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Humans actively observe the visual surroundings by focusing on salient objects and ignoring trivial details. However, computer vision models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) often analyze visual input all at once through a single feedforward pass. In this study, we designed a dual-stream vision model inspired by the human brain. This model features retina-like input layers and includes two streams: one determining the next point of focus (the fixation), while the other interprets the visuals surrounding the fixation. Trained on image recognition, this model examines an image through a sequence of fixations, each time focusing on different parts, thereby progressively building a representation of the image. We evaluated this model against various benchmarks in terms of object recognition, gaze behavior, and adversarial robustness. Our findings suggest that the model can attend and gaze in ways similar to humans without being explicitly trained to mimic human attention and that the model can enhance robustness against adversarial attacks due to its retinal sampling and recurrent processing. In particular, the model can correct its perceptual errors by taking more glances, setting itself apart from all feedforward-only models. In conclusion, the interactions of retinal sampling, eye movement, and recurrent dynamics are important to human-like visual exploration and inference.
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Redes Neurais de Computação , Humanos , Fixação Ocular/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: China is the largest tobacco consumer in the world, and tobacco poses a serious threat to the health of pregnant women. However, there are relatively few domestic studies on smoking during pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of active and passive smoking on pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes, providing evidence and recommendations for intervention measures. METHODS: This was a cohort study in Shanghai from April 2021 to September 2023. According to the smoking status of pregnant women, they were divided into three groups: active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers. A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to conduct the survey, and their pregnancy outcomes were tracked and followed up. RESULTS: A total of 3446 pregnant women were included in this study, among which 2.1% were active smokers, 43.5% were passive smokers, and 54.4% were non-smokers. The average age of the pregnant women was 29.9 years, and 41.2% had a university degree or higher. The education level of active smokers and passive smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (p<0.05).The average gestational age of non-smokers was 38.6 weeks, and the birth weight was 3283.2 g, which was higher than those of active smokers and passive smokers (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking increased the likelihood of preterm birth (AOR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.81), low birth weight (AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.12), and intrauterine growth restriction (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.02-1.79), while active smoking increased the likelihood of preterm birth (AOR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.50-5.90), low birth weight (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 2.07-8.88), intrauterine growth restriction (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.37-5.33) , and birth defects (AOR=2.66; 95% CI: 1.00-6.97). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate that active and passive smoking can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study provides data on the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and delivery outcomes among pregnant women. In the future, we need more effective strategies to protect pregnant women from the harm of tobacco.
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Background: The ongoing global health crisis of COVID-19, and particularly the challenges posed by recurrent infections of the Omicron variant, have significantly strained healthcare systems worldwide. There is a growing body of evidence indicating an increased susceptibility to Omicron infection in patients suffering from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). However, the intricate molecular interplay between AKI and Omicron variant of COVID-19 remains largely enigmatic. Methods: This study employed a comprehensive analysis of human RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with Omicron infection in the context of AKI. We engaged in functional enrichment assessments, an examination of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks, and advanced network analysis to elucidate the cellular signaling pathways involved, identify critical hub genes, and determine the relevant controlling transcription factors and microRNAs. Additionally, we explored protein-drug interactions to highlight potential pharmacological interventions. Results: Our investigation revealed significant DEGs and cellular signaling pathways implicated in both Omicron infection and AKI. We identified pivotal hub genes, including EIF2AK2, PLSCR1, GBP1, TNFSF10, C1QB, and BST2, and their associated regulatory transcription factors and microRNAs. Notably, in the murine AKI model, there was a marked reduction in EIF2AK2 expression, in contrast to significant elevations in PLSCR1, C1QB, and BST2. EIF2AK2 exhibited an inverse relationship with the primary AKI mediator, Kim-1, whereas PLSCR1 and C1QB demonstrated strong positive correlations with it. Moreover, we identified potential therapeutic agents such as Suloctidil, Apocarotenal, 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine, among others. Our findings also highlighted a correlation between the identified hub genes and diseases like myocardial ischemia, schizophrenia, and liver cirrhosis. To further validate the credibility of our data, we employed an independent validation dataset to verify the hub genes. Notably, the expression patterns of PLSCR1, GBP1, BST2, and C1QB were consistent with our research findings, reaffirming the reliability of our results. Conclusion: Our bioinformatics analysis has provided initial insights into the shared genetic landscape between Omicron COVID-19 infections and AKI, identifying potential therapeutic targets and drugs. This preliminary investigation lays the foundation for further research, with the hope of contributing to the development of innovative treatment strategies for these complex medical conditions.
