Trends in temporal and spatial changes of Japanese encephalitis in Chinese mainland, 2004-2019: A population-based surveillance study.

BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious health concern in China, with approximately 80 % of global infections occurring in China. To develop effective prevention and control strategies, this study explored the epidemiological characteristics of JE in China based on spatiotemporal data, to understand the patterns and trends of JE incidence in different regions and time periods. METHOD: The incidence and mortality rates of JE were extracted from the Public Health Data Center, the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2004 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was applied to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and annual percentage change in incidence and mortality of the JE. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2019, a total of 43,569 cases of JE were diagnosed, including 2081 deaths. The annual incidence rate of JE decreased from 0.4171/100,000 in 2004 to 0.0298/100,000 in 2019, with an annual percentage change (APC) of -13.5 % (P < 0.001). The annual mortality rate of JE showed three stages of change, with inflection points in 2006 and 2014. The incidence and mortality rates of JE have declined in all provinces of China, and more cases were reported in 0-14 years of age, accounting for nearly 80 % of all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity and mortality rates of JE in China are generally on a downward trend, and emphasis should be placed on strengthening disease surveillance in special areas and populations, popularizing vaccination, and increasing publicity.

In-Situ-Bloomed Micrometer-Scale Ultrathin Nanosheets in Tumor-Microenvironment for Intensive Photothermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), as the emerging modality of cancer therapy based on Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, still suffers from low efficacy of hydroxyl radical generation, which requires full exposure of reaction sites of CDT nanoagents to intracellular H2O2. However, the amount of exposed reaction sites is severely restrained by the controlled size (<200 nm) and the limited specific surface area of nanoagents. Herein, we highlight the in-situ bloomed micrometer-scale CoMn-based layered double hydroxide (CoMn-LDH) ultrathin nanosheets, which are derived from CoMn boride-based CMB@ss-SF nanospheres in response to overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and dissolved oxygen in tumor microenvironment (TME), accomplishing intensive photothermal-enhanced CDT. The micrometer-scale CoMn-LDH ultrathin nanosheets would provide abundant reactive sites to accelerate heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction as well as GSH depletion, eliciting quick release of metal ions and further realizing intensive homogeneous Fenton-like reactions for ·OH generation. Moreover, the nanoagent can harvest 808 nm light into heat, which can be utilized to promote the CDT efficacy and realize photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Because of acidity and overexpressed GSH in TME, the nanoagent exhibited superior biodegradability. Benefiting from the synergistic advantages, CMB@ss-SF with negligible cytotoxicity completely eradicated the tumors in mouse. This work provides avenue for developing CDT nanoagents.

Inequity in inpatient services utilization: a longitudinal comparative analysis of middle-aged and elderly patients with the chronic non-communicable diseases in China.

BACKGROUND: Aging and the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) challenge the Chinese government in the process of providing hospitalization services fairly and reasonably. The Chinese government has developed the basic medical insurance system to solve the problem of "expensive medical cost and difficult medical services" for vulnerable groups and alleviate the unfair phenomenon. However, few studies have confirmed its effect through longitudinal comparison. This study aimed to explore the trend in the inequity of inpatient use among middle-aged and elderly individuals with NCDs in China. METHODS: This longitudinal comparative study was based on CHARLS data in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Concentration index (CI) was used to measure the variation trend of inequity of inpatient services utilization, while the decomposition method of the CI was applied to measure the factors contributing to inequity in inpatient services utilization. The effect of each factor on the change of inequity in inpatient services utilization was divided into the change of the elasticity and the change of inequality using the Oaxaca-type decomposition method. RESULTS: The affluent middle-aged and elderly patients with NCDs used more inpatient services than poor groups. The per capita household consumption expenditure (PCE) and Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) contributed to the decline in pro-rich inequality of inpatient use, while the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) contributed to the decline in pro-poor inequality of inpatient use. CONCLUSIONS: There was a certain degree of pro-rich unfairness in the probability and frequency of inpatient services utilization for middle-aged and elderly individuals with NCDs in China. The decrease of pro-wealth contribution of PCE and UEBMI offset the decrease of pro-poor contribution of NRCMS, and improved the equity of inpatient services utilization, favoring poor people.

Adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction in rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically assess the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy and its influential factors on the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in rats. METHODS: Two authors independently searched for published studies through PubMed and EMBASE from study inception until August 31, 2016. A meta-analysis was used to combine the effect estimate from the published studies. A subgroup analysis was performed to identify the effect of some influential factors. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a fixed-effects or random-effects model analysis. RESULTS: Twenty studies with a total of 248 rats were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that ADSC therapy significantly increased the ratio of intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP; SMD 3.46, 95% CI 2.85-4.06; P < 0.001) compared to control therapy. The levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; SMD 6.37, 95% CI 4.35-8.39; P < 0.001), the cavernous smooth muscle content (CSMC; SMD 3.65, 95% CI 2.65-4.65; P < 0.001), the ratio of cavernous smooth muscle and collagen (CSM/collagen; SMD 4.16, 95% CI 2.59-5.72; P < 0.001), and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; SMD 7.12, 95% CI 2.76-11.48; P = 0.001) were higher following ADSC therapy than following control therapy. Subgroup analysis showed that ADSCs modified by growth or neurotrophic factors significantly recovered erectile function (P < 0.001) compared with ADSC therapy. CONCLUSION: The adequate data indicated that ADSC therapy recovered erectile function and regenerated cavernous structures in ED rats, and ADSCs modified by some growth and neurotrophic factors accelerated the recovery of erectile function and cavernous structures in ED rats.

Bis((E)-2-{5,5-di-methyl-3-[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-κN (4))styr-yl]cyclo-hex-2-enyl-idene}malono-nitrile)-diiodido-mercury(II).

In the title complex, [HgI2(C21H19N5)2], the Hg(II) ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by two I atoms and two N atoms from two (E)-2-{5,5-di-methyl-3-[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)styr-yl]cyclo-hex-2-enyl-idene}malono-nitrile ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular π-π inter-actions between the triazole and benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.794 (3) Å] into a band extending in [010]. These bands are further connected by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).