Gendered Parenting: Maternal Son Preference and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Early Adolescents.

This study focused on the nuanced phenomenon of gendered parenting by exploring how maternal son preference is associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese early adolescents. Focusing on 1093 junior high school students from a relatively affluent city in Western China, this study examined the mediating roles of mother-child attachment and father-child attachment as well as the moderating role of school connectedness in the relationship between maternal son preference and depressive symptoms. The results revealed a noteworthy positive correlation between maternal son preference and depressive symptoms among female adolescents, with no significant association observed in males. In addition, mother-child attachment and father-child attachment mediated the relationship between maternal son preference and girls' depressive symptoms, supporting the "spillover effect" and "crossover effect". Moreover, a moderation effect analysis indicated that a higher level of school connectedness can buffer the effect of maternal son preference on girls' depressive symptoms, while a lower level of school connectedness can enhance the effect of maternal son preference on girls' depressive symptoms. In addition, maternal son preference was negatively correlated with boys' depressive symptoms in relation to high school connectedness. These insights help enhance people's understanding of gendered parenting, emphasizing the enduring necessity of addressing son preference within the broader context of promoting gender equality.

Analgesic effectiveness of serratus anterior plane block in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a promising regional technique for analgesia in thoracic surgery. Till now, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored the effectiveness of SAPB for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), but the sample sizes were small and conclusions remained in controversy. Therefore, we conducted the present systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: RCTs evaluating the analgesic performance of SAPB, comparing to control methods (no block, placebo or local infiltration anesthesia), in patients undergoing VATS were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to December 31, 2022. Mean difference (MD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated for postoperative pain scores at various time points, postoperative opioid consumption and length of hospital stay. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95%CI were calculated for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and dizziness. A random-effect model was applied. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs (837 participants) were finally included. Compared to control group, SAPB had significant reductions of postoperative pain scores at 2 h (MD = -1.58, 95%CI: -1.86 to -1.31, P < 0.001), 6 h (MD = -2.06, 95%CI: -2.74 to -1.38, P < 0.001), 12 h (MD = -1.72, 95%CI: -2.30 to -1.14, P < 0.001) and 24 h (MD = -1.03, 95%CI: -1.55 to -0.52, P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, SAPB conferred a fewer postoperative opioid consumption (MD = -7.3 mg of intravenous morphine equivalent, 95%CI: -10.16 to -4.44, P < 0.001) and lower incidence of PONV (RR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.77, P < 0.001). There was no difference between both groups regarding length of hospital stay and risk of dizziness. CONCLUSION: SAPB shows an excellent performance in postoperative pain management in patients undergoing VATS by reducing pains scores, postoperative opioid consumption and incidence of PONV. However, due to huge heterogeneity, more well-designed, large-scale RCTs are needed to verify these findings in the future.

Biomechanical Evaluation of an Oblique Lateral Locking Plate System for Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The oblique lateral locking plate system (OLLPS) is a novel internal fixation with a locking and reverse pedicle track screw configuration designed for oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). The OLLPS is placed in a single position through the oblique lateral surgical corridor to reduce operative time and complications associated with prolonged anesthesia and prone positioning. The purpose of this study was to verify the biomechanical effect of the OLLPS. METHODS: An intact finite element model of L1-S1 (intact) was established based on computed tomography images of a healthy male volunteer. The L4-L5 intervertebral space was selected as the surgical segment. The surgical models were established separately based on OLIF surgical procedures and different internal fixations: 1) stand-alone OLIF (SA); 2) OLIF with a 2-screw lateral plate; 3) OLIF with a 4-screw lateral plate; 4) OLIF with OLLPS; and 5) OLIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPS). After validation of the intact model, physiologic loads were applied to the superior surface of L1 to simulate motions such as flexion, extension, left bending, right bending, left rotation, and right rotation. The evaluation indices included the L4/5 range of motion, the L4 maximum displacement, and the maximum stresses of the superior and inferior end plates, the cage, and the supplemental fixation. RESULTS: During OLIF surgery, the OLLPS provided multiplanar stability similar to that provided by BPS. Compared with 2-screw lateral plate and 4-screw lateral plate, OLLPS had better biomechanical properties in terms of enhancing the instant stability of the surgical segment, reducing the stress on the superior and inferior end plates of the surgical segment, and decreasing the risk of cage subsidence. CONCLUSIONS: With a minimally invasive background, the OLLPS can be used as an alternative to BPS in OLIF and it has better prospects for clinical promotions and applications.

