N, N'-bidentate ligand anchored palladium catalysts on MOFs for efficient Heck reaction.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), recognized as advanced catalyst carriers due to their adjustable porous, diverse structure and highly exposed active sites, have earned increasing attention for their potential to address the longevity of catalytic centers. In this manuscript, we have devised and synthesized a multifunctional amino-pyridine benzoic acid (APBA) ligand to replace the modulator ligand of the MOF-808 and disperse the palladium catalytic centers atomically on the MOF-APBA. The resulting single-site catalytic system, Pd@MOF-APBA, demonstrates preeminent efficiency and stability, as evidenced by a high average turnover number (95000) and a low metal residue (4.8 ppm) in the Heck reaction. This catalyst has exhibited recyclability for multiple runs without significant loss of reactivity for gram-scale reactions. The catalyst's high activity and efficiency can be attributed to the suitable electrical properties and structures of the N, N'-bidentate ligand for the catalytic palladium ions, postponing their deactivations, including leaching and agglomeration.

[Research on Development of Nursing Bed Lifting Mechanism Technology].

Nursing beds can be widely used in medical institutions and households to provide medical care for patients or disabled individuals. With the increasing demand for nursing, nursing beds are developing towards intelligence and comfort. In this study, the backrest lifting mechanism of nursing beds is selected as the research object. The standards for backrest angle adjustment and the basis for comfort judgment are reviewed, and the research on various adjustment configurations are sorted in order to provide assistance to relevant research institutions in understanding current technologies and assist users in making choices.

Limit state equation and failure pressure prediction model of pipeline with complex loading.

Assessing failure pressure is critical in determining pipeline integrity. Current research primarily concerns the buckling performance of pressurized pipelines subjected to a bending load or axial compression force, with some also looking at the failure pressure of corroded pipelines. However, there is currently a lack of limit state models for pressurized pipelines with bending moments and axial forces. In this study, based on the unified yield criterion, we propose a limit state equation for steel pipes under various loads. The most common operating loads on buried pipelines are bending moment, internal pressure, and axial force. The proposed limit state equation for intact pipelines is based on a three-dimensional pipeline stress model with complex load coupling. Using failure data, we investigate the applicability of various yield criteria in assessing the failure pressure of pipelines with complex loads. We show that the evaluation model can be effectively used as a theoretical solution for assessing the failure pressure in such circumstances and for selecting appropriate yield criteria based on load condition differences.

Selenium May Be Involved in Esophageal Squamous Cancer Prevention by Affecting GPx3 and FABP1 Expression: A Case-Control Study Based on Bioinformatic Analysis.

The role of selenium in the developmental process of esophageal cancer (EC) requires further investigation. To explore the relationship between selenium-related factors and EC through bioinformatic analysis, a case-control study was conducted to verify the results. Utilizing the GEPIA and TCGA databases, we delineated the differential expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) in EC and normal tissues, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and a performed visualization analysis. Additionally, 100 pairs of dietary and plasma samples from esophageal precancerous lesions (EPLs) of esophageal squamous cancer (ESCC) cases and healthy controls from Huai'an district, Jiangsu, were screened. The levels of dietary selenium, plasma selenium, and related enzymes were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or ELISA kits. The results showed lower GPx3 expression in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Further analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in the fat digestion and absorption pathway, and the core protein fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) was significantly upregulated and negatively correlated with GPx3 expression. Our case-control study found that selenium itself was not associated with EPLs risk. However, both the decreased concentration of GPx3 and the increase in FABP1 were positively correlated with the EPLs risk (p for trend = 0.035 and 0.046, respectively). The different expressions of GPx3 and FABP1 reflect the potential of selenium for preventing ESCC at the EPLs stage. GPx3 may affect myocardial infarction through FABP1, which remains to be further studied.

The neuroimmune pathway of high-altitude adaptation: influence of erythrocytes on attention networks through inflammation and the autonomic nervous system.

Introduction: Many studies have shown that the functional adaptation of immigrants to high-altitude is closely related to oxygen transport, inflammatory response and autonomic nervous system. However, it remains unclear how human attention changes in response to hypoxia-induced neurophysiological activity during high-altitude exposure. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between hypoxic-induced neurophysiological responses and attention networks in 116 immigrants (3,680 m) using an attention network test to simultaneously record electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram in combination with specific routine blood markers. Results: Our analysis revealed that red blood cells exert an indirect influence on the three attention networks, mediated through inflammatory processes and heart rate variability. Discussion: The present study provides experimental evidence for the role of a neuroimmune pathway in determining human attention performance at high- altitude. Our findings have implications for understanding the complex interactions between physiological and neurocognitive processes in immigrants adapting to hypoxic environments.

