Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production over S-scheme In2S3/molten salt modified C3N5 heterojunction.

Graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N5), as a novel n-type metal-free material, is employed as a visible light-receptive catalyst because of its narrow band gap and abundant nitrogen. To overcome the low carrier mobility efficiency of g-C3N5, its modification by K ions was adopted. In addition, In2S3 was selected to couple with modified g-C3N5 to overcome the recombination of photogenerated e-/h+. As a novel photocatalytic material, it was proven to possess a high visible light absorption capacity and a strong H2O2 production ability (up to 3.89 mmol⋅L-1 in 2 h). Moreover, a S-scheme heterojunction structure was successfully constructed between the two materials, which was tested and confirmed to be successful in raising the photogenerated e-/h+ separation efficiency. Ultimately, the primary processes of photocatalytic H2O2 production were summarized by superoxide radical and rotating disc electron measurements. This research provides a fresh perspective for the synthesis of C3N5-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for producing H2O2.

The Glucose-Succinate Pathway: A Crucial Anaerobic Metabolic Pathway in the Scallop Chlamys farreri Experiencing Heat Stress.

Recently, the increase in marine temperatures has become an important global marine environmental issue. The ability of energy supply in marine animals plays a crucial role in avoiding the stress of elevated temperatures. The investigation into anaerobic metabolism, an essential mechanism for regulating energy provision under heat stress, is limited in mollusks. In this study, key enzymes of four anaerobic metabolic pathways were identified in the genome of scallop Chlamys farreri, respectively including five opine dehydrogenases (CfOpDHs), two aspartate aminotransferases (CfASTs) divided into cytoplasmic (CfAST1) and mitochondrial subtype (CfAST2), and two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (CfPEPCKs) divided into a primitive type (CfPEPCK2) and a cytoplasmic subtype (CfPEPCK1). It was surprising that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme in the anaerobic metabolism of the glucose-lactate pathway in vertebrates, was absent in the genome of scallops. Phylogenetic analysis verified that CfOpDHs clustered according to the phylogenetic relationships of the organisms rather than substrate specificity. Furthermore, CfOpDHs, CfASTs, and CfPEPCKs displayed distinct expression patterns throughout the developmental process and showed a prominent expression in muscle, foot, kidney, male gonad, and ganglia tissues. Notably, CfASTs displayed the highest level of expression among these genes during the developmental process and in adult tissues. Under heat stress, the expression of CfASTs exhibited a general downregulation trend in the six tissues examined. The expression of CfOpDHs also displayed a downregulation trend in most tissues, except CfOpDH1/3 in striated muscle showing significant up-regulation at some time points. Remarkably, CfPEPCK1 was significantly upregulated in all six tested tissues at almost all time points. Therefore, we speculated that the glucose-succinate pathway, catalyzed by CfPEPCK1, serves as the primary anaerobic metabolic pathway in mollusks experiencing heat stress, with CfOpDH3 catalyzing the glucose-opine pathway in striated muscle as supplementary. Additionally, the high and stable expression level of CfASTs is crucial for the maintenance of the essential functions of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This study provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the key enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism pathways, which holds significant importance in understanding the mechanism of energy supply in mollusks.

Activating Macrophage Continual Efferocytosis via Microenvironment Biomimetic Short Fibers for Reversing Inflammation in Bone Repair.

Efferocytosis-mediated inflammatory reversal plays a crucial role in bone repairing process. However, in refractory bone defects, the macrophage continual efferocytosis may be suppressed due to the disrupted microenvironment homeostasis, particularly the loss of apoptotic signals and overactivation of intracellular oxidative stress. In this study, a polydopamine-coated short fiber matrix containing biomimetic "apoptotic signals" to reconstruct the microenvironment and reactivate macrophage continual efferocytosis for inflammatory reversal and bone defect repair is presented. The "apoptotic signals" (AM/CeO2) are prepared using CeO2 nanoenzymes with apoptotic neutrophil membrane coating for macrophage recognition and oxidative stress regulation. Additionally, a short fiber "biomimetic matrix" is utilized for loading AM/CeO2 signals via abundant adhesion sites involving π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Ultimately, the implantable apoptosis-mimetic nanoenzyme/short-fiber matrixes (PFS@AM/CeO2), integrating apoptotic signals and biomimetic matrixes, are constructed to facilitate inflammatory reversal and reestablish the pro-efferocytosis microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that the microenvironment biomimetic short fibers can activate macrophage continual efferocytosis, leading to the suppression of overactivated inflammation. The enhanced repair of rat femoral defect further demonstrates the osteogenic potential of the pro-efferocytosis strategy. It is believed that the regulation of macrophage efferocytosis through microenvironment biomimetic materials can provide a new perspective for tissue repair.

