Indolent T-Cell/Natural Killer-Cell Lymphomas/Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract-What Have We Learned in the Last Decade?

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas/lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are uncommon, and they are usually aggressive in nature. However, T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma/LPD of the GI tract with indolent clinical course has been reported over the past 2 decades. Indolent T-cell LPD was formally proposed a decade ago in 2013 and 4 years later recognized as a provisional entity by the revised fourth edition of WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues in 2017. Indolent T-cell LPD of the GI tract has been changed to indolent T-cell lymphoma of the GI tract as a distinct entity by the fifth edition of WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours, but the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms prefers indolent clonal T-cell LPD of the GI tract instead. In the past decade, indolent lymphoma/LPD of the GI tract has been expanded to NK cells, and as such, indolent NK-cell LPD of the GI tract was recognized as an entity by both the fifth edition of WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours and the International Consensus Classification. The underlying genetic/molecular mechanisms of both indolent T-cell lymphoma/LPD of the GI tract and indolent NK-cell LPD of the GI tract have been recently discovered. In this review, we describe the history; salient clinical, cytohistomorphologic, and immunohistochemical features; and genetic/genomic landscape of both entities. In addition, we also summarize the mimics and differential diagnosis. Finally, we propose future directions with regard to the pathogenesis and clinical management.

Deceptive Giant Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Esophagus: An Extremely Rare Surgical Case.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma rarely occurs in the esophagus. It always has atypical clinical manifestations and different pathologic features, which usually lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Given its poor prognosis, early and accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance. The accumulation of similar cases is critical for surgeons and pathologists to raise awareness of such tumors. This report aims to discuss the diagnosis and provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for pathologists and clinicians.

[The effect of co-transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and islet on maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in recipient mice].

AIM: To investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or co-transplantation of islet and MSCs, on maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in recipient mice. METHODS: Bone marrow MSCs were isolated from BALB/c mice and co-cultured with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) from C57BL/6 mice at indicated ratios. The co-cultures were treated with recombinant mice granulocyte-macro-phage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) and recombinant mice IL-4 (rmIL-4) for 7 days to induce the differentiation of DCs, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) favoring the maturation of DCs. The differentiation markers and antigen uptake capability of DCs were analyzed by FCM. Production of Interleukin-12 in the supernatants of the DC cultures was quantified by ELISA. BALB/c-derived MSCs and islet were co-transplanted to the capsule of kidney in allogeneic C57BL/c mice. The recipient mice were assayed for their tissue morphology, blood glucose level, and the in vitro differentiation ability of their BMC into mature and functional DCs. RESULTS: The transplantation of MSCs prevented BMC from differentiating into mature DCs, as shown by down-regulated surface markers of DCs including CD11c, CD83, CD86 and I-Ab; (P<0.05), impaired antigen uptake and decreased IL-12 secretion (P<0.01). Co-transplantation of MSCs and islet inhibited immune rejection in the allogeneic recipient mice. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of MSCs inhibits maturation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in the recipient mice, resulting in immune tolerance for the allogeneic islet.

[The effect of murine mesenchymal stem cells on the differentiation and function of allogenetic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.].

AIM: To study the effect of murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the differentiation, maturation and function of allogenetic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and to investigate the mechanism of MSCs displaying immunoregulatory activity. METHODS: BALB/c mice BMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and then coclutured with C57BL/6 murine bone marrows cells (BMCs) at different ratios in vitro to induce DCs generation. The phenotype of cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Endocytosis was measured as the cellular uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextram amd was quantified by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 secretion in the cell culture supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Decreased expression of CD11c, CD14, CD83, CD86 and I-A(b);, down-regulated endocytosis capacity and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion of DCs were all observed when MSCs cocultured with BMCs at a higher ratio (1:10). CONCLUSION: Murine MSCs could supress the differentiation and maturation of DCs derived from allogeneic BMCs in vitro.