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Tebuconazole (TEB), a prominent chiral triazole fungicide, has been extensively utilized for plant pathogen control globally. Despite experimental evidence of TEB metabolism in mammals, the enantioselectivity in the biotransformation of R- and S-TEB enantiomers by specific CYP450s remains elusive. In this work, integrated in silico simulations were employed to unveil the binding interactions and enantioselective metabolic fate of TEB enantiomers within human CYP1A2, 2B6, 2E1, and 3A4. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations clearly delineated the binding specificity of R- and S-TEB to the four CYP450s, crucially determining their differences in metabolic activity and enantioselectivity. The primary driving force for robust ligand binding was identified as van der Waals interactions with CYP450s, particularly involving the hydrophobic residues. Mechanistic insights derived from quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations established C2-methyl hydroxylation as the predominant route of R-/S-TEB metabolism, while C6-hydroxylation and triazol epoxidation were deemed kinetically infeasible pathways. Specifically, the resulting hydroxy-R-TEB metabolite primarily originates from R-TEB biotransformation by 1A2, 2E1 and 3A4, whereas hydroxy-S-TEB is preferentially produced by 2B6. These findings significantly contribute to our comprehension of the binding specificity and enantioselective metabolic fate of chiral TEB by CYP450s, potentially informing further research on human health risk assessment associated with TEB exposure.
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Indoor environments serve as reservoirs for a variety of emerging pollutants (EPs), such as phthalates (PAE), with intricate interactions occurring between these compounds and indoor oxidants alongside dust particles. However, the precise mechanisms governing these interactions and their resulting environmental implications remain unclear. By theoretical simulations, this work uncovers multi-functional compounds and high oxygen molecules as important products arising from the interaction between DEP/DEHP and O3, which are closely linked to SOA formation. Further analysis reveals a strong affinity of DEP/DEHP for mineral dust surfaces, with an adsorption energy of 22.11/30.91 kcal mol-1, consistent with a higher concentration of DEHP on the dust surface. Importantly, mineral particles are found to inhibit every step of the reaction process, albeit resulting in lower product toxicity compared to the parent compounds. Thus, timely removal of dust in an indoor environment may reduce the accumulation and residue of PAEs indoors, and further reduce the combined exposure risk produced by PAEs-dust. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the interaction between PAEs and SOA formation, and to develop a fundamental reaction model at the air-solid surface, thereby shedding light on the microscopic behaviors and pollution mechanisms of phthalates on indoor dust surfaces.
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To detect the contaminate of faucets in hospitals and the splash during hand washing, and to explore the reasonable layout of hand washing pools. Two faucets with roughly the same spatial layout in the ICU of a third-class first-class general hospital were selected, and the farthest splashing distance and specific splashing points were measured by color paper. Samples were detected by ATP detection technology and routine microbial detection method, and the contaminate of faucets was analyzed. After 72 h of daily hand-washing activities, the furthest distance to the splash point was about 100 cm around the faucet, and the place 40-110 cm around the faucet was contaminated seriously. The farthest distance that the splash point reached was about 80 cm around the faucet with the center of the circle, and the area 40-60 cm around the faucet was heavily contaminated. The distance from the water outlet of the long handle and the short handle faucet to the detection point had a high negative correlation (r = - 0.811, P < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation (r = - 0.475, P = 0.001) with the number of splash points, respectively. The qualified rates of ATP detection and microbial culture were 25% and 15%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and other pathogenic bacteria were detected in the water outlet of the faucet and the surrounding environment. Safe hand hygiene facilities are one of the important guarantees of hand hygiene effect. Clean objects and objects related to patients should not be placed within 1 m range near the water outlet of faucet. Anti-splash baffle should be installed as much as possible when conditions permit to reduce the contaminate caused by splash during hand washing.