Eating behavior during pregnancy mediates the association between depression and diet quality--a new strategy for intervention in pregnancy.

Background: Depression can result in changes in eating behavior and decrease the quality of eating. It has been shown that maternal depression during pregnancy can result in malnutrition, which can have adverse effects on the pregnancy and the offspring. There is currently no clear association between depression and diet. Methods: Five hundred and forty-nine pregnant women recruited from Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province participated in this study and were administered the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS), Pregnancy Stress Scale (PPS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index for Pregnant Women during Pregnancy (CDGCI-PW). The nutritional software collected dietary records for three consecutive days in mid-pregnancy to calculate dietary intake and nutrients that support energy production. The mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS 24.0 macro PROCESS. Results: The relationship between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and diet quality was moderated primarily by two aspects of eating behavior, "Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues" (RHS) and "Body-Food Choice Congruence" (BFC). Depressive symptoms (EPDS scores) showed a negative correlation with RHS, BFC, and RHS, and BFC showed a positive correlation with diet quality, yielding a significant specific indirect effect. The multiple mediation model explained 14.7% of the variance in the diet quality. Conclusion: This study highlights the important role of eating behaviors during pregnancy in the relationship between depressive symptoms (EPDS scores) and diet quality, and provides preliminary evidence for feasible ways pregnant women with depressive symptoms can improve diet quality, promote maternal and child health, and reduce depression.

Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study was performed to explore the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the risk of overweight/obesity in both children and adolescents. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published before July 12, 2022. Studies with data for calculating the odds ratio (OR) of childhood overweight/obesity and ADHD were included. The literature value was assessed by the cross-sectional evaluation criteria proposed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). All analyses were conducted using StataSE 11 and RevMan 5.3 software with random-effects models. This review included a total of 16 studies covering 14,981 cases and 128,916 controls.According to the meta-analysis, children with ADHD had a significant risk for co-occurring overweight and obesity [OR 1.56; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.32-1.85], especially boys (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10-1.90), people in Asia (OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.70-6.21) and Europe (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.61-2.12), and patients not using medication (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.22-1.94).ADHD has a significant association with overweight and obesity in both children and adolescents, which may be altered by factors such as geography, gender, and medication use. Timely treatment should be provided to children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD to inhibit the emergence of overweight and obesity.

The relationship between attention networks and individual differences in visual mental imagery vividness - An EEG study.

Previous research has established a strong link between attention and visual mental imagery, but it's remained uncertain whether attention networks influence individual differences in the vividness of visual mental imagery. In our study, we examined 140 participants, assessing the vividness of imagery using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire in both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. We employed the Attention Network Test, coupled with EEG recording, to characterize three attention sub-networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. To pinpoint the specific attentional networks associated with the vividness of visual mental imagery, we utilized latent profile analysis to categorize participants into distinct subgroups. Additionally, we constructed a regression mixture model to explore how attention networks predict different latent categories of visual imagery vividness. Our findings revealed that the efficiency of the alerting network, as indicated by the N1 component, demonstrated a positive correlation with the vividness of visual imagery. This electrophysiological evidence underscores the role of the alerting network in shaping individual differences in the vividness of visual mental imagery.

A Pipeline Defect Instance Segmentation System Based on SparseInst.

Deep learning algorithms have achieved encouraging results for pipeline defect segmentation. However, existing defect segmentation methods may encounter challenges in accurately segmenting the complex features of pipeline defects and suffer from low processing speeds. Therefore, in this study, we propose Pipe-Sparse-Net, a pipeline defect segmentation system that combines StyleGAN3 to segment the complex forms of underground drainage pipe defects. First, we introduce a data augmentation algorithm based on StyleGAN3 to enlarge the dataset. Next, we propose Pipe-Sparse-Net, a pipeline segmentation model based on SparseInst, to accurately predict the defect regions in drainage pipes. Experimental results demonstrate that the segmentation accuracy of this model can reach 91.4% with a processing speed of 56.7 frames per second (FPS). To validate the superiority of this method, comparative experiments were conducted against Yolact, Condinst, and Mask R-CNN, and the model achieved a speed improvement of 45% while increasing the accuracy by more than 4%.

