[Simulation of Lanzhou urban land expansion based on multi-agent model]. / åŸºäºŽå¤šæ™ºèƒ½ä½“æ¨¡åž‹çš„å °å·žå¸‚åŸŽé•‡ç”¨åœ°æ‰©å±•æ¨¡æ‹Ÿ.

Using the four periods of land use data and socio-economic statistics of Lanzhou City in 1995, 2005, 2015 and 2018, we examined the evolution characteristics and driving forces of urban land use in Lanzhou, with expansion intensity index, Logistic regression, and principal component analysis method. Based on the multi-agent model, the expansion of urban land use in Lanzhou under multiple scenarios in 2025 was simulated using Netlogo software. The results showed that the intensity and scale of urban land expansion in Lanzhou City from 1995 to 2018 showed an increasing trend, with a total of 307 km2 of cultivated land and water area. The expansion of urban land in Lanzhou City was significantly related to regional GDP, social fixed asset investment, population density, population, policy, and terrain. The multi-agent model on the Netlogo software could simulate the expansion trend of urban land in Lanzhou, which provided a reliable simulation method for the expansion of valley-type cities. From 2020 to 2025, urban land use under the comprehensive development scenario, natural expansion development scenario, ecological and farmland protection development scenario all showed an increasing trend. The scale of expansion would range between 42.6-134.3 km2. The expansion mode would mainly be infilled expansion. Our results could provide decision support for the land space planning and ecological environment layout optimization for Lanzhou City.

Pharmacokinetic comparison of five xanthones in rat plasma after oral administration of crude and processed Garcinia hanburyi extracts.

Gamboge, a dried resin secreted by Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. (Guttiferae), possesses remarkable anticancer activity. However, due to toxicity, it must be processed before use in clinics. Xanthones are the main bioactive ingredients in gamboge. In order to elucidate the influence of processing technology on pharmacological properties of gamboge, an efficient, sensitive, and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method of five critical xanthones, including ß-morellic acid (ß-MA), isogambogenic acid (IGNA), gambogenic acid (GNA), R-gambogic acid (GA), and S-GA in rat plasma was established for a comparative pharmacokinetics study of these xanthones after oral administration of crude and processed G. hanburyi extracts. The chromatographic separation of these five xanthones along with an internal standard (I.S.) was carried out on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C8 column with a gradient elution method using acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid-water as mobile phases. The eluate was detected by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning with an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction of the five analytes with ethyl acetate. Deoxyschizandrin was employed as an internal standard. This assay method was validated for selectivity, linearity, intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. The results revealed that the calibration curves displayed good linear regression (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was <5.52 ng/mL for each analyte. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) of the five xanthones at low, medium, and high levels was <10.58%, and the bias of the accuracy ranged from -8.54 to 10.2%. All other parameters fulfilled the FDA criteria for bioanalytical validation. In addition, the assay was successfully applied to the determination and pharmacokinetic study of these five xanthones after oral administration of crude and processed gamboge. Furthermore, Cmax of GNA and AUC0-t of IGNA were increased significantly (P < 0.05) after processing, while AUC0-t of ß-MA, R-GA, and S-GA decreased remarkably (P < 0.05), which suggested that processing exerted different effects on the absorption of xanthones. The results might be valuable for the clinical reasonable application and understanding the processing mechanism of gamboge.

Endothelium corneum gigeriae galli extract inhibits calcium oxalate formation and exerts anti-urolithic effects.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese Medicine is preferred because of its safety and minimal/reduced side effects. Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli (ECGG) extract, a traditional Chinese drug consisting of the dried gizzard membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, was assessed for its effects and mechanism on urolithiasis. AIMS OF STUDY: To evaluate the effects of ECGG extract on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation in vitro, and assess the anti-urolithic effects of ECGG extract in vivo and explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, CaOx crystals were treated with ECGG extract (0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 g/mL), and assessed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and electrical conductivity. Then, a rat model of renal calculi was established by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride treatment, and ECGG extract (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/kg) was administered orally. After treatment, urine, serum and kidney bioindicators were analyzed, as well as kidney's pathological features. RESULTS: In the presence of ECGG extract, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with typical tetragonal bipyramidal morphology were obtained; meanwhile, the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), a major urinary stone component, was inhibited; in addition, the equilibration time of the chemical reaction of Ca2+ and C2O42- ions was delayed in a concentration dependent manner. ECGG extract actually showed anti-urolithic effects; the incidence rates of crystal formation in the kidney in the model, low, middle and high dose groups were 100%, 90%, 70% and 60%, respectively, with a dose-dependent alleviation of kidney stone amounts and kidney damage. Treatment with middle and high ECGG extract doses significantly decreased urine uric acid and oxalic acid amounts, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid contents, and kidney tissue oxalic acid and calcium levels, while increasing kidney and urinary magnesium and superoxide dismutase levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ECGG extract has outstanding anti-urolithic effects, potentially with included bioorganic molecules inducing COD crystal nucleation and growth. Therefore, ECGG extract is a promising drug for preventing and treating urolithiasis.

[Observation of therapeutic effect on perineal, crissal and progenital pruritus treated with acupuncture according to differentiation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of perineal, crissal and progenital pruritus treated with acupuncture according to differentiation. METHODS: Self-control method was applied in these 32 cases. Changqiang (GV 1), Huiyin (CV 1), Qugu (CV 2), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Ashi points etc. were punctured as main points, and adjunct points were added according to differentiation: Taichong (LR 3) and Ququan (LR 8) etc. were added for wind and heat excess of liver meridian, Xuehai (SP 10) and Quchi (LI 11) etc. were added for blood deficiency and wind dryness. Itchiness, skin lesions sign scores and therapeutic effects were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total scores of itchiness before and after treatment were 6.06 +/- 1.46 and 2.19 +/- 1.71 respectively, and the total scores of skin lesions sign were 4.38 +/- 2.21 and 1.50 +/- 1.44, indicating that the scores and the total scores of itchiness and skin lesions sign reduced obviously after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the cured and markedly effective rate was 73.4% (11/15) for wind and heat excess of liver meridian, and 70.6% (12/17) for blood deficiency and wind dryness, presenting similar therapeutic effect (P > 0.05). Hematoma or ecchymosis appeared in 2 cases, and disappeared spontaneously after 2-3 days, without obvious adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: Simple perineal, crissal and progenital pruritus treated with acupuncture according to differentiation is effective, safe and applicable.