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Desinfecção das Mãos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Understanding the transcriptional regulatory characteristics throughout the embryogenesis of plant-parasitic nematodes is crucial for elucidating their developmental processes' uniqueness. However, a challenge arises due to the lack of suitable technical methods for synchronizing the age of plant-parasitic nematodes embryo, it is difficult to collect detailed transcriptome data at each stage of embryonic development. Here, we recorded the 11 embryonic developmental time-points of endophytic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (isolated from Wuhan, China), Heterodera glycines (isolated from Wuhan, China), and Ditylenchus destructor (isolated from Jinan, China) species, and constructed transcriptome datasets of single embryos of these three species utilizing low-input smart-seq2 technology. The datasets encompassed 11 complete embryonic development stages, including Zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 24-44 cell, 64-78 cell, Comma, 1.5-fold, 2-fold, Moving, and L1, each stage generated four to five replicates, resulting in a total of 162 high-resolution transcriptome libraries. This high-resolution cross-species dataset serves as a crucial resource for comprehending the embryonic developmental properties of plant-parasitic nematodes and for identifying functional regulatory genes during embryogenesis.
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Plantas , Transcriptoma , Tylenchoidea , Animais , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Tylenchoidea/embriologia , Tylenchoidea/genética , Plantas/parasitologiaRESUMO
The newly discovered ClO⢠and BrO⢠contribute to pollutant degradation in advanced oxidation processes, while acrylamide (AM) and acrylonitrile (ACN) are always the focus of scientists concerned due to their continuous production and highly toxic effects. Moreover, various particles with a graphene-like structure are the companions of AM/ACN in dry/wet sedimentation or aqueous phase existence, which play an important role in heterogeneous oxidation. Thus, this work focuses on the reaction mechanism and environmental effect of AM/ACN with ClOâ¢/BrOâ¢/HO⢠in the water environment under the influence of graphene (GP). The results show that although the reactivity sequence of AM and ACN takes the order of with HO⢠> with BrO⢠> with ClOâ¢, the easiest channel always occurs at the same C-position of the two reactants. The reaction rate constants (k) of AM with three radicals are 2 times larger than that with ACN, and amide groups have a better ability to activate CC bonds than cyanide groups. The existence of GP can accelerate the target reaction, and the k increased by 9-13 orders of magnitude. The toxicity assessment results show that the toxic effect of most products is lower than that of parent compounds, but the environmental risk of products from ClOâ¢/BrOâ¢-adducts is higher than those from HOâ¢-adducts. The oxidative degradation process based on ClO⢠and BrO⢠deserves special attention, and the catalytic effect of GP and its derivatives on the oxidation process is non-negligible.
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Acrilamida , Acrilonitrila , Grafite , Oxirredução , Acrilonitrila/química , Acrilamida/química , Grafite/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Modelos Teóricos , Radical Hidroxila/químicaRESUMO
Blood-contact medical devices are indispensable for clinical interventions, yet their susceptibility to thrombosis and bacterial infections poses substantial risks to treatment efficacy and patient well-being. This study introduces a polysulfobetaine/alginate-CuII (SAC) zwitterionic hydrogel coating on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. This approach retains the superhydrophilic and antifouling nature of pSBMA while conferring the antibacterial effects of copper ions. Meanwhile, the copper alginate network intertwines with the polysulfobetaine (pSBMA) network, enhancing its mechanical properties and overcoming inherent weaknesses, thereby improving coating durability. Compared to the substrate, the SAC hydrogel coating significantly reduces thrombus adhesion mass by approximately 81.5% during extracorporeal blood circulation and effectively prevents bacterial biofilm formation even in a high-concentration bacterial milieu over 30 days. Moreover, the results from an isolated blood circulation model in New Zealand white rabbits affirm the impressive anticoagulant efficacy of the SAC hydrogel coating. The findings suggest that this hydrogel coating and its application method hold promise as a solution for blood-contact material surface modification to address thrombosis and bacterial biofilm formation simultaneously.
