Removal capacity of different high-flux dialyzers during postdilution online hemodiafiltration.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare molecule removal and albumin leakage in postdilution online hemodiafiltration with different high-flux dialyzers. METHODS: We studied seven high-flux dialyzers (Polyflux 210H®, Evodial 2.2®, FxCordiax1000®, Elisio21H®, TS-2.1SL®, XevontaHi20®, VitaPES 210-HF®) in 6 patients. The reduction ratio (RR) of small- and middle-sized molecules was calculated. Dialysate samples were collected to estimate the albumin leakage. FINDINGS: Global differences between dialyzers were observed in the RR of ß2 microglobulin (P =0.003) and prolactin (P =0.013). The mean loss of albumin in the dialysate per session varied between 114 ± 67 mg (with Evodial 2.2) and 2621 ± 1363 mg per session (with XevontaHi20). We found global differences between dialyzers in total albumin loss (P = 0.05). DISCUSSION: We demonstrated that the performance of high-flux dialyzers was different among the types and that not all high-flux dialyzers should be considered equal.

[Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular events in haemodialysis]. / El síndrome metabólico se asocia con eventos cardiovasculares en hemodiálisis.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with mortality in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, few studies have been carried out in patients on haemodialysis (HD). OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to analyse the effect of MS on the occurrence of cardiovascular events in HD. The secondary objective is to determine the influence of the fat tissue index and conicity index on cardiovascular events. METHODS: A prospective study including 100 patients on HD. The follow-up period was 3 years. Cardiovascular events and mortality were recorded. MS was defined in accordance with ATPIII and IDF criteria. RESULTS: MS prevalence as defined by the ATPIII was 32%, and by the IDF, 29%. The concordance between the two definitions was high (kappa index 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.92). The risk of cardiovascular events was higher in patients with MS (Log Rank 6.185, p = 0.013), with a fat tissue index greater than 11.5 kg/m(2) (log rank 10.220, p=.001) and a conicity index greater than 1.2 (log rank 6.393, p=.011). In the Cox analysis, adjusted for age and sex, patients with MS had twice the risk of being admitted due to a cardiovascular event (odds ratio 1.93, 1.022 to 3.6, p=.043). Mortality was 35% in the 3 year follow-up period with no differences between the groups with and without MS. CONCLUSIONS: MS is a very prevalent disease in HD patients and its presence doubles the risk of hospitalisation due to cardiovascular events in the short term.

Factors related with the progression of chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Our aims were to determine the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to identify predictors, with particular emphasis on bone and mineral metabolism. METHODS: Retrospective and observational study including 300 patients with advanced CKD (61.2% males, 33.1% diabetics; age 65.6±14 years). Mean follow-up time was 19.4±10.1 months. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (MDRD-4) was 22.5±7.18 mL/min. To calculate the rate of decline in eGFR, we used the slope of the regression line between all determinations of eGFR and follow-up time. We calculated the mean values for proteinuria and serum phosphate, calcium, uric acid, and PTH, as well as 24-hour urinary excretion of urea nitrogen over time for each patient. Follow-up was at least 6 months and included at least 4 measurements of eGFR. RESULTS: The mean rate of decline eGFR (-1.64 mL/min/1.73 m²/year) was inversely correlated with serum phosphate levels (4.3±2.1 mg/dL, P<.001), PTH (256.3±193.7 ng/L, p<.001) and proteinuria (0.84±1.31 g/day, P=.004) and directly correlated with mean serum calcium (P<.001) and the presence of hypertension (P<.02). However, only serum phosphate, serum PTH, and proteinuria persisted as predictors in the multivariate analysis. Stable-GFR patients (positive slope) were older (P=.041) and had lower serum phosphate and PTH levels (P<.01 and P<.01 respectively) and lower proteinuria (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of decrease in eGFR was correlated with serum phosphate and PTH levels and proteinuria. All of these factors can be modified with an adequate treatment.