Circ_0003945: an emerging biomarker and therapeutic target for human diseases.

Due to the rapid development of RNA sequencing techniques, a circular non-coding RNA (ncRNA) known as circular RNAs (circRNAs) has gradually come into focus. As a distinguished member of the circRNA family, circ_0003945 has garnered attention for its aberrant expression and biochemical functions in human diseases. Subsequent studies have revealed that circ_0003945 could regulate tumor cells proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and radio resistance through the molecular mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) during tumorigenesis. The expression of circ_0003945 is frequently associated with some clinical parameters and implies a poorer prognosis in the majority of cancers. In non-malignant conditions, circ_0003945 also holds considerable importance in diseases pathogenesis. This review aims to recapitulate molecular mechanism of circ_0003945 and elucidates its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in neoplasms and other diseases.

Grappling with the trade-offs of carbon emission trading and green certificate: Achieving carbon neutrality in China.

Although our knowledge of national carbon emission trading system and green certificate trading system are powerful incentive instruments that can deliver on increasingly ambitious climate targets in China, there remains an uncertainty of systems' structural reforms. This study builds on and extends a well-established dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to incorporate carbon trading system and green certificate trading system into the modeling framework, simulating a diverse of system development pathways further allows an exploration of the many possible policy effect. Then, using total factor productivity as a comprehensive indicator to asses policy effectiveness, the evolutionary trend of comprehensive effects under different paths are separately evaluated to discover the reforms' optimal range. Our work offers main results: First, these instruments provide a price signal. The introduction of a carbon allowance auction drive up carbon prices, while the implementation of a green certificate punishment and the expansion of the trading scope promote an increase in green certificate prices. Second, all policy scenarios that help reduce carbon emission intensity and optimize the power supply structure. However, in achieving the net-zero goal, the green certificate policy incurs more economic costs than the carbon trading policy. Indeed, the combination of multiple policy tools alleviates the decline of social welfare levels. Third, synergism design among policy tools: the focus should be on carbon trading policy from 2021 to 2030, green certificate trading policy from 2030 to 2050, and strengthened policy from 2050 to 2060. Reform measures within policies may need to be introduced in a timely manner. This study offers specific insights and tailored policy proposals to support policymakers in balancing environmental goals with economic and social needs in light of the aforementioned findings.

Catalytic Intramolecular Ketone Haloacylation Enabled Stereoselective Heterolytic Cleavage of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Enhanced Reactivity and Regioselectivity beyond Electronics.

By integration of oxocarbenium activation and Lewis acid coordination activation via conformational proximity-driven, Pd(II)- or Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular ketone haloacylation, regio- and stereoselective heterolytic ring-opening 1,5-haloacylation of cyclopropyl ketones, including those with weak single alkyl donors, has been developed for the synthesis of valuable α-quaternary halo-γ-butenolides. The vicinal carboxylic acid and ketone acceptors are no longer just spectator activators. Further, this reaction delivers a constant regioselectivity regardless of the electronic nature of substituents, even the malonate.

Clinical study of 57 cases of endovascular treatment for total subclavian artery occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for totally occlusive lesions of the subclavian artery (SCA). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 57 patients treated with angioplasty and stenting, including 42 males and 15 females, with an average age of 61.8 years (range: 49 to 81 years). Efficacy, safety, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Procedural success was achieved for 47/57 patients and symptoms were relieved. Rat-tail occlusion is the most common type, and all cases were successfully recanalized. Plain type occlusion is less common with a recanalization rate of 55.6%. Hilly and plain occlusions are the main types of stent implantation failure. Through univariate analysis and trend matching analysis, the type of SCA occlusion and surgical approach had statistical significance on the success rate of surgery. The mean follow-up time was 34.6 ± 16.2 months. The cumulative stent patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 95.5%, 86.4%, and 77.3% in the calcified plaque group and 92.0%, 76.0%, and 68.0% in the non-calcified plaque group, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year patency rates in the calcified plaque group were higher than those in the non-calcified plaque group (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Different occlusion types and surgical approaches can affect the surgical success rate. The combined femoral and brachial approach can improve the rate of recanalization of SCA occlusions. The patency rates at 3 and 5 years in the calcified plaque group were higher than those in the non-calcified plaque group.