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Biofilmes , Coagulação Sanguínea , Hidrogéis , Animais , Coelhos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Poliuretanos/química , Poliuretanos/farmacologia , Betaína/química , Betaína/análogos & derivados , Betaína/farmacologia , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanoscale carbon materials with unique optical properties and biocompatibility. Their applications are limited by their tendency to aggregate or oxidize in aqueous environments. Turning weakness to strengths, CDs can be incorporated with hydrogels, which are three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymers that can retain large amounts of water. Hydrogels can provide a stable and tunable matrix for CDs, enhancing their fluorescence, stability, and functionality. CDs@hydrogels, known for their ease of synthesis, strong binding capabilities, and rich surface functional groups, have emerged as promising composite materials. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of CDs@hydrogels, composite materials composed of CDs and various types of natural or synthetic hydrogels, are summarized. The potential applications of CDs@hydrogels in fluorescence sensing, adsorption, drug delivery, antibacterial activity, flexible electronics, and energy storage are also highlighted. The current challenges and future prospects of CDs@hydrogels systems for the novel functional materials are discussed.
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PURPOSE: The traditional Chinese herbal medicine Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall (S. salsa) with a digesting food effect was taken as the research object, and its chemical composition and action mechanism were explored. METHODS: The chemical constituents of S. salsa were isolated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The food accumulation model in mice was established, and the changes of the aqueous extract of S. salsa in gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rate, colonic tissue lesions, serum brain-gut peptide hormone, colonic tissue protein expression, and gut microbiota structure were compared. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated from S. salsa named as naringenin (1), hesperetin (2), baicalein (3), luteolin (4), isorhamnetin (5), taxifolin (6), isorhamnetin-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (7), luteolin-3'-D-glucuronide (8), luteolin-7-O-ß-D-glucuronide (9), and quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucuronide (10), respectively. The aqueous extract of S. salsa can improve the pathological changes of the mice colon and intestinal peristalsis by increasing the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion. By adjusting the levels of 5-HT, CCK, NT, SS, VIP, GT-17, CHE, MTL, and ghrelin, it can upregulate the levels of c-kit, SCF, and GHRL protein, and restore the imbalanced structure of gut microbiota, further achieve the purpose of treating the syndrome of indigestion. The effect is better with the increase of dose. CONCLUSION: S. salsa has a certain therapeutic effect on mice with the syndrome of indigestion. From the perspective of "brain-gut-gut microbiota", the mechanism of digestion and accumulation of S. salsa was discussed for the first time, which provided an experimental basis for further exploring the material basis of S. salsa.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Dispepsia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Camundongos , Masculino , Dispepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Chenopodiaceae/química , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Unveiling the role of heteroatom compounds in heavy oil viscosity is pivotal for finding targeted viscosity reduction methods to improve oil recovery. This research investigates the impact of heteroatoms in asphaltene molecules by utilizing quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to analyze their electrostatic potential characteristics, pairwise interactions, and dynamic behavior within realistic reservoirs. Heteroatom compounds can influence the molecular-level properties of asphaltenes and thus impact the macroscopic behavior of heavy oils. Research results suggest that the presence of ketone and aromatic rings in asphaltene molecules leads to the unrestricted movement of pi electrons due to their collective electronegativity. Two distinct configurations of asphaltene dimers, face-to-face, and edge-to-face, were observed. Intermolecular interactions were predominantly governed by van der Waals forces, highlighting their significant role in stabilizing asphaltene aggregates. The distribution of asphaltene molecules in the oil phase can be summarized as the "rebar-cement" theory. In the heteroatom-free system, the face-to-face peaks in the radial distribution function exhibit significantly reduced magnitudes compared to those in the heteroatom-containing system. This emphasizes the pivotal function of heteroatoms in connecting molecular components to form a more compact asphaltene structure, which may result in a higher viscosity of heavy oil. These findings give insight into the significance of heteroatoms in bridging molecular components and shaping the intricate structure of asphaltene and advance our understanding of heavy oil viscosity properties.
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In the face of ongoing water pollution challenges, the intricate interplay between dissolved organic matter and disinfectants like chlorine gives rise to potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during water treatment. The exploration of DBP formation originating from amino acids (AA) is a critical focus of global research. Aromatic DBPs, in particular, have garnered considerable attention due to their markedly higher toxicity compared to their aliphatic counterparts. This work seeks to advance the understanding of DBP formation by investigating chlorination disinfection and kinetics using tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), and tryptophan (Trp) as precursors. Via rigorous experiments, a total of 15 distinct DBPs with accurate molecular structures were successfully identified. The chlorination of all three AAs yielded highly toxic chlorophenylacetonitriles (CPANs), and the disinfectant dosage and pH value of the reaction system potentially influence chlorination kinetics. Notably, Phe exhibited the highest degradation rate compared to Tyr and Trp, at both the CAA:CHOCl ratio of within 1:2 and a wide pH range (6.0 to 9.0). Additionally, a neutral pH environment triggered the maximal reaction rates of the three AAs, while an acidic condition may reduce their reactivity. Overall, this study aims to augment the DBP database and foster a deeper comprehension of the DBP formation and relevant kinetics underlying the chlorination of aromatic AAs.
