ENO2 in progression and treatment of colon adenocarcinoma: integrative bioinformatics analysis on non-apoptotic cell death.

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common types of cancer. The interconnection between non-apoptotic cell death and COAD has not been adequately addressed. In our study, an integrative bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore non-apoptotic cell death-related biomarkers in COAD. ENO2 was determined as a potent biomarker for prognosis, drug response, immunity, and immunotherapy prediction. We used EdU and RT-qPCR assays to test our hypothesis and investigate how the ENO2 gene may influence or regulate cancer-related processes. ENO2 was expected to be a potential target in COAD.

CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage triggered nanoflower for fluorescence-free and target amplification-free biosensing of ctDNA in the terahertz frequencies.

The detection of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies requires high sensitivity and low-cost biosensing strategies. However, few traditional techniques can satisfy the requirements of target amplification-free and fluorescence-free at the same time. In this study, we have proposed a novel strategy for ctDNA detection with the combination of terahertz spectroscopy and the CRISPR/Cas12 system. The CRISPR/Cas12a system is activated by the target ctDNA, resulting in a series of reactions leading to the formation of an Au-Fe complex. This complex is easily extracted with magnets and when dropped onto the terahertz metamaterial sensor, it can enhance the frequency shift, providing sensitive and selective sensing of the target ctDNA. Results show that the proposed terahertz biosensor exhibits a relatively low detection limit of 0.8 fM and a good selectivity over interference species. This detection limit is improved by three orders of magnitude compared with traditional biosensing methods using terahertz waves. Furthermore, a ctDNA concentration of 100 fM has been successfully detected in bovine serum (corresponding to 50 fM in the final reaction system) without amplification.

Aggregation-induced emission-based competitive immunoassays for "signal-on" detection of proteins with multifunctional metal-organic frameworks as signal tags.

An aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based strategy was proposed for fluorescence immunoassays of protein biomarkers using Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) to load recombinant targets and enzymes for dual signal amplification. The immunosensing platform was built based on the sequestration and consumption of the substrates of pyrophosphate (PPi) ions by Cu-MOFs and enzymatic catalysis. The negatively charged PPi could trigger the aggregation of positively charged tetraphenylethene (TPE)-substituted pyridinium salt nanoparticles (TPE-Py NPs) by electrostatic interactions, lighting up the fluorescence due to the AIE phenomenon. The consumption of PPi by the captured Cu-MOFs through the Cu2+-PPi chelation interaction and ALP-enzymatic hydrolysis depressed the aggregation of TPE-Py NPs. Capture of the tested targets in samples by the antibodies on the plate surface could prevent the attachment of target/ALP-loaded Cu-MOFs due to the competitive immunoreactions. The "signal-on" competitive immunoassay was applied for the detection of procalcitonin (PCT) as the model analyte with a linear range of 0.01-10 pg/mL and a detection limit down to 8 pg/mL. The conceptual integration of AIE with enzymatic and MOFs-based dual signal amplification endowed fluorescence immunoassays with high sensitivity and selectivity. The surface modification of Cu-MOFs with hexahistine (His6)-tagged recombinant proteins through metal coordination interactions should be evaluable for the design of novel biosensors.

Mitigating N2O emissions in land treatment systems: Mechanisms, influences, and future directions.

