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The precast segmental column (PSC) has been proposed for reducing onsite construction time and minimizing impacts on traffic and the environment. It has been proven to have good seismic performance according to previous studies. However, due to the rocking behavior of the column, the toe of the bottom segment could experience excessive compressive damage. In addition, the commonly used steel rebars in the PSC could experience corrosion problems during the service life of the structure. Moreover, ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) is normally used in the construction of the PSC, but the manufacturing processes of the OPC could emit a lot of carbon dioxide. This paper investigates the seismic performance of PSCs incorporating Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) bars and geopolymer concrete (GPC) segments. To mitigate the concrete crushing damage of the segment, the BFRP sheet was used to wrap the bottom segment of one of the specimens. The results revealed that the BFRP-reinforced geopolymer concrete PSC exhibited good seismic performance with minimal damage and small residual displacement. Strengthening the bottom segment with BFRP wrapping proved to be effective in reducing concrete damage. As a result, the column with BFRP wrap demonstrated the ability to withstand ground motions with higher Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) compared to the column without strengthening.
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Fluxapyroxad (FX), a typical succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is causing increased global concerns due to its fungicide effects. However, the accumulation and grow toxicity of FX to Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is poorly understand. Therefore, the accumulation pattern of FX in L. vannamei was investigated for the first time in environmental concentrations. FX accumulated rapidly in shrimp muscle. Meanwhile, growth inhibition was observed and the mechanism derived by primarily accelerated glycolipid metabolism and reduced glycolipid content. Moreover, exposure to environmental concentrations of FX induced significant growth inhibition and oxidative stress and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle in L. vannamei. The endocytosis signaling pathway genes were activated, thereby driving growth toxicity. Oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic gene expression were further rescued in elimination experiments, demonstrating the mechanism of growth toxicity by FX exposure. The results revealed that FX persistently altered the gut microbiome of L. vannamei using gut microbiome sequencing, particularly with increased Garcinia Purple Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea for organic pollutant degradation. This study provided new insights into the potential toxicity of FX to marine organisms, emphasizing the need for further investigation and potential regulatory considerations.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopâncreas , Penaeidae , Transcriptoma , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Penaeidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Penaeidae/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) are frequently detected in the marine environment. However, studies on the toxicity of SDHIs to marine organisms, Mytilus coruscus (M. coruscus), are poorly reported. Therefore, the antioxidant activities and metabolomic response of four SDHIs, namely, boscalid (BC), thifluzamide (TF), fluopyram (FO), and bixafen (BIX), to (M. coruscus), were comprehensively investigated. The antioxidant activity of BC and TF was significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas those of FO and BIX were significantly decreased. Furthermore, metabolite discriminations among M. coruscus to four SDHIs were illustrated by an untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 52, 50, 93, and 129 differential metabolites were obtained for BC, TF, FO, and BIX. KEGG of the different metabolites show that the four SDHIs had differential effects on the metabolic pathways of M. coruscus. The current study demonstrated four SDHIs triggered glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation processes and caused the disruption of nutrient and energy conversion processes in mussels. Finally, five biomarkers were screened by analyzing common differential metabolites that emerged from the four SDHI exposures, which could be used for risk assessment of marine ecosystem exposure to SDHIs. Our results demonstrated the use of metabolomics to understand the potential mechanisms of toxicity of four SDHIs to mussels and to identify potential targets for future targeted risk assessment.
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Benzamidas , Compostos de Bifenilo , Fungicidas Industriais , Mytilus , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Piridinas , Animais , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes , Mytilus/metabolismo , Ácido Succínico , Ecossistema , SuccinatosRESUMO
The resolution of terahertz images based on the near-field synthetic aperture radar (NSAR) imaging mode is low due to the narrow antenna beamwidth and the electromagnetic wave loss that was ignored by previous algorithms. We propose a super-resolution terahertz NSAR imaging algorithm. There are two algorithm steps: First, we use the forward mathematical model of the NSAR imaging system and the back-projection algorithm (BPA) to calculate the point spread function (PSF). The next step is to deconvolve the NSAR image reconstructed by BPA to enhance its lateral resolution. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted both simulations and experiments. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves a resolution of 0.67λ, which is a significant improvement. Overall, the proposed method has great potential to enhance the resolution of THz images and advance the use of THz technology in various fields.
