread HIV testing is the best preventive action against further spread of the HIV epidemic. However, over 40% of the U.S. population has never been tested for HIV and 25% of those with HIV have never been tested. To increase testing rates, in 2006 the CDC advised healthcare settings to conduct testing on an opt-out basis. METHODS: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with ten seropositive patients and ten seronegative were conducted to address the lack of studies investigating patients' acceptance of and attitude towards this and more novel testing models, e.g. incentivized or anonymous mandatory testing. Participants were asked about their HIV testing history and attitudes towards opt-out, incentivized, and mandatory anonymous HIV testing. RESULTS: Major themes were identified using grounded theory data analysis. All participants were receptive to opt-out testing, and saw the removal of separate written consent as beneficial as long as patients were given the opportunity to consent in some form. CONCLUSION: Ultimately, both mandatory and opt-out testing were equally indicated by participants as being the most effective testing model at increasing testing rates. A firm understanding of patients' perspectives allows for development of effective HIV testing initiatives that are patient-sensitive and can substantially reduce HIV infection rates.
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Urban ethnic minority youth are often exposed to high levels of aggression and violence. As such, many aggression intervention programs that have been designed with suburban nonethnic minority youth have been used or slightly adapted in order to try and meet the needs of high-risk urban youth. The current study contributes to the literature base by examining how well a range of social-cognitive, emotional distress and victimization, and prosocial factors are related to youth aggression in a sample of urban youth. This study utilized data gathered from 109 9- to 15-year-old youth (36.7% male; 84.4% African American) and their parents or caregivers. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were fit predicting youth aggression from social-cognitive variables, victimization and distress, and prosocial variables, controlling for youth gender and age. Each set of variables explained a significant and unique amount of the variance in youth aggressive behavior. The full model including all predictors accounted for 41% of the variance in aggression. Models suggest that youth with stronger beliefs supportive of violence, youth who experience more overt victimization, and youth who experience greater distress in overtly aggressive situations are likely to be more aggressive. In contrast, youth with higher self-esteem and youth who endorse greater leadership efficacy are likely to be less aggressive. Contrary to hypotheses, hostile attributional bias and knowledge of social information processing, experience of relational victimization, distress in relationally aggressive situations, and community engagement were not associated with aggression. Our study is one of the first to address these important questions for low-income, predominately ethnic minority urban youth, and it has clear implications for adapting aggression prevention programs to be culturally sensitive for urban African American youth.
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Agressão/psicologia , Liderança , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Percepção Social , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Bullying/psicologia , Criança , Cognição , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologiaRESUMO
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has garnered increasing interest over the previous two decades as researchers have tackled increasingly complex health problems. In academia, professional presentations and articles are major ways that research is disseminated. However, dissemination of research findings to the people and communities who participated in the research is many times forgotten. In addition, little scholarly literature is focused on creative dissemination of research findings to the community using CBPR methods. We seek to fill this gap in the literature by providing an exemplar of research dissemination and partnership strategies that were used to complete this project. In this paper, we present a novel approach to the dissemination of research findings to our targeted communities through digital animation. We also provide the foundational thinking and specific steps that were taken to select this specific dissemination product development and distribution strategy.
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Desenhos Animados como Assunto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Interface Usuário-Computador , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Philadelphia , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Violência/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: All parties in community-academic partnerships have a vested interest prevention program success. Markers of success that reflect community's experiences of programmatic prevention success are not always measurable, but critically speak to community-defined needs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this manuscript was to (1) describe our systematic process for linking locally relevant community views (community-defined indicators) to measurable outcomes in the context of a youth violence prevention program and (2) discuss lessons learned, next steps, and recommendations for others trying to replicate a similar process. METHODS: A research team composed of both academic and community researchers conducted a systematic process of matching community-defined indicators of youth violence prevention programmatic success to standardized youth survey items being administered in the course of a program evaluation. The research team of three community partners and five academic partners considered 43 community-defined indicators and 208 items from the youth surveys being utilized within the context of a community-based aggression prevention program. At the end of the matching process, 92 youth survey items were identified and agreed upon as potential matches to 11 of the community-defined indicators. CONCLUSIONS: We applied rigorous action steps to match community-defined indicators to survey data collected in the youth violence prevention intervention. We learned important lessons that inform recommendations for others interested in such endeavors. The process used to derive and assess community-defined indicators of success emphasized the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and use of existing and available data to reduce participant burden.