Land treatment systems (LTS) are widely used in decentralized domestic wastewater treatment due to low energy requirements and effective treatment outcomes. However, LTS operations are also a significant source of N2O emissions, a potent greenhouse gas threatening the ozone layer and posing risks to human health. Despite the importance of understanding and controlling N2O emissions, existing literature lacks comprehensive analyses of the mechanisms driving N2O generation and effective control strategies within LTS. This study addresses this gap by reviewing current research and identifying key factors influencing N2O emissions in LTS. This review reveals that in addition to traditional nitrification and denitrification processes, co-denitrification and complete ammonia oxidation are crucial for microbial nitrogen removal in LTS. Plant selection is primarily based on their nitrogen absorption capacity while using materials such as biochar and iron can provide carbon sources or electrons to support microbial activities. Optimizing operational parameters is essential for reducing N2O emissions and enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in LTS. Specifically, the carbon-to­nitrogen ratio should be maintained between 5 and 12, and the hydraulic loading rate should be kept within 0.08-0.2 m3/(m2·d). Dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential should be adjusted to meet the aerobic or anaerobic conditions the microorganisms require. Additionally, maintaining a pH range of 6.5-7.5 by adding alkaline substances is crucial for sustaining nitrous oxide reductase activity. The operating temperature should be maintained between 20 and 30 °C to support optimal microbial activity. This review further explores the relationship between environmental factors and microbial enzyme activity, community structure changes, and functional gene expression related to N2O production. Future research directions are proposed to refine N2O flux control strategies. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying research gaps, this review advances LTS management strategies that improve wastewater treatment efficiency while mitigating the environmental and health impacts of N2O emissions.

Polarization-Independent Perfect Absorption in Monolayer Black Phosphorus Metasurfaces at Terahertz Frequencies via Critical Coupling.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which possess rich underlying physical properties that can provide the potential for designing more efficient and compact optoelectronic devices, have attracted great interest among scientists. Due to the atomic-scale thickness and the anisotropy of in-plane conductivity, 2D black phosphorus (BP) exhibits a polarization-dependent absorption spectrum with low absorption, which limits its further development in polarization-independent applications such as light absorbers and sensors. In this paper, a polarization-independent perfect absorber in the terahertz band is proposed, which is composed of a patterned BP monolayer deposited on a lossless photonic crystal (PC) slab with a back reflection mirror. The absorption of the patterned BP monolayer can reach 100% at resonant frequencies through the critical coupling mechanism of guided resonance. Moreover, the absorber exhibits polarization-independent absorption characteristics for vertically incident light, which are attributed to the 4-fold rotational symmetry of the PC substrate and the patterned BP monolayer deposited on it. This work opens up the possibility of fabricating optically polarization-independent devices based on single-layer 2D anisotropic materials.

Optimizing the compression resistance of low-nickel stainless steel coronary stents using finite element and response surface methodology.

Considering the high strength and excellent biocompatibility of low-nickel stainless steel, this paper focused on optimizing the design of a vascular stent made from this material using finite element analysis (FEA) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). The aim is to achieve the desired compressive resistance for the stent while maintaining a thin stent wall thickness. The parameters of the stent's support unit width (H), strut width (W), and thickness (T) were selected as input parameters, while the output parameters obtained from FEA included the compressive load, the equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ), axial shortening rate, radial recoil rate, and metal coverage rate. The mathematical models of input parameters and output parameters were established by using the Box Behnken design (BBD) of RSM. The model equations were solved under constrained conditions, and the optimal structural parameters, namely H, W, and T, were finally determined as 0.770 mm, 0.100 mm, and 0.075 mm respectively. In this situation, the compression load of the stent reached the target value of 0.38 N/mm; the PEEQ resulting from the stent expansion was small; the axial shortening, radial recoil, and metal coverage index were all minimized within the required range.

Effects of socioeconomic status and regional inequality on the association between PM2.5 and its components and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A multicenter population-based survey in eastern China.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence linking fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), the impact of its components remains unclear. Socioeconomic status (SES) and regional disparities may confound their association. We aim to evaluate the associations between PM2.5 components and CMM and explore how socioeconomic status and regional disparities affect these relationships. METHODS: We recruited 108,941 participants aged 35-76 years from ten cities in eastern China. Individual exposure was assessed using Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) data, including PM2.5 and five components: ammonium (NH4+), black carbon (BC), nitrates (NO3-), organic matter (OM), and sulfates (SO42-). Generalized linear models and quantile g-computation models were employed to quantify the effects of PM2.5 components on CMM and to identify key components. Stratified analyses were performed to investigate the modifying effect of SES and regional disparities. RESULTS: For each increase in interquartile range (IQR), BC (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95 % CI 1.29-1.47), OM (1.38, 1.29-1.48), NH4+ (1.31, 1.21-1.40), NO3- (1.34, 1.25-1.44), and SO42- (1.28, 1.20-1.38) were positively associated with CMM. Joint exposure to five components was significantly positively associated with CMM (OR: 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.21-1.33), with SO42- having the highest estimated weight, followed by NO3- and BC. These associations were stronger for participants from low socio-economic status and poor regions. CONCLUSION: In summary, we found a stronger hazard effect of PM2.5 and its components on CMM, compared to those suffering from CMDs, particularly among participants with low socioeconomic status and in poor regions. SO42- may be a primary contributor to the association between PM2.5 components and CMM. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing CMM and targeting SO42-related pollution sources in health policies, particularly amid China's aging population, reducing environmental health inequalities is critical.