A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines.

Although protein subunit vaccines generally have acceptable safety profiles with precise antigenic content, limited immunogenicity can lead to unsatisfactory humoral and cellular immunity and the need for vaccine adjuvants and delivery system. Herein, we assess a vaccine adjuvant system comprising Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) and cobalt porphyrin polymeric micelles that enabling the display of His-tagged antigen on its surface. The nanoscale micelles promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation to induce robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and germinal center formation. Using the recombinant protein antigens from influenza A and rabies virus, the micelle adjuvant system elicited robust antiviral responses and protected mice from lethal challenge. In addition, this system could be combined with other antigens to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in models of three highly pathogenic viral pathogens: Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Nipah virus. Collectively, our results demonstrate this polymeric micelle adjuvant system can be used as a potent nanoplatform for developing antiviral vaccine countermeasures that promote humoral and cellular immunity.

Targeted therapy of kidney disease with nanoparticle drug delivery materials.

With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely used, offering specific drug delivery to target sites, minimal side effects, and significant therapeutic effects. The kidneys have filtration and reabsorption functions, with various potential target cell types and a complex structural environment, making the strategies for kidney function protection and recovery after injury complex. This also lays the foundation for the application of nanomedicine in kidney diseases. Currently, evidence in preclinical and clinical settings supports the feasibility of targeted therapy for kidney diseases using drug delivery based on nanomaterials. The prerequisite for nanomedicine in treating kidney diseases is the use of carriers with good biocompatibility, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, liposomes, micelles, dendrimer polymers, adenoviruses, lysozymes, and elastin-like polypeptides. These carriers have precise renal uptake, longer half-life, and targeted organ distribution, protecting and improving the efficacy of the drugs they carry. Additionally, attention should also be paid to the toxicity and solubility of the carriers. While the carriers mentioned above have been used in preclinical studies for targeted therapy of kidney diseases both in vivo and in vitro, extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nano drugs in the human body. This review will discuss the advantages and limitations of nanoscale drug carrier materials in treating kidney diseases, provide a more comprehensive catalog of nanocarrier materials, and offer prospects for their drug-loading efficacy and clinical applications.

Effect of ethanol addition on the physicochemical, structural and in vitro digestive properties of Tartary buckwheat starch-quercetin/rutin complexes.

The effects of ethanol on the physicochemical, structural and in vitro digestive properties of Tartary buckwheat starch-quercetin/rutin complexes (e-TBSQ and e-TBSR) were investigated. Ethanol restricted the gelatinization of Tartary buckwheat starch (TBS), which resulted an increase in ∆H, G' and G" as well as a decrease in apparent viscosity of e-TBSQ and e-TBSR. The particle size, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that ethanol influenced the morphological structure of TBS granules and the starch crystalline structure in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR changed from B-type to V-type when the ethanol concentration was 25%. Saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance results revealed that ethanol weakened the binding ability of quercetin/rutin to TBS in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR, leading to a change in the binding site on the quercetin structural unit. The residual ungelatinized TBS granules in e-TBSQ and e-TBSR induced a high slowly digestible starch content, and thus displayed a "resistant-to-digestion".