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Aluminum alloy plates are widely used to manufacture large-scale integral structure parts in the field of aerospace. During the forming and processing of aluminum alloy plates, different degrees of residual stress are inevitably produced. Fast and accurate detection of residual stress is very essential to ensuring the quality of these plates. In this work, the longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave detection method based on a one-transmitter and double-receiver (OTDR) transducer and the finite element simulation were employed to obtain the residual stress. Aluminum alloy plates with different deformation amounts were fabricated by rotary forging to obtain different residual stress states. Results reveal that the plate formed by rotary forging is in a stress state of central tension and edge compression. As the deformation increases from 20% to 60%, the peak residual tensile stress increases from 156 MPa to 262 MPa, and there is no significant difference in the peak compressive stress. When the deformation reaches 60%, the difference in the residual stresses at different depths is less than 13%, which indicates that the plastic deformation zone basically penetrates the entire longitudinal cross-section of the plate. The maximum deviation between measurement and FE is 61 MPa, which means the experimental data are in good agreement with the FE results.
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In our work, a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor (GDCMBR) was developed to remove Mn2+ and NH3-N simultaneously through the birnessite water purification layer in-situ construction on the ceramic membrane due to chemical pre-oxidation (powdered activated carbon (PAC)-MnOx). Considering the trade-off of biofouling and water production, the daily intermittent short-term vertical aeration mode was involving to balance this contradiction with the excellent water purification and improved membrane permeability. And the GDCMBR permeability of operation flux was improved for 5-7 LHM with intermittent short-term vertical aeration. Furthermore, only â¼7 % irreversible membrane resistance (Rir) also confirmed the improved membrane permeability with intermittent short-term vertical aeration. And some manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species at genus level were identified during long-term operation with the contact circulating flowing raw water, resulting in the better Mn2+ and NH3-N removal efficiency. Additionally, the nano-flower-like birnessite water purification layer was verified in ceramsite@PAC-MnOx coupled GDCMBR, which evolute into a porous flake-like structure with the increasing intermittent short-term aeration duration. Therefore, the sustainable and effective intermittent short-term aeration mode in ceramsite@PAC-MnOx coupled GDCMBR could improve the membrane permeability with the satisfactory groundwater purification efficiency, as well as providing an energy-efficient strategy for membrane technologies applications in water supply safety.
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Amônia , Cerâmica , Manganês , Membranas Artificiais , Permeabilidade , Cerâmica/química , Manganês/química , Amônia/química , Amônia/metabolismo , Purificação da Água/métodos , Reatores Biológicos , Carvão Vegetal/química , Óxidos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Nitrogênio/química , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Manganês/química , Gravitação , Bactérias/metabolismoRESUMO
Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant bacterium of the human skin microbiome since adolescence, participating in both skin homeostasis and diseases. Here, we demonstrate individual and niche heterogeneity of C. acnes from 1,234 isolate genomes. Skin disease (atopic dermatitis and acne) and body site shape genomic differences of C. acnes, stemming from horizontal gene transfer and selection pressure. C. acnes harbors characteristic metabolic functions, fewer antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, and a more stable genome compared with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Integrated genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis at the strain level unveils the functional characteristics of C. acnes. Consistent with the transcriptome signature, C. acnes in a sebum-rich environment induces toxic and pro-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes. L-carnosine, an anti-oxidative stress metabolite, is up-regulated in the C. acnes metabolome from atopic dermatitis and attenuates skin inflammation. Collectively, our study reveals the joint impact of genes and the microenvironment on C. acnes function.
