[Gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure].

Aim To study the interrelationship between intensity of chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) with severity of the condition and intestinal microbiocenosis parameters in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods 47 hospitalized patients with symptomatic CHF were evaluated. The following parameters were determined: clinical condition; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). C-reactive protein (CRP); serum interleukins (IL) 6 and 10; and intestinal microbiocenosis composition by mass-spectrometry of microbial markers in whole blood. Microbiocenosis indexes were compared in the main group and in 38 outpatient patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease without CHF.Results Direct, medium-power correlations were found between CRP and IL-6 concentrations and severity of clinical condition (NT-proBNP, ХСН stage, and edema severity) in patients with CHF. Most patients with CHF had lower numbers of bifido-, lacto-, propionic-, and eubacteria, and Clostridium (С.) ramosum and higher numbers of aspergillus. Among CHF patients, the highest indexes of endotoxemia, gram (-) bacteria, cocci, actinomycetes, and microfungi were observed in the group with NT-proBNP from 400 to 2000 pg/ml. Direct correlations were observed for amounts of C. hystolyticum, Pseudonocardia spp., and Aspergillus spp. with IL-6 and IL-10 and unidirectional inverse correlation were observed for these cytokines with Propionibacterium acnes and jensenii, Streptomyces spp., and Nocardia asteroides. In addition, IL-6 concentration was negatively correlated with contents of Staphylococcus aureus, C. difficile, C. ramosum, Eggerthella lenta, and Corynebacterium spp. and was positively correlated with C. propionicum, Moraxella spp. and Flavobacterium spp. Concentration of IL-6 directly correlated with the number of Eubacterium spp. and inversely correlated with numbers of Ruminicoccus spp. and Streptomyces farmamarensis. The amount of Streptomyces farmamarensis negatively correlated with CRP concentrations.Conclusion The study results evidence the significance of intestinal microbial-tissue complex in the pathogenesis of CSI in CHF and allow suggesting this complex as a promising target for therapy.

Effect of Prebiotic Complex on Gut Microbiota and Endotoxemia in Female Rats with Modeled Heart Failure.

We studied the levels endotoxin and microbial markers in the blood of female rats with experimental heart failure and the effects of preliminary treatment with a prebiotic complex based on fermented wheat bran and inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on these parameters. The concentrations of endotoxin, markers of lactobacilli, and opportunistic microorganisms were found to increase in rats with experimental heart failure and significantly decreased against the background of treatment with prebiotic complex. The dynamics of markers of bifidobacteria, eubacteria, and propionibacteria were reciprocal. The observed effect of the prebiotic complex effect on gut microbiota in rats with experimental heart failure suggests that this complex can be used for the correction of intestinal dysbiosis and endotoxemia in this clinical condition.

Random Raman fiber laser based on a twin-core fiber with FBGs inscribed by femtosecond radiation.

Narrowband Raman lasing in a polarization-maintaining two-core fiber (TCF) is demonstrated. Femtosecond point-by-point inscription of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in individual cores produces a half-open cavity with random distributed feedback. The laser linewidth in the cavity with a single FBG inscribed in one core of the TCF reduced by ∼2 times with respect to the cavity with a fiber loop mirror. It is shown that the inscription of two FBGs in different cores leads to the formation of a Michelson-type interferometer, leading to the modulation of generation spectra near threshold. This technique offers new possibilities for spectral filtering or multi-wavelength generation.

Morphological study of burn wound healing with the use of collagen-chitosan wound dressing.

Experiments on the model of thermal skin burn in rats showed that the use of wound dressing based on collagen-chitosan complex Kollakhit-Bol in local treatment of grade IIIb skin burns increased healing rate by accelerating the formation of granulation and fibrous connective tissues and reducing crust thickness in comparison with Kollakhit coating. Kollakhit-Bol provided targeted stimulation of reparative processes in the treatment of grade IIIb burns by creating favorable conditions for grafting full thickness skin transplant or dermal-epidermal skin equivalent. In the topical treatment of thermal burn, Kollakhit-Bol application shortened the phases of alteration and exudation and accelerated transition to the productive phase of the inflammatory process with phagocytosis and neoangiogenesis activation.

[Application of compression equipment using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide in surgery for rectal cancer].

