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This study examines research perspective in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular complications in Kawasaki Disease (KD). Starting with an overview of the disease, it introduces KD's clinical manifestations, etiology, epidemiological features, and its impact on the cardiovascular system. Subsequently, the study discusses in detail the diagnostic methods, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies for KD, including foundational and emerging approaches such as high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin therapy, biologic therapy, and corticosteroid pulse therapy. Additionally, it outlines strategies for preventing cardiovascular complications, including early risk assessment and long-term management. The study also explores the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic with an increase in KD-like symptoms, emphasizing the need for further studies on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and KD. Lastly, it explores future research directions to enhance understanding of KD and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This study provides valuable insights into the comprehensive treatment and management of KD and highlights avenues for future research.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and incurable lung disease characterized by unknown etiology. This study employs robust ranking aggregation to identify consistent differential genes across multiple datasets, aiming to enhance prognostic evaluation and facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapy strategies for IPF. Using the GSE10667, GSE110147, and GSE24206 datasets, the analysis identifies 92 robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including SPP1, IGF1, ASPN, and KLHL13, highlighted as potential biomarkers through machine learning and experimental validation. Additionally, significant differences in immune cell types between IPF samples and controls, such as Plasma cells, Macrophages M0, Mast cells resting, T cells CD8, and NK cells resting, inform the construction of diagnostic and survival prediction models, demonstrating good applicability. These findings provide insights into IPF pathophysiology and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Biomarcadores , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/genética , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/imunologia , Humanos , Animais , Aprendizado de Máquina , Camundongos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Prognóstico , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Osteopontina/genética , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Three new flavonoids including two isoflavanones sophortones A and B (1 and 2), and one chalcone sophortone C (3) were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis. Their structures were established by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive cognitive decline and neuropathological changes. Pericytes, which are vessel mural cells on the basement membrane of capillaries, play a crucial role in regulating cerebrovascular functions and maintaining neurovascular unit integrity. Emerging research substantiates the involvement of pericytes in AD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pericytes, including their structure, origin, and markers and various functions within the central nervous system. Emphatically, the review explores the intricate mechanisms through which pericytes contribute to AD, including their interactions with amyloid beta and apolipoprotein E, as well as various signaling pathways. The review also highlights potential for targeted pericyte therapy for AD, with a focus on stem cell therapy and drug treatments. Future research directions include the classification of pericyte subtypes, studies related to aging, and the role of pericytes in exosome-related mechanisms in AD pathology. In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge on the pivotal roles of pericytes in AD and their potential as therapeutic targets, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical interventions aimed at addressing the impact of AD on patients' lives.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Pericitos , Pericitos/patologia , Pericitos/metabolismo , Pericitos/fisiologia , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Animais , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismoRESUMO
Chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora were isolated and purified by column chromatography. Their structures were identified by HR-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR, and their cytotoxicity was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Four compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 2ß-D-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosterol-5,25-diene-22-one(1), 2ß-D-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,24-diene-22-one(2), 25-acetoxy-2ß-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-ene-22-one(3) and 25-acetoxy-2ß-glucosyloxy-3ß,16α,20ß-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-(E)-diene-22-one(4). Compound 1 represents a new cucurbitane glycoside. The half inhibitory concentrations of the 4 compounds exceeded 100 µmol·L~(-1) against four tumor cell lines, indicating no significant cytotoxicity.
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Glicosídeos , Picrorhiza , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Picrorhiza/química , Estrutura Molecular , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , TriterpenosRESUMO
The HLA-A*24:627 allele differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 172 in exon 2.