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Fluxapyroxad (FX), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has been detected in global marine and aquatic organisms. However, as a new pollutant, its biotoxicity and ecological risks to marine aquatic organisms are unclear. The accumulation and elimination processes and toxic effects of FX on Larimichthys crocea (L. crocea) at environmental concentrations were assessed. FX (1.0 µg/L) was rapidly enriched and persisted prolonged in L. crocea muscle and FX is highly toxic to juvenile L. crocea with the 96 h LC50 of 245.0 µg/L. Furthermore, the toxic effects of FX on juvenile L. crocea and adults L. crocea were compared and analyzed. In contrast to those of adult L. crocea, juvenile L. crocea showed a stronger oxidative stress response and rescued liver damage in terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, energy supply, and liver damage to FX. Transcriptomic analysis also showed that drug metabolism was activated. In the adult L. crocea, the disturbance of the energy metabolism, oxidative respiration, TCA cycle, and lipid metabolism genes were firstly found. The results revealed the accumulation and elimination pattern and ecotoxicological hazards of FX to L. crocea, which provided important theoretical basis for the study of environmental risks caused by new pollutants to marine organisms.
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Amidas , Perciformes , Transcriptoma , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Estresse Oxidativo , Perciformes/fisiologiaRESUMO
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the common chronic inflammatory diseases in otolaryngology. Glucocorticoid (GC) acts as the first-line drug for the treatment of CRSwNP in clinical practice, and they play an irreplaceable role in reducing nasal mucosal inflammation and restoring the normal physiological function of the nasal mucosa. However, many patients are still insensitive to GC treatment, known as GC resistance, which leads to poor control of the disease, and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress of GC resistance of patients with CRSwNP in recent years.
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Pólipos Nasais , Rinite , Sinusite , Humanos , Doença Crônica , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Pólipos Nasais/complicações , Pólipos Nasais/tratamento farmacológico , Rinite/complicações , Rinite/tratamento farmacológico , Sinusite/complicações , Sinusite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The reconstruction of complex targets using terahertz technology is often hindered by diffraction and interference of electromagnetic waves, leading to the loss of fine target details. In this research article, we have introduced a terahertz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method that integrates an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, referred to as SAR-ICP, to achieve accurate reconstruction of intricate target structures. To accomplish this, multiple sets of point cloud data are acquired by varying the illumination viewpoint. The ICP algorithm is then employed to align and fuse these datasets, resulting in the generation of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed SAR-ICP method. The information entropy of the reconstructed 3D image using the SAR-ICP is approximately 0.05 times that of the conventional SAR method, indicating a superior image quality. In the future, we anticipate the widespread application of this method in areas such as security inspection, non-destructive testing, and other complex scenarios.
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Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide a great data source about the ionosphere state. These data can be used for testing ionosphere models. We studied the performance of nine ionospheric models (Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC) both in the total electron content (TEC) domain-i.e., how precise the models calculate TEC-and in the positioning error domain-i.e., how the models improve single frequency positioning. The whole data set covers 20 years (2000-2020) from 13 GNSS stations, but the main analysis involves data during 2014-2020 when calculations are available from all the models. We used single-frequency positioning without ionospheric correction and with correction via global ionospheric maps (IGSG) data as expected limits for errors. Improvements against noncorrected solution were as follows: GIM IGSG-22.0%, BDGIM-15.3%, NeQuick2-13.8%, GEMTEC, NeQuickG and IRI-2016-13.3%, Klobuchar-13.2%, IRI-2012-11.6%, IRI-Plas-8.0%, GLONASS-7.3%. TEC bias and mean absolute TEC errors for the models are as follows: GEMTEC--0.3 and 2.4 TECU, BDGIM--0.7 and 2.9 TECU, NeQuick2--1.2 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2012--1.5 and 3.2 TECU, NeQuickG--1.5 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2016--1.8 and 3.2 TECU, Klobuchar-1.2 and 4.9 TECU, GLONASS--1.9 and 4.8 TECU, and IRI-Plas-3.1 and 4.2 TECU. While TEC and positioning domains differ, new-generation operational models (BDGIM and NeQuickG) could overperform or at least be at the same level as classical empirical models.