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Acne Vulgar , Dermatite Atópica , Queratinócitos , Propionibacterium acnes , Pele , Humanos , Pele/microbiologia , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Queratinócitos/microbiologia , Acne Vulgar/microbiologia , Propionibacterium acnes/genética , Genômica , Genoma Bacteriano , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genética , Transcriptoma , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Propionibacteriaceae/genética , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Microbiota/genética , MultiômicaRESUMO
The stomach's ability to store, mix, propel, and empty its content requires highly coordinated motor functions. However, current diagnostic tools cannot simultaneously assess these motor processes. This study aimed to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map multifaceted gastric motor functions, including accommodation, tonic and peristaltic contractions, and emptying, through a single noninvasive experiment for both humans and rats. Ten humans and 10 Sprague-Dawley rats consumed MRI-visible semisolid meals and underwent MRI scans. We used a surface model to analyze MRI data, capturing the deformation of the stomach wall on ingestion or during digestion. We inferred muscle activity, mapped motor processes, parcellated the stomach into functional regions, and revealed cross-species distinctions. In humans, both the fundus and antrum distended postmeal, followed by sustained tonic contractions to regulate intragastric pressure. Peristaltic contractions initiated from the distal fundus, including three concurrent wavefronts oscillating at 3.3 cycles/min and traveling at 1.7 to 2.9 mm/s. These motor functions facilitated linear gastric emptying with a 61-min half-time. In contrast, rats exhibited peristalsis from the midcorpus, showing two wavefronts oscillating at 5.0 cycles/min and traveling at 0.4 to 0.9 mm/s. For both species, motility features allowed functional parcellation of the stomach along a midcorpus division. This study maps region- and species-specific gastric motor functions. We demonstrate the value of MRI with surface modeling in understanding gastric physiology and its potential to become a new standard for clinical and preclinical investigations of gastric disorders at both individual and group levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel MRI technique can visualize how the stomach accommodates, mixes, and propels food for digestion in humans and animals alike. Digital models of gastric MRI reveal the functional maps, organization, and distinction of the stomach across individuals and species. This technique holds the unique potential to advance basic and clinical studies of functional gastric disorders.
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Esvaziamento Gástrico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estômago , Animais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Estômago/fisiologia , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Feminino , Peristaltismo/fisiologia , Adulto , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Limited studies have examined the role of the m6A methyltransferase METTL5 in AS pathogenesis. METHODS: This study subjected the AS dataset to differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify m6A methylation-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Next, the m6A methylation-related DEGs were subjected to consensus clustering to categorize AS samples into distinct m6A subtypes. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to investigate the proportions of each cell type in AS and adjacent healthy tissues and the expression levels of key m6A regulators. The mRNA expression levels of METTL5 in AS and healthy tissues were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: AS samples were classified into two subtypes based on a five-m6A regulator-based model. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the proportions of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages in AS tissues were significantly higher than those in healthy tissues. Additionally, the levels of m6A methylation were significantly different between AS and healthy tissues. METTL5 expression was upregulated in macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the METTL5 mRNA level in AS tissues was downregulated when compared with that in healthy tissues. CONCLUSIONS: METTL5 is a potential diagnostic marker for AS subtypes. Macrophages, SMCs, and ECs, which exhibit METTL5 upregulation, may modulate AS progression by regulating m6A methylation levels.