A Transformer-Optimized Deep Learning Network for Road Damage Detection and Tracking.

To solve the problems of low accuracy and false counts of existing models in road damage object detection and tracking, in this paper, we propose Road-TransTrack, a tracking model based on transformer optimization. First, using the classification network based on YOLOv5, the collected road damage images are classified into two categories, potholes and cracks, and made into a road damage dataset. Then, the proposed tracking model is improved with a transformer and a self-attention mechanism. Finally, the trained model is used to detect actual road videos to verify its effectiveness. The proposed tracking network shows a good detection performance with an accuracy of 91.60% and 98.59% for road cracks and potholes, respectively, and an F1 score of 0.9417 and 0.9847. The experimental results show that Road-TransTrack outperforms current conventional convolutional neural networks in terms of the detection accuracy and counting accuracy in road damage object detection and tracking tasks.

Association between the acceleration of access to visual awareness of grating orientation with higher heart rate at high-altitude.

Many studies have indicated a strong relationship between cardiac and brain activities, both of which are sensitive to high-altitude exposure. This study combined a consciousness access task and electrocardiograms (ECG) to uncover conscious awareness in response to high-altitude exposure and its relation to cardiac activity. When compared with the low-altitude groups, the behavioral results showed that the high-altitude participants shortened the time of access to visual awareness of grating orientation, which was accompanied by a faster heart rate, excluding the influence of pre-stimulus heart rate, extent of cardiac deceleration after presenting the stimulus, and task difficulty. Although there were post-stimulation cardiac deceleration and post-response acceleration at both high and low altitudes, a slight increase in heart rate after stimulation at high altitudes may indicate that participants at high altitudes could quickly readjust their attention to the target stimulus. More importantly, the drift diffusion model (DDM) was used to fit the access time distribution of all participants. These results suggest that shorter time at high altitudes might be due to the lower threshold, suggesting that less evidence in high-altitude participants was required to access visual consciousness. The participants' heart rates also negatively predicted the threshold through a hierarchical drift diffusion modeling (HDDM) regression. These findings imply that individuals with higher heart rates at high altitudes have a greater cognitive burden.

Neurodynamics of Awareness Detection in Tibetan Immigrants: Evidence from Electroencephalography Analysis.

The psychological effects of long-term exposure to high-altitude environments have attracted great attention. These effects are usually attributed to the diminished cognitive resources due to high-altitude exposure. This study employed electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the effects of exposure duration on awareness detection tasks. Neither reaction time nor accuracy showed the direct effects of the exposure duration, so did the model indexes obtained from drift diffusion model analysis. However, event-related potentials (ERP) analysis revealed that exposure duration was associated with changes in the visual awareness negativity (VAN) and the late positivity (LP) components, which in turn affected reaction time. Specifically, longer exposure durations were associated with lower VAN and higher LP, resulting in shorter reaction times and greater drift rate. In contrast to previous studies, the reverse relationship between VAN and LP may reflect a compensatory response to the reduced cognitive resources caused by high-altitude exposure. Additionally, increased LP and shorter reaction times with exposure duration may reflect a resistance to the high-altitude environment. We also conducted time-frequency analysis and found that theta power did not vary with exposure duration, suggesting that the reduction in cognitive resources remains stable in these individuals over time. Overall, our study provides new insights into the dynamic effects of high-altitude environments on awareness detection in the presence of reduced cognitive resources.

Negative relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and attention: A possible elevation in BDNF level among high-altitude migrants.