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Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Universidades/organização & administração , Violência/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Participação da Comunidade/métodos , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Comportamento Cooperativo , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
Decreasing health disparities must increase access to care, improve health education and ease navigating the health care system. Community Health Workers (CHW) take on these tasks in professional and culturally competent manners. The Healthy Families Brooklyn (HFB) Program serves residents in two public housing developments in Brooklyn, NY. Healthy Families Advocates (HFA), a type of CHW, are at the core of HFB. Curriculum development for, training of and services provided by the 10 HFA over 19 months are described. Pre and post knowledge assessments of HFAs are analyzed. Data from HFA surveys regarding training were analyzed using grounded theory methods. HFA served 172 unique clients at 222 visits. Services offered include accessing public benefits, health education, and connection to hospitals. There was a significant increase between pre and post assessment knowledge scores (P < 0.01). Taking temperature, building trust, and communicating care and connection emerged as themes related to interpersonal skills used by the HFA. The HFA are committed to moving clients forward in their health knowledge and behaviors. Themes from the HFA survey closely mirrored the HFA training curriculum. Lessons learned pertaining to training needs, data collection, and supervision are explored. The HFB program is a model way of working in communities in New York City and expansion with faith-based groups and other housing development communities is underway. Engaging communities to improve access, screening, prevention and treatment is paramount to the nation's health and the success of the 2010 Affordable Care Act. CHW's role in this mission is integral.
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Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/educação , Saúde da Família , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Saúde da População Urbana , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Defesa do Paciente , Habitação Popular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: School-based violence prevention programs have shown promise for reducing aggression and increasing children's prosocial behaviors. Prevention interventions within the context of urban after-school programs provide a unique opportunity for academic researchers and community stakeholders to collaborate in the creation of meaningful and sustainable violence prevention initiatives. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the development of a collaborative between academic researchers and community leaders to design a youth violence prevention/leadership promotion program (PARTNERS Program) for urban adolescents. Employing a community-based participatory research (CBPR) model, this project addresses the needs of urban youth, their families, and their community. METHODS: Multiple strategies were used to engage community members in the development and implementation of the PARTNERS Program. These included focus groups, pilot testing the program in an after-school venue, and conducting organizational assessments of after-school sites as potential locations for the intervention. RESULTS: Community members and academic researchers successfully worked together in all stages of the project development. Community feedback helped the PARTNERS team redesign the proposed implementation and evaluation of the PARTNERS Program such that the revised study design allows for all sites to obtain the intervention over time and increases the possibility of building community capacity and sustainability of programs. CONCLUSION: Despite several challenges inherent to CBPR, the current study provides a number of lessons learned for the continued development of relationships and trust among researchers and community members, with particular attention to balancing the demand for systematic implementation of community-based interventions while being responsive to the immediate needs of the community.
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Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Violência/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Liderança , Philadelphia , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
This study examined the relationships among weight status (BMI), health perceptions, and psychosocial characteristics in children, parents, and parent-child dyads. A convenient sample of 114 parent-child dyads participated. All children were overweight or obese. Parents and children completed questionnaires by self-report or interview. Questionnaires included the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI), the Parents' Stage of Change (SOC) Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Child's mean age was 10.34 years (s.d. = 1.87), mean BMI was 28.13 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 5.46), and mean BMI z-score was 2.17 (s.d. = 0.38). Parent mean age was 37.28 years (s.d. = 12.66) and mean BMI was 34.07 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 8.18). Most parents (68.5%) reported that they and their children (70.7%) were African American and many (44.3%) reported that they and their children were Hispanic. Significant correlations included: child health perceptions and child BMI (r = 0.309, P < 0.001) and parent perception of weight and parent BMI (r = 0.691, P < 0.001). For parent-child dyads, one correlation approached significance (child health perceptions and parent stage of change (r = -0.269, P < 0.01). Findings suggest that characteristics of parent-child dyads may be important considerations in the management of childhood obesity.
