Effects of ant nests on soil CH4 emissions from Syzygium oblatum communities of a secondary tropical forest.

Exploring the effects of ant nests on soil CH4 emissions in the secondary tropical forests is of great scientific significance to understand the contribution of soil faunal activities to greenhouse gas emissions. With static chamber-gas chromatography method, we measured the dry-wet seasonal dynamics of CH4 emissions from ant nests and control soils in the secondary forest of Syzygium oblatum communities in Xishuangbanna. We also examined the linkages of ant-mediated changes in functional microbial diversity and soil physicochemical properties with CH4 emissions. The results showed that: 1) Ant nests significantly accelerated soil CH4 emissions, with average CH4 emissions in the ant nests being 2.6-fold of that in the control soils. 2) The CH4 emissions had significant dry-wet seasonal variations, which was a carbon sink in the dry seasons (from -0.29±0.03 to -0.53±0.02 µg·m-2·h-1) and a carbon source in the wet seasons (from 0.098±0.02 to 0.041±0.009 µg·m-2·h-1). The CH4 emissions were significantly higher in ant nests than in control soils. The CH4 emissions from the ant nests had smaller dry-wet seasonal variation (from -0.38±0.01 to 0.12±0.02 µg·m-2·h-1) than those in the control soils (from -0.65±0.04 to 0.058±0.006 µg·m-2·h-1). 3) Ant nests significantly increased the values (6.2%-37.8%) of soil methanogen diversity (i.e., Ace and Shannon indices), temperature and humidity, carbon pools (i.e., total, easily oxidizable, and microbial carbon), and nitrogen pools (i.e., total, hydrolyzed, ammonium, and microbial biomass nitrogen), but decreased the diversity (i.e., Ace and Chao1 indices) of methane-oxidizing bacteria by 21.9%-23.8%. 4) Results of the structural equation modeling showed that CH4 emissions were promoted by soil methanogen diversity, temperature and humidity, and C and N pools, but inhibited by soil methane-oxidizing bacterial diversity. The explained extents of soil temperature, humidity, carbon pool, nitrogen pool, methanogen diversity, and methane-oxidizing bacterial diversity for the CH4 emission changes were 6.9%, 21.6%, 18.4%, 15.2%, 14.0%, and 10.8%, respectively. Therefore, ant nests regulated soil CH4 emission dynamics through altering soil functional bacterial diversities, micro-habitat, and carbon and nitrogen pools in the secondary tropical forests.

Seeding Atomic Silver into Internal Lattice Sites of Transition Metal Oxide for Advanced Electrocatalysis.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are widely studied for loading of various catalysts due to their low cost and high structure flexibility. However, the prevailing close-packed nature of most TMOs crystals has restricted the available loading sites to surface only, while their internal bulk lattice remains unactuated due to the inaccessible narrow space that blocks out most key reactants and/or particulate catalysts. Herein, using tunnel-structured MnO2, this study demonstrates how TMO's internal lattice space can be activated as extra loading sites for atomic Ag in addition to the conventional surface-only loading, via which a dual-form Ag catalyst within MnO2 skeleton is established. In this design, not only faceted Ag nanoparticles are confined onto MnO2 surface by coherent lattice-sharing, Ag atomic strings are also seeded deep into the sub-nanoscale MnO2 tunnel lattice, enriching the catalytically active sites. Tested for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR), such dual-form catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency (94%), yield (67.3 mol g-1 h-1) and durability (≈48 h) for CO production, exceeding commercial Ag nanoparticles and most Ag-based electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal the concurrent effect of such dual-form catalyst featuring facet-dependent eCO2RR for Ag nanoparticles and lattice-confined eCO2RR for Ag atomic strings, inspiring the future design of catalyst-substrate configuration.

Two-dimensional Cu Plates with Steady Fluid Fields for High-rate Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia and Efficient Zn-Nitrate Batteries.

Nitrate electroreduction reaction (eNO3 -RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a promising strategy for nitrogen utilization, while achieving high selectivity and durability at an industrial scale has remained challenging. Herein, we demonstrated that the performance of eNO3 -RR could be significantly boosted by introducing two-dimensional Cu plates as electrocatalysts and eliminating the general carrier gas to construct a steady fluid field. The developed eNO3 -RR setup provided superior NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99 %, exceptional long-term electrolysis for 120 h at 200 mA cm-2, and a record-high yield rate of 3.14 mmol cm-2 h-1. Furthermore, the proposed strategy was successfully extended to the Zn-nitrate battery system, providing a power density of 12.09 mW cm-2 and NH3 FE of 85.4 %, outperforming the state-of-the-art eNO3 -RR catalysts. Coupled with the COMSOL multiphysics simulations and in situ infrared spectroscopy, the main contributor for the high-efficiency NH3 production could be the steady fluid field to timely rejuvenate the electrocatalyst surface during the electrocatalysis.

Marital concerns of long-term hospitalised patients with diagnosed schizophrenia: A descriptive phenomenological study.