Structure-performance relationship for a family of disperse azo dyes having the same D-π-A 4-nitro-4'-amino-azobenzene skeleton: structures, solvatochromism and DFT computations.

A combinational study of structural chemistry and dyestuff chemistry has been carried out to reveal the structure-performance relationship for eight disperse azo dyes by comparing their structures, electronic spectra, solvatochromism and theoretic computations. All eight structural analogues have the same 4-nitro-4'-amino-azobenzene donor-π-acceptor skeleton but different substituted groups, namely, R1 and R2 in ring A, R3, R4 and R5 in Ring B. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses indicate that four azo dyes have severely twisted aminoazobenzene structures because of the steric hindrance of ortho dichloro/dibromo radicals of 4-nitrobenzene moiety, while the other four dyes show essentially planar conformation due to the ortho monosubstituted 4-nitrobenzene amine and 4'-amino-azobenzene units. It is noted that the electronic spectra are closely related to their molecular structures, where the presence of different auxochrome groups and the spatial crowding effects in the aminoazobenzene backbone lead to significant alterations of the bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts.

Dinuclear Cu(II) complexes based on two flexible Schiff-base ligands and one unusual in situ formed diphenolate 2,6-piperidin-4-one derivative.

A dinuclear Cu(ii) complex [Cu2(L3)2]·2H2O, having an unprecedented in situ formed diphenolate 2,6-piperidin-4-one derived ligand produced from the flexible Schiff-base ligand HL1, can be yielded as a side product in the presence of Cu(OAc)2·H2O-NH3·H2O dissolved in methanol and acetone in addition to the expected dinuclear Cu(ii) complex [Cu2(L1)4].

Two pairs of 1 : 2 nickel(II) and copper(II) metal-complex dyes showing the same trans configuration and azo-hydrazone transformation but different thermal properties.

Two pairs of 1: 2 neutral trans mononuclear transition-metal (M = Ni(II) and Cu(II)) complexes of pyridine-2,4-dione and quinoline-2,4-dione based heterocyclic dyes have been structurally and spectrally characterized and compared herein. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses of four complexes, namely trans-[Ni(La)2(DMF)2] (1), trans-[Cu(La)2(DMF)2] (2), trans-[Ni(Lb)2(DMF)2] (3) and trans-[Cu(Lb)2(DMF)2] (4), reveal that they have the same trans configuration between the bidentate chelating dianionic ligands and two axially coordinated DMF molecules. Furthermore, a transformation from the hydrazone to azo configuration has been observed for both bidentate chelating ligands La(-) and Lb(-) after metal-ion complexation. More importantly, the simultaneous DSC/TG-MS-FTIR method has been used to explore the thermal stability of four neutral metal-complex dyes 1-4, where the two axially coordinated DMF molecules in Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes exhibit distinguishable decomposition behavior because of their different M-O bond lengths originating from the Jahn-Teller distortions.

Azo-hydrazone tautomerism observed from UV-vis spectra by pH control and metal-ion complexation for two heterocyclic disperse yellow dyes.

The azo-hydrazone tautomerism of two pyridine-2,6-dione based Disperse Yellow dyes has been achieved by pH control and metal-ion complexation, respectively, which is evidenced by UV-visible spectra using pH-titration, (1)H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques for two dyes and one neutral dinuclear dye-metal complex. pH-titration experiments under strong and weak acidic conditions (HCl and HOAc) as well as strong and weak alkaline conditions (NaOH and ammonia) demonstrate that there is an equilibrium between the azo (HL(1-A) and HL(2-A)) and hydrazone (HL(1-H) and HL(2-H)) tautomers for two dyes in solution but the hydrazone form is dominant under conventional conditions. The hydrazone proton is also observed in the (1)H NMR spectra of HL(1-H) and HL(2-H) which can be verified by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange and the presence of cooperative six-membered intramolecular hydrogen rings involving the hydrazone proton in their X-ray single-crystal structures. Moreover, the azo-hydrazone tautomerism is evidenced by the formation of a novel neutral dinuclear dye-metal complex Cu(2)(L(2-A))(4), where all the ligands are in the azo form and two types of coordination modes are present for four L(2-A) ligands. Namely, the side two ligands serve as the bidentate capping ligands, while the middle ones act as the quadridentate bridging ligands linking adjacent Cu(II) centers in a reverse fashion.