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Nível de Saúde , Obesidade/psicologia , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Obesidade/etnologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We present a model of a community-academic partnership formed to replicate a unique salon-based health education and promotion program among African-American and Latino communities in Philadelphia. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to describe the partnership principles established and lessons learned in replicating the salon-based program that sought to develop a cadre of community-academic partners and build community-based organizations' (CBOs) capacity to implement and evaluate the program. METHODS: As the lead organization, the Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health (AAIUH), formed a partnership with two CBOs, three universities, and 17 salons. Guiding principles were established to manage the large collaborative and ensure success. LESSONS LEARNED: By embracing a common mission and principles of understanding, co-learning, building capacity and sharing responsibility and recognition, this partnership was able to achieve positive outcomes. Challenges faced were related to replication, CBO infrastructure, data management capacity, and other process issues. CONCLUSIONS: Despite challenges, we created and sustained an enduring partnership and brought positive change to the community. Lessons learned highlight issues to examine before furthering this work such as fostering trust and building meaningful relationships.
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Academias e Institutos/organização & administração , Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Comportamento Cooperativo , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Pennsylvania , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estados UnidosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense or the U. S. government. Dr. Wells is a military service member (employee of the U.S. government). This work was prepared as a part of her official duties. Title 17, USC Section 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of the person's official duties. Despite substantial reductions in U.S. infant mortality rates, racial disparities persist, with black Americans experiencing 2.4 times the rate of their white counterparts. Low birthweight and preterm delivery contribute to this disparity. METHODS: To examine the association between antepartum nurse case management home visitation and the occurrence of low birthweight and preterm deliveries in African-American women in Montgomery County, MD, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using existing data from 109 mothers who were enrolled in the Black Babies Start More Infants Living Equally Healthy (SMILE) program. Logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Women who received antepartum home visits were 0.37 (CI 0.15-0.94) times less likely to experience preterm delivery than women who did not receive antepartum home visits. The effect of antepartum home visits on preterm delivery was independent of level of prenatal care, negative life events and number of prior live births. There was no significant association between antepartum home visits and low birthweight. CONCLUSION: Antepartum home visits appeared to be protective against preterm delivery and could contribute to reducing racial disparities in infant mortality. Further study is needed to understand and replicate specific program components that may contribute to improved birth outcomes in African-American women.
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Negro ou Afro-Americano , Administração de Caso , Visita Domiciliar , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Assistência Perinatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado da Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Gravidez , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This study compared adherence to Behavioral Choice Treatment (BCT), a 12-week obesity treatment program that promotes weight loss and exercise, among 22 Caucasian-American and 10 African-American overweight women in a university setting to 10 African-American overweight women in a church setting. Behavioral Choice Treatment (BCT) promotes moderate behavior change that can be comfortably and therefore permanently maintained. Participants obtained feedback from computerized eating diaries and kept exercise logs. Results indicated that both university groups exhibited comparable eating pathology at pre- and post-treatment and comparable weight loss, despite the African-American sample attending fewer sessions. The African-American church group exhibited less disordered eating attitudes, less interpersonal distrust (eg, reluctance to form close relationships or sense of alienation) at pre-treatment, and experienced significantly greater weight loss than either university group. All groups lost weight and maintained these losses at 12-month follow-up. Preliminary results suggest treatment setting may play an important role in treatment adherence and sample characteristics.