Traumatic dental injuries in the first year of life and associated factors in Brazilian infants.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study, was to investigate the incidence of traumatic dental injuries in the first year of life and their associated factors. METHODS: Five hundred children were recruited at the outset of the cohort (at birth); 397 had an initial assessment at 6 months (investigation of demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental variables), and 378 were examined for dental trauma at the 1-year assessment (12-16 months); 122 children were lost in the follow-up, and 2 edentulous children were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of the children (54/376) had dental trauma, with the most common type of injury being enamel fracture. The main reported causes of dental injuries were falls from the same level, furniture, and strollers or walkers. Logistic regression after adjusting for confounding showed that the odds of dental trauma was 2.6 times higher for children whose mothers with higher education compared to those with a lower education level (odds ratio [OR]=2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.41-4.84). Family structure was associated with dental trauma, with an adjusted model showing higher odds for children from non-nuclear families compared to those from nuclear families (OR=2.28; 95% CI=1.18-4.39). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated a high incidence of dental trauma in the first year of life, improving knowledge for future development of preventive strategies to reduce risk of dental traumatic injuries.

Heterocontrole da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público do município de Torres/RS / External control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Torres/RS

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a concentração de flúor presente na água de abastecimentodo município de Torres/RS por um período de 7 meses. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente em 8diferentes pontos da cidade, os quais representavam a população abastecida, e também na estação detratamento (ETA). O método utilizado na análise das amostras foi o Eletrométrico, eletrodo íon-específico, sendo que a cada avaliação o aparelho foi calibrado. Os resultados demonstraram que houveuma oscilação na concentração de flúor que variou de 0,29 a 0,91 ppmF/L durante o período avaliado.A média da concentração de flúor entre todas as amostras foi 0,61 ppmF/L, e a mediana foi 0,62 ppmF/L. Na ETA foi observado que em 71,4% dos meses coletados o nível da concentração de flúor foiconsiderado inadequado, sendo que o menor valor encontrado foi 0,33 ppmF/L, e o maior foi de 0,91ppmF/L. Das 60 amostras coletadas, 26 (43,3%) apresentaram a concentração de flúor adequada (entre0,6 e 0,9 ppmF/L) e 34 (56,7%) apresentaram níveis inadequados. Neste estudo, podemos concluir quehouve uma oscilação do teor de fluoretos na água de abastecimento do município de Torres, o que podeinterferir nos benefícios esperados pela fluoretação na população estudada.

This study it had as objective to evaluate the present fluoride concentration in the water of supplyfluoridation in Torres – RS, for a period of 7 months. The samples had been collected monthly in 8different points of the city, which also represented the population supplied and in the treatment station(ETA). The method used in the analysis of the samples was the ion-specific electrode, being that to eachevaluation the device was calibrated. The results had demonstrated that it had an oscillation in thefluorine concentration that varied of 0,29 the 0,91 ppmF/L during the evaluated period. The medium ofthe fluoride concentration between all the samples was 0,61 ppmF/L and the mediana was 0,62 ppmF/L.In the ETA it was observed that in 71,4% of the collected months the level of the fluoride concentrationwas considered inadequate, being that the lesser joined value was 0,33 ppmF/L and the greater was of0,91 ppmF/L. Of the 60 collected samples, 26 (43,3%) had presented the adequate fluoride concentration(between 0,6 and 0,9 ppmF/L) and 34 (56,7%) had presented inadequate levels. In this study we canconclude that it had an oscillation of the fluoridation in the water of supplying of the Torres, what it canintervene with the benefits waited for the fluoridation in the studied population.

All trans retinoic acid enhances CDDP-induced apoptosis: modulation of the CDDP effect on cell cycle progression.

We have previously shown that ATRA potentiates CDDP cytotoxicity in various ovarian carcinoma cell lines. In the present study, we found that the enhanced sensitivity to CDDP was due to an increase of CDDP-induced apoptosis in OVCCR1 and NIH-OVCAR-3 cells. In these cell lines, flow cytometric analysis indicated that CDDP induced an initial accumulation of cells in the S-phase, followed by an increase in the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. Pretreatment of OVCCR1 and NIH-OVCAR-3 cells with ATRA did not modify cell cycle parameters, but delayed S-phase exit of CDDP-treated cells. Bcl-2 over-expression inhibited both delay in S-phase exit and CDDP-induced apoptosis in ATRA-pretreated cells. The CDDP-induced S-phase accumulation of OVCCR1 cells resulted from an activation of CDK2/cyclin A activity. Our results indicate that ATRA-pretreatment modified the CDDP-induced regulation of CDK2 activity by the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Taken together, our findings suggest that ATRA potentiates the apoptosis induced by CDDP in ovarian carcinoma cells and that this action is sustained by modulation of the activity of CDK2/cyclin A.