The study is concerned with development of equipment for forming circular compression intestinal anastomosis using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide. A sequence of technological operations is suggested, experimental tests and clinical trials carried out and immediate and end-results for anterior resection in rectal cancer are evaluated. Compression equipment for forming colorectal anastomosis proved reliable in long-term operation.

[Effects of application resistive and flex resistance to breath in training sportsmen].

Research on studying influence of a rate of muscular training in conditions of additional aerodynamic and flex resistance to breath on a level of physical working capacity, aerobic productivity and a functional condition of system of breath is executed. It is shown, that regular muscular training on a background of use of the dosed out breath with increased aerodynamic and flex resistance to respiratory stream and respiratory movements, first of all. provides essential growth of functionalities of the respiratory muscles expressed in authentic increase of power and speed-power parameters, shortening of time of impellent reaction of respiratory muscles. Improvement of a functional condition of respiratory system, and, in particular, respiratory muscles, caused significant growth of physical working capacity and physical readiness of young sportsmen.

[Experience with using anterior resections in the surgery of rectum].

A retrospective analysis of direct results of anterior resections of the rectum fulfilled for cancer is presented. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the methods of forming colorectal anastomoses: manual nodular, compression-mechanical method using apparatus AKA-2, 4 and a compressive method with apparatuses on the basis of the effect of memory of the form in the titanium nikelide alloy. Advantages of using compressive apparatuses are shown as well as the reliability of compressive colorectal anastomoses.

[Use of compression suturing device for colorectal anastomoses].

78 patients with rectal cancer were operated on with the use of a new-generation compression suturing device for colorectal anastomosis. There were no complications and deaths postoperatively. Long-term follow-up revealed no contractures of the anastomotic zone. All patient demonstrated a satisfactory quality of life index after 6 months postoperatively.

[Indications and contraindications to extraperitoneal closing external intestinal fistulas].

Prognostic factors of recurrent external intestinal fistulas after extraperitoneal closing them were studied in 74 patients operated on in the Sverdlovsk region clinical hospital N1 in 1990-2004. There were no lethal outcomes. Good results were noted in 40 out of 74 (54.05%) patients. Postoperative complications developed in 34 (45.95%) patients, including 21 (28.38%) recurrent intestinal fistulas. Using the methods of mathematical analysis it was found that the recurrent intestinal fistulas resulted from persisting inflammatory alterations in the tissues of the peritoneal and intestinal walls and also from appearing due to operation mechanical injuries of patency of the intestine canal in the places of suturing the fistulas or the initial ones - in the abducent parts of the intestine. The indications and contraindications are proposed concerning the using, rational technical means of extraperitoneal closing the external intestinal fistulas.

[Algorithm of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cardiological hospital]. / Algoritm serdechno-legochnoi reanimatsii v statsionare kardiologicheskogo profilia.

Recent comments and amendments to routine algorithm of P. Safar's cardiopulmonary resuscitation, known as the ABCD principle, are critically analyzed. The primary mechanisms of thanatogenesis in sudden death in the majority of cases are not respiratory problems (requiring ABCD algorithm), but cardiac rhythm disorders. Based on their studies and practical and training experience, the authors suggest a new algorithm of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: UNIVERSAL, with the following steps: precordial stroke, indirect massage of the heart, forced ventilation of the lungs, venipuncture, electrocardiography, defibrillation by electric pulse therapy, electrocardiostimulation, and injections of adrenalin, atropine, and lidocaine. Introduction of this algorithm decreased hospital mortality of acute coronary patients, increased the rate of reanimation of suddenly dead patients, and reduced the incidence of iatrogenic complications of resuscitation.

Dependence of the efficiency of a multicapillary column on the liquid phase loading method.

One of the main approaches employed to reach fast chromatographic separation is based on using columns containing up to 1000 capillaries with the diameter size down to 10-100 microm. The efficiency of such columns depends on the dispersion of the capillary radius and on the way of the liquid-film loading. We present general equations describing these effects. Specifically, we show theoretically and experimentally that the separation efficiency can be improved by using the loading methods specially designed in order to take into account correlation between the film thickness and capillary radius.

[An evaluation of the effect of sodium bicarbonate-chloride mineral water on the rat immune system]. / Otsenka vliianiia gidrokarbonatno-khloridnoi natrievoi mineral'noi vody na immunnuiu sistemu krys.