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Adenosina , Aterosclerose , Metiltransferases , Análise de Célula Única , Humanos , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metilação , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
The existing crane control methods mainly aim at suppressing the oscillation of the payloads during the transportation process. However, during the vertical lift-up/lay-down process of the slender-beam payload (SBP), such as the installation of the wind turbine towers, rocket assembly, and pipeline laying, one end of the SBP is lifted up and the other end is in contact with the ground. In this situation, the external disturbance may cause the SBP to sway around the contact point. In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic model for the vertical lift-up/lay-down process of the SBP is established. On this basis, a control method for suppressing oscillation during the lift-up/lay-down process of the SBP is proposed by adopting the non-singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC). The stability of the NTSMC is proved based on the Lyapunov method. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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As one of the most significant parameters in cellular microenvironment, viscosity levels could be used to determine the metabolic process of bioactive substances within cells. Abnormal viscosity levels are closely associated with a series of diseases. Therefore, the design and synthesis of fluorescent probes that can monitor changes of intracellular viscosity in real-time is of great significance for the study of disease development process. Here, a new viscosity-recognized NIR fluorescence probe W1 based on quinoline-malonitrile is synthesized, and it is not susceptible to interference substances. Besides, AIE probe W1 shows fast response, excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, good linear relationship between fluorescence intensity value and viscosity. Based on the above advantages, probe W1 is used to image the change of viscosity level in the cell model induced by nystatin.
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BACKGROUND: Children Snoring is a common childhood disorder that affects the growth and development of children and is detrimental to their health. Increasing awareness of Children Snoring among parents is important. AIM: To develop the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice of Parents towards Children Snoring Scale and test the reliability and validity of the scale. METHODS: The development of the tool was divided into two phases involving 1257 parents from China. In the first phase, an initial project bank was created through a literature review. This was followed by a Delphi expert consultation, group discussion and pre-survey. The second stage screened the items and conducted an exploratory factor analysis, then conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and tested for reliability and validity. RESULTS: Support was found for the 25-item Knowledge-Attitude-Practice toward Children Snoring scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provide support for four subscales: (parental basic cognition toward Children Snoring; parents' perception of complications of Children Snoring; parents' attitude towards Children Snoring; parents' concern and prevention of Children Snoring). Internal consistency for the total scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.93). The intraclass correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.92 (95%CI: 0.85 to 0.95), which provided support for the stability of the scale. CONCLUSION: The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice of Parents towards Children Snoring scale shows promise as a measure that may be used by medical workers and community children's health managers.
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Pais , Ronco , Criança , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ronco/diagnóstico , Atitude , ChinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the level of financial toxicity of informal caregivers of colorectal cancer patients and explore the related key influencing factors. METHOD: A descriptive survey design was used in this study. Data were collected from 236 informal caregivers of colorectal cancer patients between March 2023 and July 2023 from a major hospital in central China (Henan province). Potential influence factors of financial toxicity, including basic information, perceived stress, and social support were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: The financial toxicity score of 236 caregivers of colorectal cancer patients was 19.42 ± 9.72. One hundred and fourteen caregivers (accounting for 48.31%) of colorectal cancer patients had high levels of financial toxicity. Financial toxicity scores of caregivers were negatively correlated with perceived stress (r = -0.421, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with social support (r = 0.416, P < 0.001). Our multivariate regression analysis identified some factors that directly affected caregivers' financial toxicity, including caregiver age (t = 2.105, P = 0.036), medical insurance (t = 2.462, P = 0.015), average household income (t = 2.995, P = 0.003), place of residence (t = 2.872, P = 0.004), perceived stress (t = -4.945, P < 0.001), and social support (t = 4.513, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers of colorectal cancer patients generally experience a higher level of financial toxicity, which could be eased by lower perceived stress and higher social support. In clinical practice, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the level of financial toxicity of particular caregivers and enact targeted interventions such as increasing communication and actively providing information to address the high medical costs, reducing the detrimental effects of financial toxicity, and improving the quality of colorectal cancer care.