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Parkinson's disease (P.D.) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulated toxicity is the major contributor to this disease. At present, the disease has no effective treatment. Many recent studies focus on identifying novel therapeutics that provide benefits to stop the disease progression in P.D. patients. Screening novel and effective drugs in P.D. animal models is time- and cost-consuming. Rose Essential Oil (REO) extracted from Rosa Rugosa species (R. Setate × R. Rugosa). REO contains Citronellol, Geraniol, and Octadiene that possess anti-Aß, anti-oxidative, and anti-depression-like properties, but no reports have defined the REO effect on P.D. yet. The present study examines the REO neuroprotective potential in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans P.D. models. We observed that REO reduced α-Syn aggregations and diminished DA neuron degenerations induced by 6-OHDA, reduced food-sensing behavioural disabilities, and prolonged the lifespan of the nematode. Moreover, REO augmented the chymotrypsin-like proteasome and SOD-3 activities. Further, we observed the anti-oxidative role of REO by reducing internal cells ROS. Together, these findings supported REO as an anti-PD drug and may exert its effects by lowering oxidative stress via the anti-oxidative pathway.
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Óleos Voláteis , Doença de Parkinson , Rosa , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , alfa-Sinucleína/farmacologia , alfa-Sinucleína/uso terapêutico , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Degeneração Neural , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Due to the rising usage of plastics, plastic debris are present throughout marine ecosystems and detrimentally affects marine biota. Additionally, plastics likely result in elusive toxicity effects due to addition of plasticizers. The aim of the present study was to reveal the potential effects and mechanism of microplastics (MPs), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and copollution of MPs and DEHP (MPs-DEHP) on Peneaus vannamei (P. vannamei) juveniles regarding oxidative stress, transcriptomics and metabolomics. MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP significantly induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); MPs and DEHP have an antagonistic effect for malondialdehyde (MDA); suggesting that disorders of the antioxidant defence systems. 13, 133 and 58 differentially expressed genes and 21, 82 and 39 differentially expressed metabolites were responsible for the distinction of MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP groups, respectively. The combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP exposure disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolism, and further induced inflammatory responses and dysfunction of purine metabolism. Furthermore, the presence of MPs might alleviate the biotoxicity of DEHP in P. vannamei. These findings provide new insights into the single and combined toxicological effects of MPs and additives for marine biota.
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Dietilexilftalato , Ácidos Ftálicos , Dietilexilftalato/toxicidade , Dietilexilftalato/metabolismo , Plásticos/toxicidade , Microplásticos , Transcriptoma , Ecossistema , Plastificantes/toxicidadeRESUMO
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in the elderly, causing motor impediments and cognitive dysfunctions. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPc) are the major contributor to this disease. At present, the disease has no effective treatment. Many recent studies focus on identifying novel therapeutics that provide benefits to stop disease advancement in PD patients. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid derived from the Cannabis sativa plant and possesses anti-depressive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of CBD in transgenic C. elegans PD models. We observed that CBD at 0.025 mM (24.66 %), 0.05 mM (52.41 %) and 0.1 mM (71.36 %) diminished DA neuron degenerations induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), reduced (0.025, 27.1 %), (0.05, 38.9 %), (0.1, 51.3 %) food-sensing behavioural disabilities in BZ555, reduced 40.6 %, 56.3 %, 70.2 % the aggregative toxicity of α-Syn and expanded the nematodes' lifespan up to 11.5 %, 23.1 %, 28.8 %, dose-dependently. Moreover, CBD augmented the ubiquitin-like proteasomes 28.11 %, 43.27, 61.33 % and SOD-3 expressions by about 16.4 %, 21.2 %, 44.8 % in transgenic models. Further, we observed the antioxidative role of CBD by reducing 33.2 %, 41.4 %, 56.7 % reactive oxygen species in 6-OHDA intoxicated worms. Together, these findings supported CBD as an anti-parkinsonian drug and may exert its effects by raising lipid depositions to enhance proteasome activity and reduce oxidative stress via the antioxidative pathway.