Association Between rs2278426 Polymorphism of the ANGPTL8 Gene and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Purpose: To study the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2278426 in the angiopoietin-like protein 8 gene (ANGPTL8) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients and methods: A total of 122 patients with PCOS and 108 controls were recruited for comparison of glucose, lipid, insulin, sex hormone, and ANGPTL8 levels. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing were performed for comparison of the frequency of the CC, CT, and TT rs2278426 genotypes and the rs2278426 allele distributions between the PCOS and control groups and between the obese and non-obese subgroups of the PCOS and control groups. Results: The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in the PCOS group than that in the controls (P = 0.037). In the dominant genetic model, the proportion of the CT+TT genotype in the PCOS group was significantly higher than that in the controls (P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the T allele proportion was significantly higher in obese PCOS group than obese control group (P = 0.027). PCOS with the CT+TT genotype had significantly higher body mass index (BMI; P = 0.001), triglyceride (TG; P = 0.005), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P = 0.035), testosterone (P = 0.041), and ANGPTL8 (P = 0.037) levels and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P = 0.025) than PCOS with the CC genotype. Obese PCOS group with the CT+TT genotype had significantly higher TG (P = 0.015), luteinizing hormone (LH; P = 0.030), fasting insulin (FINS; P = 0.039), HOMA-IR (P = 0.018), and ANGPTL8 (P = 0.049) levels than obese PCOS group with the CC genotype. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of rs2278426 may induce glycolipid metabolic disorders by affecting ANGPTL8 levels and functions in Han Chinese females with obesity from the Shandong region, increasing the risk of PCOS in this population.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the PUB Gene Family in Zoysia japonica under Salt Stress.

The U-box protein family of ubiquitin ligases is important in the biological processes of plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Plants in the genus Zoysia are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrass species with drought, wear and salt tolerance. In this study, we conducted the genome-wide identification of plant U-box (PUB) genes in Zoysia japonica based on U-box domain searching. In total, 71 ZjPUB genes were identified, and a protein tree was constructed of AtPUBs, OsPUBs, and ZjPUBs, clustered into five groups. The gene structures, characteristics, cis-elements and protein interaction prediction network were analyzed. There were mainly ABRE, ERE, MYB and MYC cis-elements distributed in the promoter regions of ZjPUBs. ZjPUBs were predicted to interact with PDR1 and EXO70B1, related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway. To better understand the roles of ZjPUBs under salt stress, the expression levels of 18 ZjPUBs under salt stress were detected using transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, revealing that 16 ZjPUBs were upregulated in the roots under salt treatment. This indicates that ZjPUBs might participate in the Z. japonica salt stress response. This research provides insight into the Z. japonica PUB gene family and may support the genetic improvement in the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant zoysiagrass varieties.

Multi-Time-Scale Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Marine Renewable Energy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm.

Surrounded by the Shandong Peninsula, the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea possess vast marine energy resources. An analysis of actual meteorological data from these regions indicates significant seasonality and intra-day uncertainty in wind and photovoltaic power generation. The challenge of scheduling to leverage the complementary characteristics of various renewable energy sources for maintaining grid stability is substantial. In response, we have integrated wave energy with offshore photovoltaic and wind power generation and propose a day-ahead and intra-day multi-time-scale rolling optimization scheduling strategy for the complementary dispatch of these three energy sources. Using real meteorological data from this maritime area, we employed a CNN-LSTM neural network to predict the power generation and load demand of the area on both day-ahead 24 h and intra-day 1 h time scales, with the DDPG algorithm applied for refined electricity management through rolling optimization scheduling of the forecast data. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively meets load demands through complementary scheduling of wave power, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation based on the climatic characteristics of the Bohai and Yellow Sea regions, reducing the negative impacts of the seasonality and intra-day uncertainty of these three energy sources on the grid. Additionally, compared to the day-ahead scheduling strategy alone, the day-ahead and intra-day rolling optimization scheduling strategy achieved a reduction in system costs by 16.1% and 22% for a typical winter day and a typical summer day, respectively.