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Cuidadores , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Estresse Financeiro , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Understanding the link between the human gut virome and diseases has garnered significant interest in the research community. Extracting virus-related information from metagenomic sequencing data is crucial for unravelling virus composition, host interactions, and disease associations. However, current metagenomic analysis workflows for viral genomes vary in effectiveness, posing challenges for researchers seeking the most up-to-date tools. To address this, we present ViromeFlowX, a user-friendly Nextflow workflow that automates viral genome assembly, identification, classification, and annotation. This streamlined workflow integrates cutting-edge tools for processing raw sequencing data for taxonomic annotation and functional analysis. Application to a dataset of 200 metagenomic samples yielded high-quality viral genomes. ViromeFlowX enables efficient mining of viral genomic data, offering a valuable resource to investigate the gut virome's role in virus-host interactions and virus-related diseases.
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Genoma Viral , Metagenoma , Humanos , Fluxo de Trabalho , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos , MetagenômicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cisplatin resistance is one of the major obstacles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Intriguingly, elevated lactate levels were observed in cisplatin-resistant cells, which spurred further investigation into their underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: Lactate levels were measured by lactate detection kit. Cisplatin-resistance NSCLC cells were established using progressive concentration of cisplatin. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, EdU, and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell proliferation in vivo was determined by immunohistochemistry of Ki67 and apoptotic cells were calculated by the TUNEL. MeRIP-PCR was used to measure FOXO3 m6A levels. The interactions of genes were analyzed via RIP, ChIP, Dual-luciferase reporter, and RNA pull-down, respectively. RESULTS: Elevated lactate levels were observed in both NSCLC patients and cisplatin-resistance cells. Lactate treatment increased cisplatin-resistance cell viability in vitro and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, lactate downregulated FOXO3 by YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification. FOXO3 transcriptionally reduced MAGI1-IT1 expression. FOXO3 overexpression inhibited the lactate-induced promotion of cisplatin resistance in NSCLC, which were reversed by MAGI1-IT1 overexpression. MAGI1-IT1 and IL6R competitively bound miR-664b-3p. FOXO3 overexpression or MAGI1-IT1 knockdown repressed lactate-mediated cisplatin resistance in vivo. CONCLUSION: Lactate promoted NSCLC cisplatin resistance through regulating FOXO3/MAGI1-IT1/miR-664b-3p/IL6R axis in YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification.
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Adenina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Proteína Forkhead Box O3 , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Ácido Láctico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Fatores de Transcrição , Proliferação de Células , MicroRNAs/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Guanilato QuinasesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by chronic liver inflammation and diffuse fibrosis. A combination of vasoactive drugs, preventive antibiotics, and endoscopy is the recommended standard treatment for patients with acute variceal bleeding; however, this has been challenged. We compared the effects of early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), non-early TIPS, and standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present network meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the criteria outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews guidelines. The review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization-approved trial registry databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating early TIPS, non-early TIPS, and standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding. RESULTS: Twenty-four RCTs (1894 patients) were included in the review. Compared with standard treatment, early TIPS [odds ratio (OR), 0.53; 95% credible interval (Cr), 0.30-0.94; surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), 98.3] had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (moderate-to-high-quality evidence), and early TIPS (OR, 0.19; 95% CrI, 0.11-0.28; SUCRA, 98.2) and non-early TIPS (OR, 0.30; 95% CrI, 0.23-0.42; SUCRA, 1.8) were associated with a lower risk of rebleeding (moderate-to-high-quality evidence). Early TIPS was not associated with a reduced risk of hepatic encephalopathy, and non-early TIPS (OR, 2.78; 95% CrI, 1.89-4.23, SUCRA, 0) was associated with an increased incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (moderate-to-high-quality evidence). There was no difference in the incidence of new or worsening ascites (moderate-to-high-quality evidence) among the three interventions. CONCLUSION: Based on the moderate-to-high quality evidence presented in this study, early TIPS placement was associated with reduced all-cause mortality [with a median follow-up of 1.9 years (25th-75th percentile range 1.9-2.3 years)] and rebleeding compared to standard treatment and non-early TIPS. Although early TIPS and standard treatment had a comparable incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, early TIPS showed superiority over non-early TIPS in this aspect. Recent studies have also shown promising results in controlling TIPS-related hepatic encephalopathy. However, it is important to consider individual patient characteristics and weigh the potential benefits against the risks associated with early TIPS. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians carefully evaluate the patient's condition, considering factors such as severity of variceal bleeding, underlying liver disease, and overall clinical status, before making a treatment decision. Further well-designed RCTs comparing early TIPS with non-early TIPS are needed to validate these findings and provide more definitive guidance.
