Association of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Variants with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility in a South Indian Population.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancers account for approximately 2% of all cancers diagnosed each year; however, the vast majority (80%) of the affected individuals are smokers whose risk of developing a lesion is five to nine times greater than that of non-smokers. Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens that cause DNA damage, including oxidative lesions that are removed effectively by the base-excision repair (BER) pathway, in which poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), plays key roles. Genetic variations in the genes encoding DNA repair enzymes may alter their functions. Several studies reported mixed effects on the association between PARP-1 variants and the risk of cancer development. Till now no reported studies have investigated the association between PARP-1 variants and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present case control study 100 OSCC patients and 100 matched controls were genotyped using PARP1 single nucleotide peptides (SNP's) rs1136410 and rs3219090 using TaqMan assays. RESULTS: The results indicated significantly higher risk with PARP1 rs1136410 minor allele "C" (OR=1.909; p=0.02942; CI, 1.060- 3.439). SNP rs1136410 also showed significantly increased risk in patients with smoking habit at C/C genotype and at minor allele C. CONCLUSIONS: The PAPR-1 Ala762Val polymorphism may play a role in progression of OSCC. Larger studies with a greater number of samples are needed to verify these findings.

Permanent mandibular incisor with multiple anomalies - report of a rare clinical case.

Permanent mandibular central incisor is rarely affected by tooth shape anomalies of crown and root. Co-occurrence of multiple anomalies in a permanent mandibular central incisor is extremely rare. This paper reports an unusual concurrent combination of multiple dental anomalies affecting both the crown and root of a permanent mandibular left central incisor - talon cusp, dens invaginatus, short root anomaly and macrodontia -, which has not previously been reported together. Case management is described and implications are discussed. The dentist should be aware of these rare entities in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and management for which detailed examination of the tooth both clinically and radiographically is very important.

Oral manifestations and radiographic changes in the jaw-bones of patients with end-stage renal disease onmaintenance hemodialysis: a descriptive study / Estudo descritivo das manifestações bucais e alterações radiográficas em maxilares de pacientes com doençarenal terminal e sob hemodiálise

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the oral manifestations and radiographic changes in the jawbones of patients undergoing hemodialysis, diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: Forty patients on maintenance hemodialysis were clinically examined for oral manifestations and evaluated for radiographic changes in the jaws with panoramic and intra-oral periapical radiographs. Results were expressed as Percentage. Results: Out of 40 patients, 37 patients (92.5%) showed at least one or more oral manifestations. The most common oral manifestations were mucosal pallor (70%), xerostomia (57.5%), petechiae and ecchymoses (37.5%), and less common were taste alterations (15%), uremic odor (7.5%), coated tongue (10%) and mucosal pain (2.5%). Radiographic changes seen were loss of lamina dura (22.2%), altered trabecular pattern (5.5%), multiple radiolucent lesions (5%), and pulp calcification (2.7%). Conclusions: Most of the patients presented with oral signs and symptoms. However it was observed that patients demonstrating radiographic changes were mostly those who were on dialysis for a relatively long duration.

Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as manifestações orais e alterações radiográficas nos maxilares de pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise e com diagnóstico de doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET). Métodos: 40 pacientes em hemodiálise de manutenção foram examinados clinicamente e avaliados radiograficamente por meio de radiografias panorâmicas e periapicais em busca de manifestações orais nas mandíbulas. Resultados: Dos 40 pacientes, 37 pacientes (92,5%) apresentaram pelo menos uma ou mais manifestações orais. As manifestações orais mais comuns foram: palidez da mucosa (70%), xerostomia (57,5%), petéquias e equimoses (37,5%); e menos comuns: alterações do paladar (15%), odor urêmico (7,5%), língua saburrosa (10%) e mucosa dolorida (2,5%). As alterações radiográficas observadas foram a perda da lâmina dura (22,2%), padrão trabecular alterado (5,5%), lesões radiolúcidas múltiplas (5%) e calcificação pulpar (2,7%). Conclusões: A maioria dos pacientes apresentava sinais e sintomas orais. Entretanto, foi observado que os pacientes demonstrando alterações radiográficas foram principalmente aqueles que estavam em diálise por um período relativamente longo.

Permanent mandibular incisor with multiple anomalies - report of a rare clinical case

Permanent mandibular central incisor is rarely affected by tooth shape anomalies of crown and root. Co-occurrence of multiple anomalies in a permanent mandibular central incisor is extremely rare. This paper reports an unusual concurrent combination of multiple dental anomalies affecting both the crown and root of a permanent mandibular left central incisor - talon cusp, dens invaginatus, short root anomaly and macrodontia -, which has not previously been reported together. Case management is described and implications are discussed. The dentist should be aware of these rare entities in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and management for which detailed examination of the tooth both clinically and radiographically is very important.

O incisivo central inferior permanente raramente é afetado por anomalias de forma envolvendo a coroa e a raiz. A co-ocorrência de múltiplas anomalias em um incisivo central inferior permanente é extremamente rara. Este artigo relata uma combinação concomitante incomum de múltiplas anomalias dentais afetando tanto a coroa quanto a raiz de um incisivo central inferior permanente - cúspide em garra (talon cusp), dens invaginatus, anomalia de raiz curta e macrodontia - que ainda não havia sido descrita na literatura. A condução do caso é descrita e suas implicações são discutidas. É importante que o dentista esteja familiarizado com essas entidades raras a fim de proporcionar diagnóstico e tratamento precisos, para os quais exames clínicos e radiográficos detalhados são extremamente importantes.

Survey of mesiodens and its characteristics in 2500 children of Davangere city, India.

AIM: The aim of the present study is to report the prevalence of mesiodens and its characteristics and also to present 25 cases with 27 mesiodentes in 2500 children in Davangere city, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of 2500 children examined in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry was conducted. Their ages ranged from 3 to 12 years. A total of 27 mesiodentes were diagnosed in 25 patients (1%). The patients' records and radiographs were evaluated and the following variables were studied: age and sex distribution, number, shape, position, eruption status, associated dentition and arch, associated complications and anomalies. RESULTS: In this study were enrolled 16 males and 9 females: 96.2% of the mesiodentes were seen in the maxillary arch while only one in the mandibular arch; 92.5% were observed in the permanent dentition. Most mesiodentes (92.5%) were conical in shape, and about 96.2% were placed vertical in position with only one mesiodens impacted and inverted. Of the 27 mesiodentes, 23 were u%% caused a midline diastema, 14.8% occlusal interference, 7.4% root resorption, and 3.7% had caused delayed eruption of permanent incisors. Rare anomalies like facial talon cusp were found in two mesiodentes (7.4%), and only one (3.7%) had a root anomaly. CONCLUSION: Mesiodens may occur as an isolated finding or can be associated with other odontogenic anomalies.