Tenascin C activates the toll­like receptor 4/NF­κB signaling pathway to promote the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a globally prevalent gynecological disorder among women of childbearing age. The present study aimed to investigate the role of tenascin C (TNC) in PCOS and its potential mechanisms. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the serum hormone levels were determined in PCOS rats. In addition, H&E staining was used for assessing pathology. In addition, the effects of TNC on oxidative stress and inflammation response in PCOS rat and cell models was assessed. Furthermore, the roles of TNC on KGN cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined employing EdU assay and flow cytometry. TLR4/NF­κB pathway­related proteins were measured using western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. It was found that the mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in PCOS rats and in KGN cells induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Knockdown of TNC relieved the pathological characteristics and the endocrine abnormalities of PCOS rats. Knockdown of TNC inhibited ovarian cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS rats. Knockdown of TNC reversed the DHT­induced reduction in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis in KGN cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TNC alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by DHT in KGN cells. Additionally, knockdown of TNC inhibited the toll­like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF­κB signaling pathway in PCOS rats and DHT­treated KGN cells. In conclusion, knockdown of TNC could ameliorate PCOS in both rats and a cell model by inhibiting cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation via the suppression of the TLR4/NF­κB signaling pathway.

A CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal in Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles.

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) Ac93 is highly conserved in all sequenced baculovirus genomes, and it plays important roles in both the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and the formation of intranuclear microvesicles. In this study, we characterized a cellular CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) of AcMNPV Ac93. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that AcMNPV Ac93 may contain an NES at amino acids 115-125. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the NES (GFP:NES) of AcMNPV Ac93 is localized to the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Multiple point mutation analysis demonstrated that NES is important for the nuclear export of GFP:NES. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Ac93 interacts with Spodoptera frugiperda CRM1 (SfCRM1). However, AcMNPV Ac34 inhibits cellular CRM1-dependent nuclear export of GFP:NES. To determine whether the NES in AcMNPV Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles, an ac93-null AcMNPV bacmid was constructed; the wild-type and NES-mutated Ac93 were reinserted into the ac93-null AcMNPV bacmid. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Ac93 and SfCRM1 were predominantly colocalized at intranuclear microvesicles in infected cells, while the construct containing point mutations at residues 123 and 125 of Ac93 resulted in a defect in budded virus production and the abolishment of intranuclear microvesicles. Together, these data demonstrate that Ac93 contains a functional NES, which is required for the production of progeny viruses and the formation of intranuclear microvesicles.IMPORTANCEAutographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) Ac93 is important for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles. However, how the baculovirus manipulates Ac93 for the formation of intranuclear microvesicles is unclear. In this study, we identified a nuclear export signal (NES) at amino acids 115-125 of AcMNPV Ac93. Our results showed that the NES is required for the interaction between Ac93 and Spodoptera frugiperda CRM1 (SfCRM1). However, AcMNPV Ac34 inhibits the nuclear export of green fluorescent protein fused to the NES. Our analysis revealed that Ac93 and SfCRM1 were predominantly colocalized at intranuclear microvesicles in AcMNPV-infected cells. Together, our results indicate that Ac93 participates in the formation of intranuclear microvesicles via the Ac93 NES-mediated CRM1 pathway.

White matter biomarker for predicting de novo Parkinson's disease using tract-based spatial statistics: a machine learning-based model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an irreversible, chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, potentially associated with cerebral white matter (WM) lesions. Investigating the microstructural alterations within the WM in the early stages of PD can help to identify the disease early and enable intervention to reduce the associated serious threats to health. Methods: This study selected 227 cases from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, including 152 de novo PD patients and 75 normal controls (NC). Whole-brain voxel analysis of the WM was performed using the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method. The WM regions with statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the PD and NC groups were identified and used as masks. The mask was applied to each case's fractional anisotropy (FA) image to extract voxel values as feature vectors. Geometric dimensionality reduction was then applied to eliminate redundant values in the feature vectors. Subsequently, the cases were randomly divided into a training group (158 cases, including 103 PD patients and 55 NC) and a test group (69 cases, including 49 PD patients and 20 NC). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm was employed to extract the minimal set of relevant features, then the random forest (RF) algorithm was utilized for classification using 5-fold cross validation. The resulting model was further integrated with clinical factors to create a comprehensive prediction model. Results: In comparison to the NC group, the FA values in PD patients exhibited a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05), indicating the presence of widespread WM lesions across multiple brain regions. Moreover, the PD prediction model, constructed based on these WM lesion regions, yielded prediction accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 0.778 and 0.865 in the validation set, and 0.783 and 0.831 in the test set, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the integrated model showed some improvement, with ACC and AUC values in the test set reaching 0.804 and 0.844, respectively. Conclusions: The quantitative calculation of WM lesion area on FA images using the TBSS method can serve as a neuroimaging biomarker for diagnosing and predicting early PD at the individual level. When integrated with clinical variables, the predictive performance improves.