Estimation of the rice aboveground biomass based on the first derivative spectrum and Boruta algorithm.

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is regarded as a critical variable in monitoring crop growth and yield. The use of hyperspectral remote sensing has emerged as a viable method for the rapid and precise monitoring of AGB. Due to the extensive dimensionality and volume of hyperspectral data, it is crucial to effectively reduce data dimensionality and select sensitive spectral features to enhance the accuracy of rice AGB estimation models. At present, derivative transform and feature selection algorithms have become important means to solve this problem. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the impact of derivative spectrum combined with feature selection algorithm on rice AGB estimation. To this end, at the Xiaogang Village (Chuzhou City, China) Experimental Base in 2020, this study used an ASD FieldSpec handheld 2 ground spectrometer (Analytical Spectroscopy Devices, Boulder, Colorado, USA) to obtain canopy spectral data at the critical growth stage (tillering, jointing, booting, heading, and maturity stages) of rice, and evaluated the performance of the recursive feature elimination (RFE) and Boruta feature selection algorithm through partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), support vector machine (SVM) and ridge regression (RR). Moreover, we analyzed the importance of the optimal derivative spectrum. The findings indicate that (1) as the growth stage progresses, the correlation between rice canopy spectrum and AGB shows a trend from high to low, among which the first derivative spectrum (FD) has the strongest correlation with AGB. (2) The number of feature bands selected by the Boruta algorithm is 19~35, which has a good dimensionality reduction effect. (3) The combination of FD-Boruta-PCR (FB-PCR) demonstrated the best performance in estimating rice AGB, with an increase in R² of approximately 10% ~ 20% and a decrease in RMSE of approximately 0.08% ~ 14%. (4) The best estimation stage is the booting stage, with R2 values between 0.60 and 0.74 and RMSE values between 1288.23 and 1554.82 kg/hm2. This study confirms the accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing in estimating vegetation biomass and further explores the theoretical foundation and future direction for monitoring rice growth dynamics.

Combining features selection strategy and features fusion strategy for SPAD estimation of winter wheat based on UAV multispectral imagery.

The Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) is a vital index for evaluating crop nutritional status and serves as an essential parameter characterizing the reproductive growth status of winter wheat. Non-destructive and accurate monitorin3g of winter wheat SPAD plays a crucial role in guiding precise management of crop nutrition. In recent years, the spectral saturation problem occurring in the later stage of crop growth has become a major factor restricting the accuracy of SPAD estimation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use features selection strategy to optimize sensitive remote sensing information, combined with features fusion strategy to integrate multiple characteristic features, in order to improve the accuracy of estimating wheat SPAD. This study conducted field experiments of winter wheat with different varieties and nitrogen treatments, utilized UAV multispectral sensors to obtain canopy images of winter wheat during the heading, flowering, and late filling stages, extracted spectral features and texture features from multispectral images, and employed features selection strategy (Boruta and Recursive Feature Elimination) to prioritize sensitive remote sensing features. The features fusion strategy and the Support Vector Machine Regression algorithm are applied to construct the SPAD estimation model for winter wheat. The results showed that the spectral features of NIR band combined with other bands can fully capture the spectral differences of winter wheat SPAD during the reproductive growth stage, and texture features of the red and NIR band are more sensitive to SPAD. During the heading, flowering, and late filling stages, the stability and estimation accuracy of the SPAD model constructed using both features selection strategy and features fusion strategy are superior to models using only a single feature strategy or no strategy. The enhancement of model accuracy by this method becomes more significant, with the greatest improvement observed during the late filling stage, with R2 increasing by 0.092-0.202, root mean squared error (RMSE) decreasing by 0.076-4.916, and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) increasing by 0.237-0.960. In conclusion, this method has excellent application potential in estimating SPAD during the later stages of crop growth, providing theoretical basis and technical support for precision nutrient management of field crops.