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Alelos , Povo Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Antígeno HLA-A24 , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Humanos , Povo Asiático/genética , Antígeno HLA-A24/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Códon , Alinhamento de Sequência , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The synergistic effects of combining arsenic compounds with imatinib against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have been established using in vitro data. We conducted a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of the arsenic realgar-indigo naturalis formula (RIF) plus imatinib with that of imatinib monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP-CML). METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, 191 outpatients with newly diagnosed CP-CML were randomly assigned to receive oral RIF plus imatinib (n = 96) or placebo plus imatinib (n = 95). The primary end point was the major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months. Secondary end points include molecular response 4 (MR4), molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 51 months. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment to this study had to be terminated early, on May 28, 2020. The rates of MMR had no significant statistical difference between combination and imatinib arms at 6 months and any other time during the trial. MR4 rates were similar in both arms. However, the 12-month cumulative rates of MR4.5 in the combination and imatinib arms were 20.8% and 10.5%, respectively (p = 0.043). In core treatment since the 2-year analysis, the frequency of MR4.5 was 55.6% in the combination arm and 38.6% in the imatinib arm (p = 0.063). PFS and OS were similar at five years. The safety profiles were similar and serious adverse events were uncommon in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of imatinib plus RIF as a first-line treatment of CP-CML compared with imatinib might be more effective for achieving a deeper molecular response (Chinadrugtrials number, CTR20170221).
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Antineoplásicos , Arsênio , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Arsênio/uso terapêutico , Mesilato de Imatinib/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Pandemias , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: The data report of a large sample, dynamic epidemiology, and characteristic analysis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in Southwest China is not clear. Herein, we conducted descriptive dynamic epidemiology, characteristic analysis and geographical distribution study of pediatric TB inpatients in Southwest China for more than 20 years. Methods: Patients with pediatric TB were recruited from October 2002 to September 2022 in Southwest of China based on etiology or clinical confirmation. Extract hospitalization medical record information for each patient. The geographical distribution chart of cases is used to display the trend of case flow segmented every 5 years. Results: Among 3,024 pediatric TB patients with an average age of 9.11 ± 4.39, 17.49% (529) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 9.06% (274) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), and 73.45% (2,221) had combined TB. The most common form of EPTB is disseminated TB (28.98%), followed by TB lymphadenitis (20.56%), pleural TB (19.72%), and TB meningitis (19.68%). Children aged 0-4 years had a high risk of TB meningitis and a severe symptoms, while children in the elderly age group had a high risk of pleural TB. In the past 20 years, hospitalized TB pediatric cases mainly came from Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Yunnan and other places. The number of patients from ethnic minorities, especially Tibetans, showed an upward trend on a yearly basis (χ2 = 401.43, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Public health investment and effective management in pediatric TB should be further strengthened.
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Imidacloprid enters the water environment through rainfall and causes harm to aquatic crustaceans. However, the potential chronic toxicity mechanism of imidacloprid in crayfish has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were exposed to 11.76, 35.27, or 88.17 µg/L imidacloprid for 30 days, and changes in the physiology and biochemistry, gut microbiota, and transcriptome of C. quadricarinatus and the interaction between imidacloprid, gut microbiota, and genes were studied. Imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and decreased growth performance in crayfish. Imidacloprid exposure caused hepatopancreas damage and decreased serum immune enzyme activity. Hepatopancreatic and plasma acetylcholine decreased significantly in the 88.17 µg/L group. Imidacloprid reduced the diversity of the intestinal flora, increased the abundance of harmful flora, and disrupted the microbiota function. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the number of up-and-down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid. DEG enrichment analyses indicated that imidacloprid inhibits neurotransmitter transduction and immune responses and disrupts energy metabolic processes. Crayfish could alleviate imidacloprid stress by regulating antioxidant and detoxification-related genes. A high correlation was revealed between GST, HSPA1s, and HSP90 and the composition of gut microorganisms in crayfish under imidacloprid stress. This study highlights the negative effects and provides detailed sequencing data from transcriptome and gut microbiota to enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity of imidacloprid in crustaceans.
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Astacoidea , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompostos , Transcriptoma , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Neonicotinoides/toxicidade , Astacoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Astacoidea/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismoRESUMO
Cognitive impairment is recognized as a risk factor for suicide in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Despite empathy being an important aspect of social cognition, the association between suicidal behavior and empathy has received little attention. We aimed to compare empathy and neurocognition in SZ patients with and without suicide attempts (SAs), and to explore the relationship between empathy, neurocognition, and clinical symptoms in SZ patients with and without SAs. Data on SAs and socio-demographic characteristics were collected from 628 chronic SZ patients. The patients' symptomatology was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Empathy and neurocognition were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. Patients with SAs performed better on all IRI domains (except for Perspective Taking) and total scores. Regression results showed that negative symptoms, positive symptoms, and duration of illness were independently associated with IRI total score in patients without SAs (adjusted R2 = 0.048). In patients without SAs, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, education, age, and sex were independently associated with RBANS total score (adjusted R2 = 0.265), while in patients with SAs, education, PANSS total score, and age at onset were independently associated with RBANS total score (adjusted R2 = 0.456). Our results show that SZ patients with SAs may have better empathic performance than patients without SAs. In chronic SZ patients, negative and positive symptoms may have different effects on cognition in the SAs and non-SAs groups.