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Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Encefalopatia Hepática , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática , Humanos , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática/efeitos adversos , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Encefalopatia Hepática/complicações , Encefalopatia Hepática/epidemiologia , Metanálise em Rede , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The stomach is the primary reservoir of the gastrointestinal tract, where ingested content is broken down into small particles. Coordinated relaxation and contraction is essential for rhythmic motility and digestion, but how the muscle motor innervation is organized to provide appropriate graded regional control is not established. In this study, we recorded neuromuscular transmission to the circular muscle using intracellular microelectrodes to investigate the spread of the influence of intrinsic motor neurons. In addition, microanatomical investigations of neuronal projections and pharmacological analysis were conducted to investigate neuromuscular relationships. We found that inhibitory neurotransmission to the circular muscle is graded with stimulus strength and circumferential distance from the stimulation site. The influence of inhibitory neurons declined between 1 and 11 mm from the stimulation site. In the antrum, corpus, and fundus, the declines at 11 mm were about 20%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. Stimulation of inhibitory neurons elicited biphasic hyperpolarizing potentials often followed by prolonged depolarizing events in the distal stomach, but only hyperpolarizing events in the proximal stomach. Excitatory neurotransmission influence varied greatly between proximal stomach, where depolarizing events occurred, and distal stomach, where no direct electrical effects in the muscle were observed. Structural studies using microlesion surgeries confirmed a dominant circumferential projection. We conclude that motor neuron influences extend around the gastric circumference, that the effectiveness can be graded by the recruitment of different numbers of motor neuron nerve terminals to finely control gastric motility, and that the ways in which the neurons influence the muscle differ between anatomical regions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a detailed mapping of nerve transmission to the circular muscle of the different anatomical regions of rat stomach. It shows that excitatory and inhibitory influences extend around the gastric circumference and that there is a summation of neural influence that allows for finely graded control of muscle tension and length. Nerve-mediated electrical events are qualitatively and quantitatively different between regions, for example, excitatory neurons have direct effects on fundus but not antral muscle.
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Neurônios Motores , Estômago , Ratos , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Estômago/inervação , Músculos , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , AnimaisRESUMO
Objective.Neural regulation of gastric motility occurs partly through the regulation of gastric bioelectrical slow waves (SWs) and phasic contractions. The interaction of the tissues and organs involved in this regulatory process is complex. We sought to infer the relative importance of cellular mechanisms in inhibitory neural regulation of the stomach by enteric neurons and the interaction of inhibitory and excitatory electrical field stimulation.Approach.A novel mathematical model of gastric motility regulation by enteric neurons was developed and scenarios were simulated to determine the mechanisms through which enteric neural influence is exerted. This model was coupled to revised and extended electrophysiological models of gastric SWs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs).Main results.The mathematical model predicted that regulation of contractile apparatus sensitivity to intracellular calcium in the SMC was the major inhibition mechanism of active tension development, and that the effect on SW amplitude depended on the inhibition of non-specific cation currents more than the inhibition of calcium-activated chloride current (kiNSCC= 0.77 vs kiAno1= 0.33). The model predicted that the interaction between inhibitory and excitatory neural regulation, when applied with simultaneous and equal intensity, resulted in an inhibition of contraction amplitude almost equivalent to that of inhibitory stimulation (79% vs 77% decrease), while the effect on frequency was overall excitatory, though less than excitatory stimulation alone (66% vs 47% increase).Significance.The mathematical model predicts the effects of inhibitory and excitatory enteric neural stimulation on gastric motility function, as well as the effects when inhibitory and excitatory enteric neural stimulation interact. Incorporation of the model into organ-level simulations will provide insights regarding pathological mechanisms that underpin gastric functional disorders, and allow forin silicotesting of the effects of clinical neuromodulation protocols for the treatment of these disorders.