Structural basis for substrate recognition by a S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase Lpg2021 from Legionella pneumophila.

S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is a crucial enzyme that governs S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent methylation reactions within cells and regulates the intracellular concentration of SAH. Legionella pneumophila, the causative pathogen of Legionnaires' disease, encodes Lpg2021, which is the first identified dimeric SAHH in bacteria and is a promising target for drug development. Here, we report the structure of Lpg2021 in its ligand-free state and in complexes with adenine (ADE), adenosine (ADO), and 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking were used to elucidate the binding mechanisms of Lpg2021 to its substrates and inhibitors. Virtual screening was performed to identify potential Lpg2021 inhibitors. This study contributes a novel perspective to the understanding of SAHH evolution and establishes a structural framework for designing specific inhibitors targeting pathogenic Legionella pneumophila SAHH.

Does the morphology of residential greenspaces contribute to the development of a cardiovascular-healthy city?

BACKGROUNDS: Greenspaces are indispensable for the construction of a healthy city. Research has shown that greenspaces contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular risks. However, the role of greenspace morphology in the development of a healthy city is not well understood. METHODS: Our study utilized data from a cardiovascular disease screening cohort comprising 106,238 residents in Anhui Province, China, aged between 35 and 75 years. We calculated landscape indices of each participant using high-resolution land cover data to measure the greenness, fragmentation, connectivity, aggregation, and shape of greenspaces. We used a multivariate linear regression model to assess the associations between these landscape indices and triglyceride risk, and employed a structural equation model to explore the potential contributions of heatwaves and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to this association. RESULTS: Overall, triglyceride was expected to increase by 0.046% (95% CI: 0.040%, 0.052%) with a 1% increase in the percentage of built-up area. Conversely, an increase in the percentage of greenspace was associated with a 0.270% (95% CI: 0.337%, -0.202%) decrease in triglyceride levels. Furthermore, when the total greenspace was held constant, the shape, connectedness, and aggregation of greenspace were inversely correlated with triglyceride levels, with effects of -0.605% (95% CI: 1.012%, -0.198%), -0.031% (95% CI: 0.039%, -0.022%), and -0.049% (95% CI: 0.058%, -0.039%), respectively. Likewise, the protective effect of the area-weighed mean shape index was higher than that of the total amount of greenspace. The stratification results showed that urban residents benefited more from greenspace exposure. Greenspace morphology can minimize triglyceride risk by reducing pollutant and heatwaves, with aggregation having the greatest effect on reducing pollutants whereas fragmentation is more efficient at reducing heatwaves. CONCLUSION: Exposure to the greenspaces morphology is associated with a reduction in triglyceride risk. The study has important practical and policy implications for early health monitoring and the spatial layout of greenspace and will provide scientific information for healthy urban planning by reducing unfavorable health consequences.

Synthesis of flowerlike vanadium diselenide microspheres for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption.

The revelation of MoS2as an efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material has ratcheted up people's attention to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). To date, extensive studies have been conducted on the semiconducting VIB-Group TMDs while research into metallic VB-Group TMDs has been relatively rare. In this work, we successfully fabricated VB-Group VSe2microspheres through a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used them as EMW absorbers. The flowerlike VSe2microspheres based on VSe2nanosheets exhibited a minimum reflection loss of 46.58 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.86 GHz. The influence of material morphology, microstructure, and dielectric properties on the EMW absorption performance was systematically investigated. The hierarchically layered structure promoted dielectric loss and EMW absorption by means of multiple reflection, interfacial polarization and related relaxation, and enhanced attenuation ability. This work not only demonstrates that VSe2is potentially a high-efficiency single component EMW absorber, but also provides fresh insights into exploration on the EMW loss mechanisms of the metallic TMD-based absorbing materials.