Mineral water Uralochka tried in rats is obtained from the spring in the territory of the sanatorium Ural (Chelyabinsk Province). The mineral water contains chloride, hydrocarbonate ions and sodium cations, mineralization is 4.13 g/dm3. A 15-day course of Uralochka drinking did not influence much reaction of delayed hypersensitivity, but increased the absolute number of antibody-forming cells by 95.86%, raised the ability of peritoneal macrophages to absorb latex particles. Thus, mineral water Uralochka can raise intensity of humoral immune response and the ability of macrophages for phagocytosis of the latex particles. Phagocytosis activity and intensity increased by 48.27 and 62.13%, respectively.

[Role of low-molecular factor of the bone marrow in the induction of primary and secondary IgE response to ovalbumin]. / Rol' nizkomolekuliarnogo faktora kostnogo mozga v induktsii pervichnogo i vtorichnogo IgE-otveta na oval'bumin.

It has been found that low molecular weight factor of mice bone marrow cell cultures decreases the level of the IgE-antibodies to ovalbumin in the serum of syngeneic mice in dose-dependent manner, when inoculated simultaneously with the primary or the secondary immunization. The active substrate of the supernatant has been shown to have molecular weight of 8000 D.

[Effects of phospholipid platelet activation factor on proliferation of B-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with bronchial asthma]. / Vliianie fosfolipidnogo faktora aktivatsii trombotsitov na proliferatsiiu B-limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi zdorovykh donorov i bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

The influence of the phospholipid platelet activation factor (PAF) was studied on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma and normal subjects. It was found that PAF exerts dose-dependent activation with following suppression mainly on B-cells after its action on the whole population of lymphocytes activated by PWM. Besides, the influence of PAF on lymphocyte proliferation seemed to be mediated by monocytes since removal of monocytes from the whole population of mononuclear cells abolished the lymphocyte activation induced by PWM. Indomethacin inhibits lymphocyte proliferation activation induced by PAF. The results indicate that PAF has an effect on the IgE and IgG synthesis by blood B-lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma.

[Suppression by bone marrow cells of the level of specific IgE antibodies in the blood of mice and decrease in the production of IGE by bone marrow cells]. / Podavlenie kletkami kostnogo mozga urovnia spetsificheskikh IgE-antitel v syvorotke krovi myshei i snizhenie vyrabotki IgE kostnomozgovymi kletkami.

Changes in the level of the specific IgE-antibodies to ovalbumin under the influence of syngeneic cells of a bone marrow were studied. The IgE-response was induced by ovalbumin in mice (CBA X C57Bl/6)F1. The bone marrow cells suspensions (20-30 X 10(6) cells per mouse) from syngeneic donors was inoculated simultaneously with the immunization. It was found that bone marrow cells suppressed both the level of IgE-antibodies in experimental mice serum and the production of IgE by the bone marrow cells of the recipient. The ability to suppress IgE-response remained when erythrocytes, monocytes and T-lymphocytes were removed from inoculated suspensions. The bone marrow cells taken from the mice immunized with ovalbumin, at the stage of a decreasing IgE-response, provided more pronounced suppression, than bone marrow cells taken from intact animals.

[Mechanism of suppression of human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation by platelet activation factor]. / Izuchenie mekhanizma supressii proliferatsii limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka faktorom aktivatsii trombotsitov.

The influence of the phospholipid platelet activation factor (PAF) was studied on PHA-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with bronchial asthma and normal subjects. It was found that influencing on the whole population of lymphocytes PAF suppressed proliferation mainly of T-cells. Besides, the influence of PAF on lymphocyte proliferation seemed to be mediated by monocytes since removal of monocytes from the whole population of mononuclear cells abolished the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with PAF antagonist--BL 8705 almost completely blocked the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA.

[Effects of immune lymph node factors on formation of immunological memory]. / Vliianie faktorov immunykh limfaticheskikh uzlov na formirovanie immunologicheskoi pamiati.

Two various fractions have been formed on the sephadex G-200 from culture supernatants of the lymph nodes cells isolated in 6h after immunization of animals by various antigens. The first fraction possessed the main biological properties peculiar to the earlier described factor of the immune lymph nodes (FILN), intensified proliferation of cells of the popliteal lymph nodes and increased the killer activity of peritoneal lymphocytes. Introduction of FILN simultaneously with ram erythrocytes led to more than a five-fold increase of humoral immune response.