Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015-2018 (a case study of Russia).

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of the central nervous system disorders in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The study included 90 HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, who underwent inpatient treatment. In case of positive enzyme immunoassay, HIV infection was confirmed with the immunoblot test. The HIV-1 ribonucleic acid level was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. The flow cytometry was used for counting CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4 cells). Pathomorphological examination included the autopsy, gross and microscopic examination of internal organs, histological and other methods. The incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis significantly increases at the CD4 count below 100 cells/µl, P < 0.001, and at the HIV viral load above 50 copies/ml, P < 0.05. The clinical picture of cerebral toxoplasmosis included focal symptoms, cognitive impairment, toxic syndrome, mild cerebral symptoms and a meningeal symptom. Given the absence of a specific clinical picture and the absence of abnormal laboratory and instrumental findings, the cerebral toxoplasmosis needs to be diagnosed with a number diagnostic methods combined: clinical examination, laboratory testing, immunological examination, molecular genetic testing and neuroradiological imaging.

[A novel model of artificial iris-lens diaphragm for reconstruction of extensive iris defects (experimental rationale)].

Experimental rationale is presented for novel model of artificial iris-lens diaphragm (ILD) that provides a better adaptation of diaphragm to anterior segment structures variable in size and reduction of pressure on ciliary body due to modifications in design of supporting elements. Presented model is good in self-centration, allows sutureless fixation in lens capsule or the other supporting structures in aniridia.

[Experimental rationale for the use of a new model of the artificial iridolens stop for reconstructive surgery].

A new-design artificial iridolens stop (ILS) has been constructed, which is monolithic, elastic, universal by possible implantation modalities in relation to the degree of a damage to the anatomy of the anterior segment of the eye, adapted to surgery of minor incisions, and alleviating intra- and postoperative complications. The color spectrum of the haptic part of an ILS yields a good cosmetic effect. The ILS is made from a hydrophobic spatially sutured polymer based on polyoxypropylene. The experimental findings suggest that the proposed ILSs show a chemical and biomedical safety. The stops exert no locally irritant, sensitizing, and toxic effects, they are sterile, apyrogenic and meet the specifications of the items permanently contacting the internal environment of the eye.

[Results of solid monolithic intraocular lenses implantation made by photopolymerization]. / Rezul'taty implantatsii otechestvennykh zhestkikh monolitnykh intraokuliarnykh linz, izgotovlennykh metodom fotopolimerizatsii.

Results of experimental and clinical trials of a new solid intraocular lens made by an original technology from an acrylic polymer oligocarbonate methacrylate are analyzed. This IOL is monolithic, the diameter of the optic part is large, and the centering openings are made on special influxes beyond the optic zone of the lens. Results of experimental trials on rabbits and clinical use of T-70C "J" IOLs are discussed. The authors emphasize a high stability of the lens in the eye and a low incidence of postoperative complications, which they explain by lack of toxicity of the material, design, and simple procedure of implantation of this IOL.