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Canabidiol , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Doença de Parkinson , Animais , alfa-Sinucleína/genética , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/metabolismo , Oxidopamina , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most severe neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, there is no effective treatment drug for AD. Morus nigra (M. nigra) is a black mulberry and widely distributed fruit in the Moraceae family with various undiscovered biological activities. The study aimed to investigate the potential anti-AD effect of M. nigra. Mulberry fruit extract (MF) was obtained from M. nigra and treated up to 1.00 mg/mL on transgenic AD Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models. MF inhibited Amyloid-ß (Aß)-induced paralysis symptoms by about 55.65 %, reduced Aß accumulation more than 50 % via immunoblotting, and suppressed over-sensitivity to exogenous serotonin in C. elegans. Furthermore, MF decreased the Aß oligomeric depositions in worm CL2006. MF activated the DAF-16 nuclear translocation and its downstream SOD-3 and GST-4. AD is a major age-related disorder. Therefore, MF treated for an aging test and proved to be expanded the lifespan of the worms up to 34.7 %. Besides, we have evaluated the MF in vivo antioxidative properties, where MF reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations in C. elegans and remitted the activation of HSP-16.2 induced by the oxidative action of Juglone. Gene knockout and extended the lifespan of AD worms. However, RNA interference (RNAi) successfully silenced the daf-16 on the Aß phenotypic paralysis proved by MF effect. Our results indicate that MF alleviates AD-Like symptoms by activating the DAF-16 insulin signal pathway in C. elegans. Therefore, this MF study may provide new insights for mulberry application in safe AD treatment and clinical study.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Morus , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/farmacologia , Frutas/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Morus/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Paralisia , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Juvenile hormone (JH) acts as a gonadotrophic hormone stimulating insect vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Paracellular transport of yolk proteins through intercellular channels (patency) in the follicular epithelium is a developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved process during vitellogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying patency opening are poorly understood. Using the migratory locust Locusta migratoria as a model system, we report here that JH-regulated remodeling of zonula adherens (ZA), the belt-like adherens junction maintaining physical linking between follicle cells controlled the opening of patency. JH triggered phosphorylation of Partitioning defective protein 3 (Par3) via a signaling cascade including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), small GTPase Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) and atypical Protein kinase C (aPKC). Par3 phosphorylation resulted in its disassociation from ß-Catenin, the cytoplasmic partner of ZA core component E-Cadherin. Release of Par3 from the ß-Catenin/E-Cadherin complex caused ZA disassembly at tricellular contacts, consequently leading to patency enlargement. This study provides new insight into how JH stimulates insect vitellogenesis and egg production via inducing the opening of paracellular route for vitellogenin transport crossing the follicular epithelium barrier.
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Junções Aderentes , Hormônios Juvenis , Junções Aderentes/genética , Junções Aderentes/metabolismo , Caderinas/genética , Epitélio/metabolismo , Hormônios Juvenis/genética , Hormônios Juvenis/metabolismo , Vitelogeninas/genética , beta CateninaRESUMO
Bridge deformation consists of cross-section rotation and deflection, which are crucial parameters for bridge capacity evaluation and damage detection. The maximum value of deflection usually happens at mid-span while for rotation it happens at two-ends. Therefore, compared with deflection, rotation is more convenient for in-situ measurement since the bridge pier can be the reference point. In this study, a high-precision inclinometer for bridge rotation measurement was conceptualized, designed, and validated. The proposed inclinometer converted the small rotation of bridge section into the deformation of an elastomer. Strain gauges were then utilized to measure the elastomer deformation and thus the bridge rotation can be obtained. The dimensions and modulus of the elastomer were designed and chosen based on the theoretical analysis. Characteristics of the inclinometer were calibrated in lab and in-situ experiments at an in-service bridge were conducted to validate its feasibility and robustness. Test results showed that the proposed inclinometer had excellent performance in resolution and accuracy, which indicate its great potential for future bridge health monitoring.