Frontostriatal circuit dysfunction leads to cognitive inflexibility in neuroligin-3 R451C knockin mice.

Cognitive and behavioral rigidity are observed in various psychiatric diseases, including in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that neuroligin-3 (NL3) R451C knockin mouse model of autism (KI mice) exhibited deficits in behavioral flexibility in choice selection tasks. Single-unit recording of medium spiny neuron (MSN) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) revealed altered encoding of decision-related cue and impaired updating of choice anticipation in KI mice. Additionally, fiber photometry demonstrated significant disruption in dynamic mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signaling for reward prediction errors (RPEs), along with reduced activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons projecting to the NAc in KI mice. Interestingly, NL3 re-expression in the mPFC, but not in the NAc, rescued the deficit of flexible behaviors and simultaneously restored NAc-MSN encoding, DA dynamics, and mPFC-NAc output in KI mice. Taken together, this study reveals the frontostriatal circuit dysfunction underlying cognitive inflexibility and establishes a critical role of the mPFC NL3 deficiency in this deficit in KI mice. Therefore, these findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of cognitive and behavioral inflexibility and potential intervention strategies.

Can the digitalization level of agriculture improve its ecological efficiency under carbon constraints: Evidence from China.

The interplay between digitalization and economic development constitutes a pivotal global issue, yet empirical research on agricultural ecological efficiency in developing countries remains limited. This study initially establishes a measurement system and a comprehensive index for the level of agricultural digitalization. Subsequently, it delineates the relationship between agricultural digitalization level and agroecological efficiency using the spatial Durbin model, and ultimately explores the enhancing effect of agricultural digitalization level on agroecological efficiency using China as a case study. Research reveals that the agricultural ecological efficiency across the 31 mainland Chinese provinces demonstrates a generally linear upward trajectory, embodying both agglomeration and heterogeneity. The level of agricultural digitization exerts a significant, positive direct impact and facilitates a spatial spillover effect on agricultural ecological efficiency. Other control variables, such as financial support for agriculture and local economic development, impart a positive direct impact on regional agricultural ecological efficiency, while rural household operating income propels a positive spatial spillover effect on adjacent areas. The findings furnish guidance for developing countries to adeptly execute digital rural construction, aiming to enhance agricultural ecological efficiency amidst carbon constraints.

Schizosthetus Athias-Henriot, 1982 (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae): the description of a new species from China.

A new species, Schizosthetus baixuelii sp. nov., is described based on females from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. A key to the known species of the genus is presented.

miR-873-5p Suppression Reinvigorates Aging Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Improves Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction.

Aging poses obstacles to the functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in a notable decline in their valuable contribution to myocardial infarction (MI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in governing MSC aging; nonetheless, the specific mechanisms remain puzzling. This research delved into the value of miR-873-5p in the management of MSC aging and investigated whether the restraint of miR-873-5p could regenerate aged MSCs (AMSCs), thereby enhancing their healing success for MI. In this study, MSCs were isolated from both young donors (referred to as YMSCs) and aged donors (referred to as AMSCs). The senescence status of these MSCs was evaluated through the application of age-related ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) staining. Following this assessment, the MSCs, including those treated with anti-miR-873-5p-AMSCs, were then transplanted into the hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats experiencing acute myocardial infarction. Increasing miR-873-5p levels in YMSCs resulted in elevated cellular aging, whereas reducing miR-873-5p expression decreased aging in AMSCs. Mechanistically, miR-873-5p inhibited autophagy in MSCs through the AMPK signaling pathway, leading to cellular aging by suppressing the Cab39 expression. Partial alleviation of these effects was achieved by the administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Grafting of anti-miR-873-5p-AMSCs, by enhancing angiogenesis and bolstering cell survival, led to an improvement in cardiac function in the rat model, unlike the transplantation of AMSCs. miR-873-5p which serves as a pivotal element in mediating MSC aging through its regulation of the Cab39/AMPK signaling pathway. It represents an innovative target for revitalizing AMSCs and enhancing their heart-protective abilities.