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Individuals with a history of childhood abuse (CA, including neglect and abuse by caregivers before the age of 18 years) have more severe substance dependence problems than those without a history of childhood abuse. However, whether a history of CA exacerbates craving and the mechanism of this effect remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of alexithymia in the effects of CA on craving in a large sample of methamphetamine-dependent individuals based on latent vulnerability theory. A total of 324 methamphetamine-dependent individuals who met DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder were recruited. CA, alexithymia, and craving data were collected from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale, respectively. t tests and ANCOVA were conducted to compare variables between the CA and non-CA groups, while partial correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the potential mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between CA and craving. Abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals reported higher levels of craving and higher levels of alexithymia than those of non-abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Alexithymia partially mediated the link between CA and craving, especially the effect of CA on craving frequency was fully mediated by alexithymia. Our findings reveal that a history of childhood abuse has a lasting effect on craving in stimulant-dependent individuals, and alexithymia contributes to some extent to the severity of substance abuse problems in abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
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Since its initial discovery in the Hunan province of China, genomic DNA of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) has been detected in pigs across multiple provinces in China, as well as in South Korea. However, the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 4 in Gansu Province, China, remains unknown. To address this gap, we undertook an extensive study where we gathered 121 clinical samples displaying diverse clinical manifestations from pig farms in Gansu Province between 2022 and 2023. Employing a real-time fluorescence quantification method, we identified the presence of PCV4 genome. Out of the 121 clinical samples analyzed, 13 samples tested positive for PCV4, resulting in a positive rate of 10.74% (13/121). This finding confirms the presence of PCV4 in pig farms within Gansu Province, China. Furthermore, we successfully sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of two distinct PCV4 strains, comparing them with 60 reference sequences archived in the GenBank database. The results revealed a high nucleotide homology (98.2-98.8%) between the strains obtained in this study and the PCV4 reference strains, indicating a relatively low evolutionary rate of the PCV4 genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two strains in this study belong to PCV4a and PCV4c. As far as we know, this study marks the inaugural report on the molecular identification and genomic attributes of PCV4 in Gansu Province, China, offering valuable insights for devising preventive and control strategies against this emerging virus.
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Infecções por Circoviridae , Circovirus , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Filogenia , Circovirus/genética , Infecções por Circoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Astaxanthin is one of the important immunopotentators in aquaculture. However, little is known about the physiological changes and stress resistance effects of astaxanthin in marine gastropods. In this study, the effects of different astaxanthin concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) on the growth, muscle composition, immune function, and resistance to ammonia stress in Babylonia areolata were investigated after three months of rearing. With the increase in astaxanthin content, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) of B. areolata showed an increasing trend. The 75-100 mg/kg group was significantly higher than the control group (0 mg/kg). There was no significant difference in the flesh shell ratio (FSR), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and soft tissue index (STI) of the experimental groups. Astaxanthin (75 mg/kg) significantly increased muscle crude protein content and increased hepatopancreas alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. Astaxanthin (75-100 mg/kg) significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and acid phosphatase (ACP) of the hepatopancreas and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of B. areolata. Astaxanthin significantly induced the expression levels of functional genes, such as SOD, Cu/ZnSOD, ferritin, ACP, and CYC in hepatopancreas and increased the survival rate of B. areolata under ammonia stress. The addition of 75-100 mg/kg astaxanthin to the feed improved the growth performance, muscle composition, immune function, and resistance to ammonia stress of B. areolata.