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic family that plays a vital role in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the brain, affects attention. However, studies investigating the association between BDNF and attention in long-term high-altitude (HA) migrants are limited in the literature. As HA affects both BDNF and attention, the relationship between these factors becomes more complex. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peripheral blood concentrations of BDNF and the three attentional networks in both behavioral and electrical aspects of the brain in long-term HA migrants. Materials and methods: Ninety-eight Han adults (mean age: 34.74 ± 3.48 years, 51 females and 47 males, all have lived at Lhasa for 11.30 ± 3.82 years) were recruited in this study. For all participants, the serum BDNF levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; event-related potentials (N1, P1, and P3) were recorded during the Attentional Networks Test, which was used as the measure of three attentional networks. Results: Executive control scores were negatively correlated with P3 amplitude (r = -0.20, p = 0.044), and serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with executive control scores (r = 0.24, p = 0.019) and negatively correlated with P3 amplitude (r = -0.22, p = 0.027). Through grouping of BDNF levels and three attentional networks, executive control was found to be significantly higher in the high BDNF group than in the low BDNF group (p = 0.010). Different BDNF levels were associated with both orienting scores (χ2 = 6.99, p = 0.030) and executive control scores (χ2 = 9.03, p = 0.011). The higher the BDNF level, the worse was the executive function and the lower was the average P3 amplitude and vice versa. Females were found to have higher alerting scores than males (p = 0.023). Conclusion: This study presented the relationship between BDNF and attention under HA. The higher the BDNF level, the worse was the executive control, suggesting that after long-term exposure to HA, hypoxia injury of the brain may occur in individuals with relatively higher BDNF levels, and this higher BDNF level may be the result of self-rehabilitation tackling the adverse effects brought by the HA environment.

The effects of a low carbohydrate diet combined with partial meal replacement on obese individuals.

OBJECTIVE: We explored the dietary effects of replacing normal dietary staple foods with supplementary nutritional protein powder, dietary fiber, and fish oil on several metabolic parameters. We examined weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora in obese individuals when compared with individuals on a reduced staple food low carbohydrate diet. METHODS: From inclusion and exclusion criteria, 99 participants (28 kg/m2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m2) were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention 1 and 2 groups. Physical examinations and biochemical indices were performed/gathered before the intervention and at 4 and 13 weeks post intervention. After 13 weeks, feces was collected and 16s rDNA sequenced. RESULTS: After 13 weeks, when compared with controls, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure values in intervention group 1 were significantly reduced. In intervention group 2, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced. Triglyceride (TG) levels in both intervention groups were significantly reduced. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated albumin, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels in intervention group 1 were decreased, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased slightly. Glycosylated albumin, TG, and total cholesterol levels in intervention group 2 decreased, while HDL-c decreased slightly, High sensitive C-reactive protein, MPO, Ox-LDL, LEP, TGF-ß1, IL-6, GPLD1, pro NT, GPC-4, and LPS levels in both intervention groups were lower when compared with controls. Adiponectin (ADPN) levels in intervention groups were higher when compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in intervention group 1 were lower when compared with controls. There is no obvious difference in α diversity and ß diversity between intestinal flora of 3 groups. Among the first 10 species of Phylum, only the control group and the intervention group 2 had significantly higher Patescibacteria than the intervention group 1. Among the first 10 species of Genus, only the number of Agathobacter in intervention group 2 was significantly higher than that in control group and intervention group 1. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that an LCD, where nutritional protein powder replaced some staple foods and dietary fiber and fish oil were simultaneously supplemented, significantly reduced weight and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese individuals when compared with an LCD which reduced staple food intake.

Relationship between Serum Levels of Selenium and Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Thyroid cancer is one of the most malignant tumors and a serious threat to human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is critical for thyroid function. Since the relationship between Se and thyroid cancer remains unclear, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relationship. A total of five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library) were searched for case-control studies and cohort studies on serum levels of Se and thyroid cancer published up to 13 July 2022. Seven articles consisting of 10 case-control studies and comprised of 2,205 subjects met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. From the 10 selected studies, pooled analysis indicated that thyroid cancer patients had lower serum levels of Se than healthy controls [standardized mean difference = -1.25, 95% confidence interval = (-2.07, -0.44), P = 0.003]. Our meta-analysis supports a significant relationship between serum levels of Se and thyroid cancer.

Evaluation of changes in egg yolk lipids during storage based on lipidomics through UPLC-MS/MS.

A comprehensive UPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics analysis of egg yolk at different storage periods was performed. Through the analysis, 836 lipid species from 27 subclasses were detected, including 159 significantly different lipid species. Glycerolipids (GL) and glycerophospholipids (GP) were the most abundant lipids, followed by fatty acyls (FA), sphingolipids (SP), sterol lipids (ST), and prenol lipids (PR). PCA and OPLS-DA showed that egg yolk lipids changed significantly with prolonged storage. Moreover, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were key metabolic pathways, as phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and diglyceride (DG) were key lipid metabolites in the related metabolic pathways of egg yolk during storage. Furthermore, egg yolk quality changed the most when stored up to 21 days. Our study establishes a foundation for the quality control and the lipid oxidation mechanism of eggs during storage.