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Cálcio , Estômago , Estômago/fisiologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso , Neurônios , Contração Muscular/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in China. Although chemotherapy is effective in improving clinical symptoms, it causes a variety of acute and chronic side effects, seriously aggravating the psychological stress of patients. Laughter Yoga as a new type of aerobic exercise can effectively reduce stress levels and increase positive mood in patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of laughter yoga on perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity in lung cancer patients. METHODS: This study was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group trial. The study enrolled 84 lung cancer chemotherapy patients from a general hospital in central China. These patients were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (n = 42 per group) after baseline assessments. Patients in the control group received routine care and those in the intervention group received laughter yoga intervention. Perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention. RESULTS: During the implementation of the study, there were 2 dropouts in each of the intervention and control groups. Ultimately, 80 patients in the control and intervention groups completed the trial. Patients who received laughter yoga intervention had significantly higher scores in positive psychological capital (P < .01, Cohen's d = 0.692) and exercise capacity (P < .01, Cohen's d = 0.659). Discernible differences were also observed in perceived stress (P < .01, Cohen's d = 1.087) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that laughter yoga is an effective way and may produce beneficial effects on perceived stress, positive psychological capital and exercise capacity.
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Terapia do Riso , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Yoga , Humanos , Yoga/psicologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Projetos Piloto , Tolerância ao Exercício , Método Simples-Cego , Estresse Psicológico/terapiaRESUMO
Endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play crucial roles in supporting hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regeneration. However, whether ECs are a source of BMSCs remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the contribution of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to BMSC generation in postnatal mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies ECs expressing BMSC markers Prrx1 and Lepr; however, this could not be validated using Prrx1-Cre and Lepr-Cre transgenic mice. Additionally, only a minority of BMSCs are marked by EC lineage tracing models using Cdh5-rtTA-tetO-Cre or Tek-CreERT2. Moreover, Cdh5+ BMSCs and Tek+ BMSCs show distinct spatial distributions and characteristic mesenchymal markers, suggestive of their origination from different progenitors rather than CDH5+ TEK+ ECs. Furthermore, myeloablation induced by 5-fluorouracil treatment does not increase Cdh5+ BMSCs. Our findings indicate that ECs hardly convert to BMSCs during homeostasis and myeloablation-induced hematopoietic regeneration, highlighting the importance of using appropriate genetic models and conducting careful data interpretation in studies concerning endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Camundongos , Animais , Medula Óssea , Camundongos TransgênicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND In t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), patients with extramedullary infiltration (EMI) tend to have worse survival outcomes than those without EMI. However, it is still unclear whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) benefits EMI-positive t(8;21) AML patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study retrospectively enrolled 651 t(8;21) AML patients, and analyzed 51 patients with EMI at diagnosis. Among the 51 patients, 15 patients received allo-HSCT. RESULTS The incidence of EMI in t(8;21) AML was 10.0%, and the first complete remission rate was 78.5% in EMI-positive t(8;21) AML patients. The central nervous system was the most frequently involved site (29.4%), followed by bones (15.7%), and skin (9.8%). In terms of karyotype, 19 (37.3%) patients were t(8;21) alone, 12 (23.5%) had additional loss of a sex chromosome, and 5 (9.8%) had complex karyotype. Significantly better overall survival was observed in patients with allo-HSCT compared to patients without allo-HSCT in both multivariable models (HR=0.32; P=0.0122) and the Kaplan-Meier curves (P=0.0157). CONCLUSIONS Allo-HSCT improved the survival of EMI-positive t(8;21) AML.