High-Efficiency Pure-Red CsPbI3 Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Strongly Electrostatic Potential Solvent and Sequential Ligand Post-treatment Process.

Efficient pure-red emission light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for high-definition displays, yet achieving pure-red emission is hindered by challenges like phase segregation and spectral instability when using halide mixing. Additionally, strongly confined quantum dots (QDs) produced through traditional hot-injection methods face byproduct contamination due to poor solubility of metal halide salts in the solvent octadecene (ODE) at low temperatures. Herein, we introduced a novel method using a benzene-series strongly electrostatic potential solvent instead of ODE to prevent PbI2 intermediates and promote their dissolution into [PbI3]-. Increasing methyl groups on benzene yields precisely sized (4.4 ± 0.1 nm) CsPbI3 QDs with exceptional properties: a narrow 630 nm PL peak with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 97%. Sequential ligand post-treatment optimizes optical and electrical performance of QDs. PeLEDs based on optimized QDs achieve pure-red EL (CIE: 0.700, 0.290) approaching Rec. 2020 standards, with an EQE of 25.2% and T50 of 120 min at initial luminance of 107 cd/m2.

Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb.

Random bit generators are critical for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and simulations. Speed and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit generation. Herein, we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator. A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method, random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb lines. This bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines used. Our approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation, and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.

Influences of Composite Electrodeposition Parameters on the Properties of Ni-Doped Co-Mn Composite Spinel Coatings.

To enhance the comprehensive performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) ferritic stainless steel (FSS) interconnectors, a novel approach involving composite electrodeposition and thermal conversion is proposed to prepare Ni-doped Co-Mn composite spinel protective coatings on FSS surfaces. The process involves the composite electrodeposition of a Ni-doped Co-Mn precursor coating, followed by thermal conversion to obtain the Co-Mn-Ni composite spinel coating. Crofer 22H was used as the substrate and orthogonal experiments were designed to investigate the influences of deposition solution pH, stirring rate, cathode current density, and the element content of Mn and Ni on the surface morphology and properties of the composite coatings, respectively. The characterization of the prepared coatings was conducted through macroscopic and microscopic morphology observations of the component surface, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and area specific resistance (ASR) testing, etc. Finally, the optimized composite electrodeposition parameters and the Mn-Ni content ratio in the solution were obtained. Experimental results indicated that the composite spinel coating prepared with the optimized process parameters exhibited excellent adhesion to the substrate, and the diffusion and migration of Cr element has been effectively inhibited. Compared with the substrate, the ASR of the coated components has also been decreased simultaneously, which provided an effective method for the surface modification of SOFC FSS interconnectors.

Crystal structure of HPPD inhibitor sensitive protein from Oryza sativa.

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) Inhibitor Sensitive 1 (HIS1) is an endogenous gene of rice, conferring broad-spectrum resistance to ß-triketone herbicides. Similar genes, known as HIS1-like genes (HSLs), exhibit analogous functions and can complement the herbicide-resistant characteristics endowed by HIS1. The identification of HIS1 and HSLs represents a valuable asset, as the intentional pairing of herbicides with resistance genes emerges as an effective strategy for crop breeding. Encoded by HIS1 is a Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase responsible for detoxifying ß-triketone herbicides through hydroxylation. However, the precise structure supporting this function remains unclear. This work, which determined the crystal structure of HIS1, reveals a conserved core motif of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase and pinpoints the crucial residue dictating substrate preference between HIS1 and HSL.

Silver Mineralized Protein Hydrogel with Intrinsic Cell Proliferation Promotion and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Properties for Accelerated Infected Wound Healing.