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Elastômeros , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , RotaçãoRESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system in the elderly, causing motor impediments and cognitive dysfunctions. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta are the major contributors to this disease. At present, PD remains untreatable with a huge burden on the quality of life. Therefore, we attempt to explore novel treatment strategies by detecting effective drugs that stop or arrest PD's progression via modifying disease-specific pathways. Chrysin is a flavonoid derived from passion flowers and possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-depression properties. In the present study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of chrysin in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models of PD. We observed that chrysin reduced the aggregative toxicity of α-Syn and diminished DA neuron degeneration induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), reduced food-sensing behavioral disabilities, and expanded the nematodes' lifespan. Moreover, chrysin augmented the ubiquitin-like proteasome and superoxide dismutase activities in transgenic C. elegans models. Further, we observed the anti-oxidative role of chrysin by reducing the internal cellular reactive oxygen species levels in 6-OHDA-intoxicated C. elegans. Together, these findings supported chrysin as a possible treatment for PD and encouraged further investigation of chrysin's mechanism of action as a neuroprotective medicine in the future.
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Flavonoides , Doença de Parkinson , alfa-Sinucleína , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Qualidade de Vida , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Amyloid ß induces pathological symptoms in various neurodegenerative disorders. It is the hallmark of these neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and is reported to induce neurotoxicity leading to neuronal impairment. The continuous development of neurodegenerative disease accompanies pathological changes in amyloid ß deposition in the brain. After amyloid ß accumulates, the inadequate clearance of amyloid ß further accelerates the development of events in the pathological cascade. In eukaryotes, the proteasome is responsible for the degradation of misfolded and damaged proteins to maintain proteostasis. Therefore, screening candidates that preserve proteasomal activity may promote amyloid ß homeostasis, which is expected to provide new therapeutic opportunities for these neurodegenerative diseases. Ursolic acid, a natural triterpenoid, has prominent pharmacological antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and nontoxic activities. Here, we explored the protective effects of ursolic acid on amyloid ß-induced pathological symptoms. METHODS: This study investigated the therapeutic potential of ursolic acid and its underlying molecular mechanisms using a Caenorhabditis elegans transgenic pathological model. RESULTS: In our study, ursolic acid successfully repressed amyloid ß-induced paralysis and hypersensitivity to serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans. The levels of amyloid ß monomers, oligomers, and deposits were decreased after treatment with ursolic acid in transgenic nematodes overexpressing human amyloid ß; however, ursolic acid did not affect exogenous transgene transcription and expression levels. Ursolic acid transcriptionally enhanced the ubiquitin-proteasome system and augmented proteasome activity in vivo. However, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 abolished the therapeutic effect of ursolic acid on behavioral paralysis, and Parkinson's disease-related-1 was required for the therapeutic effect of ursolic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that ursolic acid prevented amyloid ß-induced proteotoxic stress, specifically by reducing the amount of amyloid ß and increasing proteasome activity in vivo. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of ursolic acid on transgenic nematodes expressing amyloid ß depended on the increased activity of the proteasome. This work provides an essential supplement to the information on the pharmacological mechanism of ursolic acid.
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Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Placa Amiloide/tratamento farmacológico , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Placa Amiloide/patologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/uso terapêutico , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is one of the basic causes of many cardiovascular diseases. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), have been reported to play an indispensable role in MF. The current work is focused on investigating the biological role of lncRNA taurine upregulation gene 1 (TUG1) in activating cardiac myofibroblasts as well as the underlying mechanism. The outcome revealed that after myocardial infarction TUG1 expression increased and miR-133b expression decreased in the rat model of MF. The expression level of TUG1 increased following AngII treatment in cardiac myofibroblast. TUG1 knockdown inhibited the Ang-II induced cardiac myofibroblast activation and TUG1 overexpression increased proliferation and collagen generation of cardiac myofibroblasts. Bioinformatic prediction programs predicted that TUG1 had MRE directly combined with miR-133b seed sequence, luciferase activity, and RIP experiments indicated that TUG1, acted as a sponger and interacted with miR-133b in cardiac myofibroblasts. Furthermore, a target of miR-133b was CTGF and CTGF knockdown counteracted the promotion of MF by miR-133b knockdown. Collectively, our study suggested that TUG1 mediates CTGF expression by sponging miR-133b in the activation of cardiac myofibroblasts. The current work reveals a unique role of the TUG1/miR-133b/CTGF axis in MF, thus suggesting its immense therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Fator de Crescimento do Tecido Conjuntivo/genética , Fibrose/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Infarto do Miocárdio/genética , Miocárdio/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA/genética , Animais , Cardiomiopatias/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Miofibroblastos/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Regulação para Cima/genéticaRESUMO
Geomagnetic storms-triggered by the interaction between Earth's magnetosphere and interplanetary magnetic field, driven by solar activity-are important for many Earth-bound aspects of life. Serious events may impact the electroenergetic infrastructure, but even weaker storms generate noticeable irregularities in the density of ionospheric plasma. Ionosphere electron density gradients interact with electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency domain, affecting sub- and trans-ionospheric transmissions. The main objective of the manuscript is to find key features of the storm-induced plasma density behaviour irregularities in regard to the event's magnitude and general geomagnetic conditions. We also aim to set the foundations for the mid-latitude ionospheric plasma density now-casting irregularities. In the manuscript, we calculate the GPS+GLONASS-derived rate of TEC (total electron content) index (ROTI) for the meridional sector of 10-20∘ E, covering the latitudes between 40 and 70∘ N. Such an approach reveals equatorward spread of the auroral TEC irregularities reaching down to mid-latitudes. We have assessed the ROTI performance for 57 moderate-to-severe storms that occurred during solar cycle 24 and analyzed their behaviors in regard to the geomagnetic conditions (described by Kp, Dst, AE, Sym-H and PC indices).