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Amônia , Gastrópodes , Animais , Dieta , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Gastrópodes/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata , Expressão Gênica , Músculos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais , XantofilasRESUMO
Chronic low-grade peripheral and central nervous system inflammation may have a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), the arachidonic acid pathway, may inhibit cytokine responses and minimize inflammation. In this study, we added the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib to risperidone monotherapy to examine its efficacy on clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in drug-naïve first episode (DNFE) SCZ patients. First, we genotyped two polymorphisms (rs5275 and rs689466) in the COX-2 gene in a case-control study of 353 SCZ patients and 422 healthy controls. Ninety patients participated in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of celecoxib 400 mg/day. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to assess clinical symptoms and cognition. Our results show that the COX2 rs5275 polymorphism was significantly correlated with SCZ and positive symptoms. After 12-week treatment, celecoxib significantly improved the PANSS total and three subscale scores of SCZ patients. Furthermore, patients with the rs5275 TT genotype had greater improvement in PANSS total score than patients carrying the C allele. However, no significant difference in RBANS total and subscale scores existed between the celecoxib and placebo groups at week 12. Our findings suggest that COX2 inhibitors may be promising therapeutics for clinical symptoms rather than cognitive impairment in first episode SCZ patients. COX2 rs5275 gene polymorphism may be implicated in the development and the efficacy of treating clinical symptoms in SCZ.Trial Registration Number: The trial was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00686140).
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Antipsicóticos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Celecoxib/uso terapêutico , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Farmacogenética , Resultado do Tratamento , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SZ) patients have been reported to have comorbid suicidal behavior (SB) and impaired glucose metabolism in early psychosis, but it is unclear whether impaired glucose metabolism plays a role in the occurrence of SB in patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) SZ. Therefore, our main aim was to examine the relationship between SB and glucose metabolism in FEDN SZ patients. METHODS: We recruited 319 FEDN SZ patients and collected information on their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and glucose metabolism parameters. Participants' psychotic and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also measured. RESULTS: The percentage of FEDN SZ patients with SB was 45.5% (145/319). Compared to SZ patients without SB, SZ patients with SB exhibited higher scores on HAMD, PANSS positive subscale, as well as higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that increased levels of insulin resistance (adjusted OR = 1.920), body mass index (adjusted OR = 0.931), and PANSS general psychopathology (adjusted OR = 1.041) were independently associated with SB. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve showed an Area Under Curve value of 0.732 for the combination of three factors in regression model to distinguish between SB and non-SB. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance are strongly associated with SB in FEDN SZ patients, suggesting that glucose metabolism abnormalities may be potential biomarkers of SB in SZ patients. Regular monitoring of glucose metabolism variables is essential for suicide prevention.
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Resistência à Insulina , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Ideação Suicida , Glicemia/metabolismo , InsulinaRESUMO
Objectives: This study summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, species distribution, and drug sensitivity of clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, China, from January 2017 to December 2022. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with clinically isolated NTM strains. Chi-square analysis assessed the rate of Mycobacterium strain isolation over 6 years. Results: The number of samples tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and/or NTM increased each year, while MTB detection decreased and NTM detection rose significantly each year (P=0.03). The average age of NTM patients was 51 ± 17.53 years, with a 14.1% HIV infection rate. The predominant isolates were Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAC) and M. chelonae/M. abscessus, with 96.4% of cases being of Han ethnicity. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were effective against M. avium and M. intracellulare; linezolid, amikacin, and cefoxitin were effective against M. chelonae/M. abscessus. Over 90% of NTM cases originated from the respiratory tract. Conclusion: The NTM isolation rate in Southwest China has risen in recent years, primarily among elderly patients with a high HIV co-infection rate. The main NTM isolates were MAC and M. chelonae/M. abscessus. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and linezolid exhibited strong antibacterial activity against SGM, while amikacin and linezolid displayed relatively better antibacterial activity against RGM. The prevalence of NTM infection may be positively associated with regional economic development and health conditions.
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Infecções por HIV , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas , Tuberculose , Humanos , Idoso , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Amicacina/farmacologia , Linezolida/farmacologia , Linezolida/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Moxifloxacina/farmacologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expressed at endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) is vital for vascular integrity and endothelial homeostasis. Here we identify the requirement of the ubiquitin E3-ligase CHFR as a key mechanism of ubiquitylation-dependent degradation of VE-cadherin. CHFR was essential for disrupting the endothelium through control of the VE-cadherin protein expression at AJs. We observe augmented expression of VE-cadherin in endothelial cell (EC)-restricted Chfr knockout (ChfrΔEC) mice. We also observe abrogation of LPS-induced degradation of VE-cadherin in ChfrΔEC mice, suggesting the pathophysiological relevance of CHFR in regulating the endothelial junctional barrier in inflammation. Lung endothelial barrier breakdown, inflammatory neutrophil extravasation, and mortality induced by LPS were all suppressed in ChfrΔEC mice. We find that the transcription factor FoxO1 is a key upstream regulator of CHFR expression. These findings demonstrate the requisite role of the endothelial cell-expressed E3-ligase CHFR in regulating the expression of VE-cadherin, and thereby endothelial junctional barrier integrity.
