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1.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; 68(7): 1351-1362, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34254543

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The mass media are relevant in shaping the population's attitudes towards mental disorders. In low- and middle-income countries there is little information about the portrayal of people with mental disorders in the mass media. AIM: The general objective of the study was to assess the tone and content of Chilean newspaper articles about mental disorder from 2000 to 2019. METHOD: The digital editions of four national circulation Chilean newspapers were intentionally selected. The search engine Google News was used to identify and retrieve the news. To evaluate the news, a standardised codebook was administered. A total of 385 news were evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that a large proportion of the news items has an overall positive/optimistic tone 43.5% and 57.5% does not stigmatise; however, only 18.4% emphasises recovery as part of the content. The highest percentages of news stigmatising in tone and content are observed for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Furthermore, the experts are quoted much more frequently than people diagnosed with mental disorders or their families and/or friends. When comparing by years there is a trend towards general decrease in stigmatisation, moving towards a more positive or optimistic view of mental health. CONCLUSIONS: In general, low stigmatisation towards mental disorders was found in the news and this was reduced steadily over time. Although there are aspects to improve in some particular areas, suggesting that manifest stigma has diminished, but more subtle forms still remain.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Estigma Social , Chile , Humanos , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estereotipagem
2.
Salud ment ; 42(2): 65-74, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014567

RESUMO

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of FBT in comparison with usual care in people with schizophrenia treated at an outpatient psychiatric department of a public hospital in Chile. Method Quantitative study, with a randomized, controlled clinical trial design (CTCT) and pre-post measurements, with two arms. Fifty-four people with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, were studied. The main outcome variable was social functioning. As secondary outcomes, clinical symptoms and treatment adherence in people with schizophrenia were evaluated. Expressed emotion was evaluated in the primary caregiver. Results FBT was effective in improving the social functioning of people with schizophrenia and decreasing expressed emotion in the primary caregiver, with a large effect size (d > 0.80). Conclusions The implementation of FBT as a protocolized intervention, complementing usual care, helps to improve psychosocial outcomes in people with schizophrenia and their caregivers.


Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de la TFC, respecto de los cuidados usuales, en personas con esquizofrenia atendidas en un servicio de psiquiatría ambulatorio de un hospital público de Chile. Método Estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, con diseño de ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado (ECCA) y mediciones pre-post, a dos brazos. Se estudiaron 54 personas con esquizofrenia y sus cuidadores principales, asignados aleatoriamente a grupo control y experimental. La variable de resultado primaria fue el funcionamiento social; como resultados secundarios se evaluaron la sintomatología clínica y la adherencia a tratamiento del paciente y la emoción expresada en el cuidador principal. Resultados La TFC fue efectiva en el mejoramiento del funcionamiento social de la persona con esquizofrenia y en la disminución de la emocionalidad expresada en el cuidador principal, con un tamaño de efecto grande (d > 0.80). Conclusiones La implementación de la TFC, como intervención protocolizada y complementaria a los cuidados usuales, contribuye a mejorar resultados psicosociales en personas con esquizofrenia y en sus cuidadores.

3.
Cienc. enferm ; 20(1): 61-74, abr. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-710953

RESUMO

Diversos son los factores que generan disparidades en el acceso al sistema de salud y en su utilización, lo que produce desigualdades tanto en la promoción de la salud como en las posibilidades del restablecimiento y supervivencia tras una enfermedad. El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre estilo de vida promotor de salud y variables psicosociales, demográficas y de salud, en las comunas de Coronel y Concepción. Material y método: Corresponde a un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, de orientación cuantitativa. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 441 adultos, de ambos sexos, entre 20 y 65 años, asistentes en el 2011 a establecimientos de atención primaria de salud. La muestra fue no aleatoria, con cuotas sexo y edad. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el Programa SAS. Resultados: Se encontró asociación significativa entre estilo de vida promotor en salud y determinantes estructurales como: el lugar de residencia, edad, sexo, educación, ingresos. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas en variables psicosociales como: percepción de problemas del entorno; satisfacción con aspectos de la vida; apoyo afectivo; apoyo y confianza; autoestima y autoeficacia. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten reafirmar la relevancia de considerar, además de los factores estructurales, los factores psicosociales en la mirada y en la intervención en salud para potenciar estilos de vida promotores de salud. Los factores psicosociales se encuentran fuertemente asociados a estilos de vida promotores de salud...


There are many factors that create disparities in access and use of health systems, resulting inequalities in both health promotion and the possibilities of recovery and survival after an illness. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle health promoter and psychosocial, demographic and health variables, in the communes of Coronel and Concepción. Methods: It is a descriptive and correlational study, quantitative orientation. The study population consisted of 441 adults, both sexes, between 20 and 65 years old users of primary health care in 2011. The sample was not random, with quotas for gender and age. The instrument used to measure was the Scale Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. The information processing was performed with SAS program. Results: A significant association was found between the life style health promoter and structural determinants such as place of residence, age, sex, education, income. Significant associations were found in psychosocial variables such as perception of environmental problems; satisfaction with aspects of life, emotional support, support and confidence, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Results suggest the need of considering, besides to structural factors, the psychosocial factors at the gaze and health intervention for enhancing health promoting life styles. Psychosocial factors are strongly associated with health promoting life styles...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Promoção da Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Condições Sociais , Chile
4.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 48(1): 5-12, mar. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-589272

RESUMO

Estudio descriptivo correlacional, que obtuvo información respecto de la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores de la comuna de Concepción y los factores asociados a ella. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta social. El universo estuvo constituido por los adultos mayores inscritos en el Programa del Adulto Mayor -PAM- de los consultorios de Atención Primaria de la comuna de Concepción. La muestra fue formada por procedimiento aleatorio simple y quedó conformada por 408 adultos mayores de 60 años. Se analizaron para el presente artículo dos ámbitos del concepto de Calidad de Vida: “Físico” y de “Relaciones Sociales”. El grupo estudiado pertenece mayoritariamente a mujeres que se ubican en edades entre los 61 y 78 años, y el hallazgo principal es que tienen una percepción de calidad de vida en el ámbito físico, “muy bueno”, y a la vez una percepción en el ámbito de relaciones sociales, “muy bueno”. Se encontró una asociación altamente significativa entre percepción de calidad de vida tanto para el ámbito físico (percepción de salud) como para el ámbito de relaciones sociales, y las variables “relaciones familiares” y “relaciones de pareja”. Los resultados permiten destacar la importancia de estimular la interacción social, y el autocuidado para fortalecer la autonomía de los ancianos. Se contribuirá así a una mejor calidad de vida y de salud de este grupo.


This descriptive correlational study provided information regarding the quality of life and related factors, of the elderly in the city of Concepción. The technique used was the social survey. The study population consisted of participants in the “Programa del Adulto Mayor (PAM)” in community health centers of Concepción. The random sample, consisted of 408 adults, 60 years old or over. Two dimensions of the concept of Quality of Life are analyzed: “Physical Aspects” and “Social Relations”. The majority of the study group were women aged 61 to 78 years. The main finding was that they have a “Very Good” perception of the physical aspect of their lives, as well as of their “Social Relations”. A highly significant association was found between their perception of their Quality of Life both in terms of health and social relations and the variables “Family relations” and “Couple Relations”. The findings of this study illustrate the importance of stimulating social interaction and self care in order to strengthen the autonomy of the elderly, thus contributing to the improvement of their quality of life and health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso/psicologia , Nível de Saúde , Relações Interpessoais , Qualidade de Vida , Chile , Escolaridade , Autoimagem
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