No group differences in Traditional Economics Measures of loss aversion and framing effects in bipolar I disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with impaired decision making, yet few studies have adopted paradigms from behavioral economics to decompose which, if any, aspects of decision making may be impacted. This may be particularly relevant for decision-making processes relevant to known difficulties with emotive dysfunction and corresponding reward dysregulation in BD. Participants with bipolar I disorder (BD; n = 44) and non-psychiatric healthy controls (CTL; n = 28) completed three well-validated behavioral economics decision making tasks via a remote-based survey, including loss aversion and framing effects, that examined sensitivity to probabilities and potential gains and losses in monetary and non-monetary domains. Consistent with past work, we found evidence of moderate loss aversion and framing effects across all participants. No group differences were found in any of the measures of loss aversion or framing effects. We report no group differences between bipolar and non-psychiatric groups with respect to loss aversion and framing effects using a remote-based survey approach. These results provide a framework future studies to explore similar tasks in clinical populations and suggest the context and degree to which decision making is altered in BD may be rooted in a more complex cognitive mechanism that warrants future research.

Assessing Emotion Regulation Ability for Negative and Positive Emotions: Psychometrics of the Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory in United States Adults.

People regulate both negative and positive emotions, and their ability to do this successfully is a cornerstone of adaptive psychological functioning. However, few measures have been available to assess emotion regulation ability across both valence domains. The Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI) was recently developed for this purpose. Here we present the first psychometric study of the PERCI in the United States (N = 508). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the intended eight-factor structure, which was invariant across age, gender, and education. PERCI scores had high internal consistency, and were associated with measures of psychopathology, emotional reactivity, and emotion regulation strategies in expected ways. These observed relationships between the PERCI and various regulation strategies may serve to establish a profile of what strategy patterns characterize differences in emotion regulation ability. Overall, the PERCI had strong psychometrics. Its capacity to assess both valence domains should enable more comprehensive assessments of emotion regulation ability.

Understanding and Taking Stock of Positive Emotion Disturbance.

The prevailing view on positive emotions is that they correlate with and confer psychological health benefits for the individual, including improved social, physical and cognitive functioning. Yet an emerging wave of scientific work suggests that positive emotions are also related to a range of suboptimal psychological health outcomes, especially when the intensity, duration, or context do not optimize the individual's goals or meet current environmental demands. This paper provides an overview of the 'other side' of positive emotion, by describing and reviewing evidence supporting the emerging field of Positive Emotion Disturbance (PED). We review relevant emotion processes and key themes of PED and apply this framework to example emotional disorders, and discuss implications for psychological change and future research agendas.

Subjective Sleep Related to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Trauma-Exposed Men and Women.

Objective/Background: Sleep difficulty is both a common symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a risk factor for the development and maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. Gender differences in sleep following trauma exposure have been posited to contribute to the increased risk for the development of PTSD among women, but the persistence and long-term contributions of these potential differences to the maintenance and severity of PTSD symptoms is unclear. Participants: Men and women reporting a history of trauma exposure (n = 112, 63% female) participated in this study. Methods: Subjective sleep complaints and PTSD symptom severity were assessed using well-validated measures (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PTSD Symptom Checklist). Multivariable regression models (full sample and gender-stratified) were used to predict PTSD symptom severity from global, subscale, and individual item sleep parameters, adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, and body mass index. Results: In the full sample, traditional measures of sleep quality and sleep disturbance were associated with PTSD symptom severity. Difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, and sleep disturbance from a variety of sources were related to higher PTSD symptom severity in men, while self-reported sleep disturbance related to nightmares and emotional regulation were associated with PTSD symptom severity among women. Conclusions: These findings add to the limited literature on gender-specific risk factors related to sleep and PTSD, and may inform intervention development and implementation related to PTSD severity among vulnerable adults.

Cuidados del cordón umbilical: efecto de tres soluciones antisépticas (gluconato de clorhexidina al 4 por ciento, alcohol al 70 por ciento y yodopovidona al 5 por ciento) sobre la colonización bacteriana, infección y separación del muñón umbilical / Umbilical cord care: effect of three different antiseptic solutions (clorhexidine 4 per cent, alcohol 70 per cent and iodo povidone 5 per cent) on bacterial colonization, infection and cord separation time

Las infecciones perinatales algunas veces comienzan con la contaminación del cordón umbilical, aumentando la morbimortalidad de los recién nacidos. La conducta sobre su cuidado y limpieza no está aún completamente estandarizada y son utilizadas diferentes soluciones antisépticas. Objetivo: Demostrar la efectividad del gluconato de clorhexidina al 4 por ciento para evitar la colonización bacteriana del cordón umbilical y la posibilidad de desarrollo de onfalitis. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, randomizado controlado que concluyó a 162 recién nacidos sanos a término, divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos, para los cuales la higiene del cordón se realizó 3 veces al día hasta su caída y se usaron 3 tipos de solución antiséptica: grupo A (alcohol al 70 por ciento) n=57, grupo B (yodopovidona al 5 por ciento) n=55 y grupo C (clorhexidina al 4 por ciento) n=50. A las 48 horas se hizo hisopado de la base umbilical y se tomó muestra del extremo distal del muñón para el cultivo de ambas muestra en los medios Tryptic Soy Agar y Mac Conkey, realizándose la lectura microbiológica a las 24 horas. También se determinó el tiempo promedio de separación del muñón umbilical para cada grupo. Resultados: La clorhexidina tuvo mayor efecto antimicrobiano que las otras dos soluciones (p menor que 0,001), logrando ausencia de crecimiento bacteriano en el 64 por ciento y 48 por ciento de los recién nacidos (hisopado y muestra de cordón respectivamente) versus 7,2 por ciento y 21.8 por ciento para el grupo con yodopovidona, y 5.2 por ciento y 10.5 por ciento para el grupo con el alcohol. Los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron E. Coli, Estafilococo coagulasa negativo. El tiempo promedio de caída del cordón fue de 14.2 días para el grupo con clorhexidina, 6.5 días para el grupo con alcohol y 8 días para el grupo con yodopovidona. Conclusiones: El gluconato de clorhexidina al 4 por ciento posee un mayor efecto antibacteriano cuando es utilizado para...