The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has challenged the clinical treatment of bacterial infection. There is a real need for the development of novel biocompatible materials with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial hydrogels show great potential in infected wound healing but are still being challenged. Herein, broad-spectrum antibacterial and mechanically tunable amyloid-based hydrogels based on self-assembly and local mineralization of silver nanoparticles are reported. The mineralized hydrogels are biocompatible and have the advantages of sustained release of silver, prolonged antimicrobial effect, and improved adhesion capacity. Moreover, the mineralized hydrogels display a significant antimicrobial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in cells and mice by inducing membrane damage and reactive oxygen species toxicity in bacteria. In addition, the mineralized hydrogels can rapidly accelerate wound healing by the synergy between their antibacterial activity and intrinsic improvement for cell proliferation and migration. This study provides a modular approach to developing a multifunctional protein hydrogel platform based on biomolecule-coordinated self-assembly for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Fe-Zn alloy, a new biodegradable material capable of reducing ROS and inhibiting oxidative stress.

Fe-based biodegradable materials have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and favorable biocompatibility. Currently, research on Fe-based materials mainly focuses on regulating the degradation rate. However, excessive release of Fe ions during material degradation will induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Therefore, the control of ROS release and the improvement of biocompatibility for Fe-based materials are very important. In this study, new Fe-Zn alloys were prepared by electrodeposition with the intention of using Zn as an antioxidant to reduce oxidative damage during alloy degradation. Initially, the impact of three potential degradation ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+) from the Fe-Zn alloy on human endothelial cell (EC) activity and migration ability was investigated. Subsequently, cell adhesion, cell activity, ROS production and DNA damage were assessed at various locations surrounding the alloy. Finally, the influence of different concentrations of Zn2+ in the medium on cell viability and ROS production was evaluated. High levels of ROS exhibited evident toxic effects on ECs and promoted DNA damage. As an antioxidant, Zn2+ effectively reduced ROS production around Fe and improved the cell viability on its surface at a concentration of 0.04 mmol/l. These findings demonstrate that Fe-Zn alloy can attenuate the ROS generated from Fe degradation thereby enhancing cytocompatibility.

Synthesis of soybean soluble polysaccharide-based eco-friendly emulsions for soil erosion prevention and control.

This paper introduces the synthesis of an environmentally friendly emulsion that can be used as a soil anti-water erosion material. SSPS-g-P(BA-co-MMA-co-AA) emulsions were prepared using free radical copolymerization with soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), acrylic acid (AA), butyl acrylate (BA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The structure, thermal stability, and morphology were characterized using FT-IR,TG,SEM, and particle diameter analysis. The resistance to water erosion, compressive strength and water retention of emulsion-treated loess/laterite was studied and germination tests were conducted. The results demonstrated that the duration of washout resistance of loess with 0.50 wt% emulsion exceeded 99 h, and the water erosion rate was 56.0 % after 72 h, while the water erosion rate of pure loess is 100.0 % after 4 min;the duration of washout resistance of laterite with 0.50 wt% emulsion exceeded 2 h, which was 8 times longer than pure laterite;The compressive strengths of 0.5 wt% emulsion-treated loess/laterite were 3.5 Mpa and 5.8 MPa, respectively, which were 7 and 9 times higher than that of pure soil. The plant seeds germinated normally half a month after planting. These findings suggest that emulsions can be used to control soil erosion without affecting the germination of plant seeds.

Repetition rate tuning and locking of solitons in a microrod resonator.

Recently, there has been significant interest in the generation of coherent temporal solitons in optical microresonators. In this Letter, we present a demonstration of dissipative Kerr soliton generation in a microrod resonator using an auxiliary-laser-assisted thermal response control method. In addition, we are able to control the repetition rate of the soliton over a range of 200 kHz while maintaining the pump laser frequency, by applying external stress tuning. Through the precise control of the PZT voltage, we achieve a stability level of 3.9 × 10-10 for residual fluctuation of the repetition rate when averaged 1 s. Our platform offers precise tuning and locking capabilities for the repetition frequency of coherent mode-locked combs in microresonators. This advancement holds great potential for applications in spectroscopy and precision measurements.