NAPRT, but Not NAMPT, Provides Additional Support for NAD Synthesis in Esophageal Precancerous Lesions.

It is hypothesized that esophageal precancerous lesions (EPLs) have a surge requirement for coenzyme I (NAD). The purpose of this study is to clarify the key control points of NAD synthesis in developing EPL by detecting related markers and the gene polymorphism of NAD synthesis and metabolism. This case-control study was conducted in Huai'an, China. In total, 100 healthy controls and 100 EPL cases matched by villages, gender, and age (±2 years) were included. The levels of plasma niacin and nicotinamide, and the protein concentration of NAMPT, NAPRT, and PARP-1 were quantitatively analyzed. PARP-1 gene polymorphism was detected to determine if the cases differed genetically in NAD synthesis. The levels of plasma niacin and nicotinamide and the concentrations of NAMPT were not related to the risk of EPL, but the over-expressions of NAPRT (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.016, respectively) and PARP-1 (p for trend = 0.021) were associated with the increased EPL risk. The frequency distribution of APRP-1 genotypes was found to not differ between the two groups, while the EPL group showed an increased frequency of the variant C allele. NAPRT, but not NAMPT, was found to be responsible for the stress of excess NAD synthesis in EPL. Focusing on the development of NAPRT inhibitors may be beneficial to prevent and control ESCC.

Inverse relations between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal precancerous lesions in drinkers and peanut consumption.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium found in the upper digestive tract. Although H. pylori infection is an identified risk factor for gastric cancer, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a topic of much debate. AIM: To evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of precancerous lesions of ESCC, and further explore the association between dietary factors and the risk of H. pylori infection. METHODS: Two hundred patients with esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) aged 63.01 ± 6.08 years and 200 healthy controls aged 62.85 ± 6.03 years were included in this case-control study. Epidemiological data and qualitative food frequency data were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measuring serum immunoglobulin G antibodies was used to determine H. pylori seropositivity. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association between H. pylori infection and EPL risk dichotomized by gender, age, and the use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as the association between dietary factors and the risk of H. pylori infection. RESULTS: A total of 47 (23.5%) EPL cases and 58 (29.0%) healthy controls had positive H. pylori infection. An inverse relation between H. pylori infection and the risk of EPL was found in the group of drinkers after adjustment for covariates [odds ratio (OR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.11-0.95]. Additionally, peanut intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of H. pylori infection (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20-0.74). CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that H. pylori infection may decrease the risk of EPL for drinkers in a rural adult Chinese population, and the consumption of peanut may reduce the risk of H. pylori infection. These findings should be framed as preliminary evidence, and further studies are required to address whether the mechanisms are related to the localization of lesions and alcohol consumption.

Abnormal overexpression of SoxD enhances melanin synthesis in the Ursa mutant of Bombyx mori.

The pigment and structural color of insects play crucial roles in body protection, ecological adaptation, and signal communication. Epidermal melanization is a common and main coloring pattern, which results in broad phenotypic diversity. Melanin is one of the compounds contributing to dark brown-black pigmentation, which is synthesized from dopamine and tyrosine by the melanin metabolism pathway. The Ursa mutant of the silkworm Bombyx mori is a body-color mutant characterized by excessive melanin pigmentation in the larval epidermis. However, the exact gene responsible for this phenotype remains unclear. Here, we performed positional cloning of the gene responsible for Ursa, which was mapped to an 83-kb region on chromosome 14. The genomic region contains a protein-coding gene encoding a transcription factor, which was designated BmSoxD. The mutation site was determined by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the genomic region corresponding to BmSoxD, which identified a 449-bp transposable sequence similar to that of the B. mori transposon Helitron inserted into the sixth intron. BmSoxD was dramatically overexpressed in the epidermis of Ursa at the end of the molting stage compared with that of wild-type B. mori. Overexpression of BmSoxD led to upregulation of genes involved in the melanin metabolism pathway, whereas knocking down BmSoxD via small interfering RNAs blocked melanin pigment production in the larval epidermis. These data indicate that the mutation in BmSoxD is responsible for the Ursa mutant phenotype. We propose that the transposable sequence insertion causes abnormal overexpression of BmSoxD at the molting stage in the Ursa mutant, resulting in excessive melanin synthesis and its accumulation in epidermal cells.