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Aminoácidos Aromáticos , Desinfecção , Halogenação , Purificação da Água , Cinética , Aminoácidos Aromáticos/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Desinfetantes/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
The Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endangered primate species endemic to China. Conducting research on the population distribution changes of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey holds paramount importance for its conservation. Our study represented a comprehensive investigation into the population distribution of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey by integrating data acquired from field surveys, protected areas, and historical records and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to explore changes in distribution across various time periods, including the historical (the Mid-to-Late Pleistocene), recent (1980-2000), and current (2001-2023). The research findings demonstrate a significant shift in the distribution range of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey compared to historical time frames. Notably, between 1980 and 2000, there was a sharp decline in distribution area. Analyses revealed that the southernmost distribution county for the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey in Sichuan Province has shifted northward from Huili to Kangding. Furthermore, distribution changes in Sichuan Province are not solely characterized by a reduction in habitat area but also by a decrease in vertical distribution zones. Regions in the northeastern part of Sichuan with elevations below 1000 m, such as Guang'an City, Bazhong City, Dazhou City, and Nanchong City, no longer support the presence of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey. At present, the distribution range is confined to elevations between 1000 and 4000 m in the two major mountain ranges of Qionglai and Minshan. A holistic approach is required to safeguard this species. The establishment of movement corridors can play a critical role in enhancing the overall connectivity of current distribution areas. Additionally, we propose implementing a hierarchical approach to protect current habitats. Spatially differentiated conservation measures should be implemented to prioritize the protection of key habitats while simultaneously monitoring anthropogenic activities in non-key habitats to prevent further fragmentation and isolation of the monkey's distribution areas.
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The commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is seriously hindered by the shuttle behavior of lithium (Li) polysulfide, slow conversion kinetics, and Li dendrite growth. Herein, a novel hierarchical p-type iron nitride and n-type vanadium nitride (p-Fe2N/n-VN) heterostructure with optimal electronic structure, confined in vesicle-like N-doped nanofibers (p-Fe2N/n-VNâPNCF), is meticulously constructed to work as "one stone two birds" dual-functional hosts for both the sulfur cathode and Li anode. As demonstrated, the d-band center of high-spin Fe atom captures more electrons from V atom to realize more π* and moderate σ* bond electron filling and orbital occupation; thus, allowing moderate adsorption intensity for polysulfides and more effective d-p orbital hybridization to improve reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, this unique structure can dynamically balance the deposition and transport of Li on the anode; thereby, more effectively inhibiting Li dendrite growth and promoting the formation of a uniform solid electrolyte interface. The as-assembled Li-S full batteries exhibit the conspicuous capacities and ultralong cycling lifespan over 2000 cycles at 5.0 C. Even at a higher S loading (20 mg cm-2) and lean electrolyte (2.5 µL mg-1), the full cells can still achieve an ultrahigh areal capacity of 16.1 mAh cm-2 after 500 cycles at 0.1 C.