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Junções Aderentes , Ubiquitina , Animais , Camundongos , Junções Aderentes/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ligases/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Endotélio/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Células CultivadasRESUMO
Biochar is widely used in agricultural production practices as a soil conditioner that can be used both alone and jointly with chemical fertilizer. However, there are few studies on the effects of the combined application of biochar and phosphate fertilizer with different particle sizes on soil and plants. In this experiment, pot experiments were used to study the effects of biochar with different particle sizes on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and Alfalfa nutrient absorption under two phosphorus levels (according to diameter, the biochar was divided into C1:>1 mm and C2:<0.01 mm). This study showed that the combined application of biochar and phosphorus significantly improved soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and Alfalfa nutrient absorption. Among them, the C2 treatment significantly increased the soil available phosphorus content and phosphatase activity (P<0.05), whereas the C1 treatment had a significant effect on ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, urease, and catalase activities (P<0.05). Moreover, the differences in nutrients and enzymes among biochar treatments with different particle sizes were affected by soil phosphorus levels. At the P0 level, there was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents between the C1 and C2 treatments. At the P1 level, the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the C1 treatment were 24.19% and 18.68% higher than those in the C2 treatment (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the C1 and C2 treatments. Phosphorus addition significantly increased the N and P contents of Alfalfa above ground and in the ground (P<0.05), but there was no significant effect on the nutrient content of Alfalfa between different particle sizes of biochar. In conclusion, biochar and phosphate fertilizer can be used as an effective means of soil improvement. In addition, when using biochar for soil improvement, the impact of particle size on soil nutrients and soil enzymes should be considered.
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Fósforo , Solo , Fertilizantes , Medicago sativa , Nitratos , Fosfatos , Nitrogênio , NutrientesRESUMO
AIM: To review the literature related to symptom management, clinical significance and related theoretical framework systems in adult patients with brain tumours. BACKGROUND: As understanding of symptoms or symptom clusters and underlying biologic mechanisms has grown, it is apparent that symptom science is moving forward. Although some progress has been made in the symptom science of solid tumours such as breast and lung neoplasms, insufficient attention has been paid to symptom management for patients suffering from brain tumours. Further research is needed to achieve effective symptom management for these patients. DESIGN: A literature review with a systematic search of symptom management in adult brain tumours. METHODS: Electronic data bases were searched to obtain relevant published literature on symptom management in adults with brain tumours. This was then analysed and a synthesis of relevant findings is presented. FINDINGS: Four significant general themes relating to symptom management of brain tumours in adults were identified: (1) The potential theoretical foundation related to symptom management was revealed. (2) Widely accepted validated scales or questionnaires for the assessment of single symptoms or symptom clusters were recommended. (3) Several symptom clusters and the underlying biologic mechanisms have been reported. (4) Specific symptom interventions for adults with brain tumours were collected and classified as evidence-based or insufficient evidence. CONCLUSION: There are still many challenges in the effective management of symptoms in adults with brain tumours. The guiding role of theoretical frameworks or models related to symptom management should be utilized in future research. Using the concept of symptom clustering for research into symptoms found in patients with brain tumours, exploring common biological mechanisms for specific symptom clusters and making full use of modern big data resources to build a strong evidence base for an effective intervention or management program may inform the management of symptoms among these patients leading to better results. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This is a literature review. IMPLICATIONS FOR SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT: The ultimate goal is obviously not only improving the survival rate of patients with brain tumours, but also enhancing their quality of life. Several important findings from our review include the theoretical foundations, validated assessment tools, the assessment of symptom clusters and the underlying biologic mechanism, and the identification of the evidence base for symptom interventions. These are of relevance for managers, researchers and practitioners and may function as a reference to help the effective symptom management for adults with brain tumours.