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With the new municipal solid waste classification policy implemented in China, attention on achieving the waste-to-energy disposal of "dry waste" has been growing. Pyrolysis conversion of organic waste into value-added chemicals is a promising method to treat solid waste. However, after removing the non-combustible components of "dry waste", the obtained high-organic solid waste (HSW) contains various heavy metals, which requires urgent attention during thermochemical conversion. To mitigate heavy metals risk, kaolin was employed as additive during HSW pyrolysis, and intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modifications were performed on the kaolin to further immobilize and stabilize heavy metals in the derived chars. The characterization results illustrated that the interlayer spacing, pore volume and diameter of kaolin were expanded after intercalation-exfoliation modification, providing more opportunities for the adsorption of metals. The thermal activation method favored the transformation of kaolin into metakaolin via dehydroxylation to enhance its nonhexacoordinated Al proportion and chemisorption. During 450-650 °C, kaolin exhibited an effective solid enrichment performance for targeting heavy metals, and the intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modification further enhanced the adsorption capacity of the kaolin for Cd, Cr, Pb and Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, respectively. Compared with Cu and Zn, additives demonstrated better stabilization effects for Cd, Pb, and Cr, transforming more bioavailable fractions to the residual speciation. Overall, a higher pyrolytic temperature (650 °C) and the addition of effective additives could simultaneously increase the residual fraction and decrease the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in HSW-derived chars, reducing the potential ecological risk.
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Metais Pesados , Resíduos Sólidos , China , Caulim , Metais Pesados/análise , PiróliseRESUMO
In the process of municipal solid waste (MSW) pyrolysis, kaolinite possesses an outstanding trapping effect on semi-volatile metal vapors (Pb, Cd) through physical and chemical adsorption. In this paper, the microscopic mechanism of PbCl2 and CdCl2 adsorption on the surface of Al rings and Si rings of kaolinite was investigated by combining Monte Carlo method with density functional theory (DFT). The calculations indicate that the continuously enriched pore structure in the process of dehydroxylation indirectly influences the adsorption of PbCl2/CdCl2 by kaolinite. Under the non-bond interaction and electron transfer induction, PbCl2 molecules are more conveniently adsorbed on the Al-(001) surface than CdCl2, while the adsorption sites of CdCl2 molecules are more widely distributed on the Si-(001) surface. Moreover, the transform in the Al-coordination and the exposed active oxygen atoms significantly affect the adsorption activity of kaolinite (the capability to gain and lose electrons). Considering the energy barrier and electrophilic nucleophilic sensitivity, it is more feasible for PbCl2/CdCl2 to be adsorbed near IV/V-coordinated Al and active O under Van der Waals action. Subsequently, IV/V-coordinated Al will act as an electron acceptor, and the active oxygen atoms after dehydrogenation will serve as an electron donor. Under the induction of the energy difference of frontier orbitals, the electrons transfer will encourage the formation of more stable adsorption states. The results shed new light on strengthening the adsorption activity of kaolinite to PbCl2/CdCl2 in the process of MSW pyrolysis.