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The escalating focus on the environmental occurrence and toxicology of emerging pollutants underscores the imperative need for a profound exploration of their metabolic transformations mediated by human CYP450 enzymes. Such investigations have the potential to unravel the intricate metabolite profiles, substantially altering the toxicological outcomes. In this study, we integrated the computational simulations with in vitro metabolism experiments to investigate the metabolic activity and mechanism of an emerging pollutant, 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TDBP-TAZTO), catalyzed by human CYP450s. The results highlight the important contributions of CYP2E1, 3A4 and 2C9 to the biotransformation of TDBP-TAZTO, leading to the identification of four distinct metabolites. The effective binding conformations governing biotransformation reactions of TDBP-TAZTO within active CYP450s are unveiled. Structural instability of primary hydroxyTDBP-TAZTO products suggests three potential outcomes: (1) generation of an alcohol metabolite through successive debromination and reduction reactions, (2) formation of a dihydroxylated metabolite through secondary hydroxylation by CYP450, and (3) production of an N-dealkylated metabolite via decomposition and isomerization reactions in the aqueous environment. The formation of a desaturated debrominated metabolite may arise from H-abstraction and barrier-free Br release during the primary oxidation, potentially competing with the generation of hydroxyTDBP-TAZTO. These findings provide detailed mechanistic insight into TDBP-TAZTO biotransformation by CYP450s, which can enrich our understanding of the metabolic fate and associated health risk of this chemical.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Retardadores de Chama , Humanos , Retardadores de Chama/metabolismo , Triazinas/análise , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Biotransformação , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Introduction: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel autoimmune neurological disorder and is diagnosed by GFAP-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurement. Case report: Herein, we described a 10-year-old boy with abnormal neurological symptoms and signs. GFAP-IgG was detected in CSF using cell-based assay (CBA), and his CSF showed an increase in lymphocytes, a slight decrease in glucose and an increase in protein level in the early stage. The cranial MRI showed multiple strips of T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal changes on the surface of medulla oblongata, pons, and gyrus in bilateral cerebral hemispheres. He was treated with immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose methylprednisolone pulse treatment, and his clinical presentations gradually improved. Conclusion: We highlight that patients with normal inflammatory markers in peripheral blood have obvious meningitis-like symptoms, and clinicians need to consider GFAP astrocytopathy. The early diagnosis and treatment of GFAP astrocytopathy are important for improving the prognosis.
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The unrestricted utilization of antibiotics poses a critical challenge to global public health and safety. Levofloxacin (LEV) and sulfaphenazole (SPN), widely employed broad-spectrum antimicrobials, are frequently detected at the terminal stage of water treatment, raising concerns regarding their potential conversion into detrimental disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, current knowledge is deficient in identifying the potential DBPs and elucidating the precise transformation pathways and influencing factors during the chloramine disinfection process of these two antibiotics. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of reaction pathways, encompassing piperazine ring opening/oxidation, Cl-substitution, OH-substitution, desulfurization, and S-N bond cleavage, during chloramine disinfection. Twelve new DBPs were identified in this study, exhibiting stability and persistence even after 24 h of disinfection. Additionally, an examination of DBP generation under varying disinfectant concentrations and pH values revealed peak levels at a molar ratio of 25 for LEV and SPN to chloramine, with LEV contributing 11.5% and SPN 23.8% to the relative abundance of DBPs. Remarkably, this research underscores a substantial increase in DBP formation within the molar ratio range of 1:1 to 1:10 compared to 1:10 to 1:25. Furthermore, a pronounced elevation in DBP generation was observed in the pH range of 7 to 8. These findings present critical insights into the impact of the disinfection process on these antibiotics, emphasizing the innovation and significance of this research in assessing associated health risks.
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Levofloxacino , Purificação da Água , Levofloxacino/farmacologia , Sulfafenazol , Cloraminas/farmacologia , Desinfecção , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a major problem that must be overcome during chemotherapy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism underlying chemotherapy-associated HBV reactivation is still not fully understood, hindering the development of improved HBV-related HCC treatments. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed to assess the HBV reactivation risk during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). To investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of 5-FU on HBV replication, an HBV mouse model was established by pAAV-HBV1.2 hydrodynamic injection followed by intraperitoneal 5-FU injection, and different in vitro models (HepG2.2.15 or Huh7 cells) were established. Realtime RTâqPCR, western blotting, luciferase assays, and immunofluorescence were used to determine viral parameters. We also explored the underlying mechanisms by RNA-seq, oxidative stress evaluation and autophagy assessment. RESULTS: The pooled estimated rate of HBV reactivation in patients receiving TACE was 30.3 % (95 % CI, 23.1%-37.4 %). 5-FU, which is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in TACE, promoted HBV replication in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, 5-FU treatment obviously increased autophagosome formation, as shown by increased LC3-II levels. Additionally, 5-FU impaired autophagic degradation, as shown by marked p62 and mCherry-GFP-LC3 upregulation, ultimately promoting HBV replication and secretion. Autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine or chloroquine significantly altered 5-FU-induced HBV replication. Furthermore, 5-FU-induced autophagy and HBV replication were markedly attenuated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results indicate that ROS-induced autophagosome formation and autophagic degradation play a critical role in 5-FU-induced HBV reactivation.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Autofagia , Estresse Oxidativo , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) produces and releases various particle types, including complete virions, subviral particles with envelope proteins, and naked capsids. Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits distinct intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, including the endosomal vesicle trafficking and autophagy pathway, to assemble and release viral and subviral particles. Herein, we summarize the findings about the distinct roles of autophagy and endosomal membrane trafficking and the interaction of both pathways in HBV replication, assembly, and release.
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Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Humanos , Montagem de Vírus , Capsídeo/metabolismo , Vírion/metabolismo , Replicação Viral , AutofagiaRESUMO
Apostichopus japonicus, also known as Stichopus japonicus, with medicinal and food homologous figures, is a globally recognized precious ingredient with extremely high nutritional value. There is no relevant review available through literature search, so this article selects the research articles through the keywords "sea cucumber" and "Apostichopus japonicus (Stichopus japonicus)" in six professional databases, such as Wiley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS, Springer, and Web of Science, from 2000 to the present, summarizing the extraction, isolation, and purification methods for the four major categories (polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, saponins, and other components) of the A. japonicus chemical substances and 10 effective biological activities of A. japonicus. Included are anticoagulation, anticancer/antitumor activities, hematopoiesis, regulation of gut microbiota, and immune regulatory activities that correspond to traditional efficacy. Literature support is provided for the development of medicines and functional foods and related aspects that play a leading role in future directions.
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Saponinas , Pepinos-do-Mar , Stichopus , Animais , Stichopus/química , Stichopus/fisiologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , AlimentosRESUMO
Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceous family, widely distribute in Eastern Asia and Asia-Temperate. It has a long history application as a traditional medicine for invigorating the blood and removing blood stasis, and also has been employed to diet, pesticide, herbal bathing materials, the cosmetic and skin care industry. However, there has been no associated review of literature in the past half a century (1967-2023). By searching the international authoritative databases and collecting 229 literatures closely related to COM, herewith a comprehensive and systematic review was conducted. The phytology includes plant distribution and botanical characteristics. The phytochemistry covers 8 major categories, 208 compounds in total, and the quantitative determination of 14 monomer compounds, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The clinical trial in pregnant women and toxic experiments in mice, the pharmacology of 7 aspects and 82 frequently used prescriptions are summarized. It is expected that this paper will provide forward-looking scientific thinking and literature support for the further modern research, development and utilization of COM.
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Cnidium , Medicina Tradicional , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Cnidium/química , Etnofarmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
Background: Healthcare-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are now a global public health problem, increasing the burden of disease and public healthcare expenditures in various countries. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors for CRKP infections and to develop nomogram models to help clinicians predict CRKP infections at an early stage to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical data of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infections in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were collected. 174 patients with CRKP infections and 219 patients with CSKP infections were selected for case-control study. 27 predictors related to CRKP infections were determined. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression was used to screen the characteristic variables, Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the selected variables and a nomogram model was established. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram model were evaluated by receiver operator curves (ROC) and calibration curves. Results: Six predictive factors of ICU stay, fever time, central venous catheterization time, catheter indwelling time, carbapenem use and tetracycline use screened by lasso regression were included in the logistic regression model, and the nomogram was drawn to visualize the results. The area under ROC curve of training set and validation set was 0.894 (95% CI: 0.857, 0.931) and 0.872 (95% CI: 0.805, 0.939); The results of decision curve analysis also show that the model has good prediction accuracy. Conclusion: This study established a nomogram to predict CRKP infection based on lasso-logistic regression model, which has certain guiding significance for early diagnosis of CRKP infections.