Marital concerns can trigger emotional stress, especially among long-term hospitalised individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, significantly affecting their treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, rehabilitation programs tend to overlook the marital needs of individuals with diagnosed schizophrenia. This research aimed to investigate the content related to marital concerns of Chinese individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who were undergoing extended hospitalisation. Fifteen participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited through purposive sampling for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The gathered data were analysed using Colaizzi's method, revealing three themes: (1) manifestations of marriage-related concerns, (2) effects of marriage on disease progression, and (3) the need for support from family and the hospital. This study offers new insights into marital concerns among long-term schizophrenia inpatients and underscores the significance of screening and intervention for such concerns. Healthcare professionals and family members should extend support to patients to foster confidence within their marital relationships.

An Intrinsic Stable Layered Oxide Cathode for Practical Sodium-Ion Battery: Solid Solution Reaction, Near-Zero-Strain and Marvelous Water Stability.

Non-aqueous solvents, in particular N,N-dimethylaniline (NMP), are widely applied for electrode fabrication since most sodium layered oxide cathode materials are readily damaged by water molecules. However, the expensive price and poisonousness of NMP unquestionably increase the cost of preparation and post-processing. Therefore, developing an intrinsically stable cathode material that can implement the water-soluble binder to fabricate an electrode is urgent. Herein, a stable nanosheet-like Mn-based cathode material is synthesized as a prototype to verify its practical applicability in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The as-prepared material displays excellent electrochemical performance and remarkable water stability, and it still maintains a satisfactory performance of 79.6% capacity retention after 500 cycles even after water treatment. The in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrates that the synthesized material shows an absolute solid-solution reaction mechanism and near-zero-strain. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of the electrode fabricated with a water-soluble binder shows excellent long-cycling stability (67.9% capacity retention after 500 cycles). This work may offer new insights into the rational design of marvelous water stability cathode materials for practical SIBs.

Recent Progress Toward Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene.

Despite that extensive efforts have been dedicated to the search for advanced catalysts to boost the electrocatalytic nitrobenzene reduction reaction (eNBRR), its progress is severely hampered by the limited understanding of the relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Herein, this review aims to bridge such a gap by first analyzing the eNBRR pathway to present the main influential factors, such as electrolyte feature, applied potential, and catalyst structure. Then, the recent advancements in catalyst design for eNBRR are comprehensively summarized, particularly about the impacts of chemical composition, morphology, and crystal facets on regulating the local microenvironment, electron and mass transport for boosting catalytic performance. Finally, the future research of eNBRR is also proposed from the perspectives of performance enhancement, expansion of product scope, in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism, and acceleration of the industrialization process through the integration of upstream and downstream technologies.

Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene: From Advanced Catalyst Design to Industrial Applications.

The value-added chemicals, monoxide, methane, ethylene, ethanol, ethane, and so on, can be efficiently generated through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR) when equipped with suitable catalysts. Among them, ethylene is particularly important as a chemical feedstock for petrochemical manufacture. However, despite its high Faradaic efficiency achievable at relatively low current densities, the substantial enhancement of ethylene selectivity and stability at industrial current densities poses a formidable challenge. To facilitate the industrial implementation of eCO2 RR for ethylene production, it is imperative to identify key strategies and potential solutions through comprehending the recent advancements, remaining challenges, and future directions. Herein, the latest and innovative catalyst design strategies of eCO2 RR to ethylene are summarized and discussed, starting with the properties of catalysts such as morphology, crystalline, oxidation state, defect, composition, and surface engineering. The review subsequently outlines the related important state-of-the-art technologies that are essential in driving forward eCO2 RR to ethylene into practical applications, such as CO2 capture, product separation, and downstream reactions. Finally, a greenhouse model that integrates CO2 capture, conversion, storage, and utilization is proposed to present an ideal perspective direction of eCO2 RR to ethylene.

Metal-Free Stereoconvergent C-H Borylation of Enamides.

Enamides, functional derivatives of enamines, play a significant role as synthetic targets. However, the stereoselective synthesis of these molecules has posed a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry, particularly for acyclic enamides that are less thermodynamically stable. In this study, we present a general strategy for constructing ß-borylenamides by C-H borylation, which provides a versatile platform for generating the stereodefined enamides. Our approach involves the utilization of metalloid borenium cation, generated through the reaction of BBr3 and enamides in the presence of two different additives, avoiding any exogenous catalyst. Importantly, the stereoconvergent nature of this methodology allows for the use of starting materials with mixed E/Z configurations, thus highlighting the unique advantage of this chemistry. Mechanistic investigations have shed light on the pivotal roles played by the two additives, the reactive boron species, and the phenomenon of stereoconvergence.

Effects of ant nesting on seasonal dynamics of soil N2O emission in a secondary tropical forest.

We assessed the seasonal dynamics of N2O emission in ant nests soils in secondary tropical Millettia leptobotrya forest of Xishuangbanna by using the static chamber-gas chromatography method, and determined the lin-kages between ant-mediated changes in soil properties (e.g., carbon pool, nitrogen pool, and temperature and humidity) and N2O emission. The results showed that ant nesting significantly affected soil N2O emission. The ave-rage soil N2O emission (0.67 mg·m-2·h-1) in ant nests was 40.2% higher than that in the control (0.48 mg·m-2·h-1). N2O emission in ant nests and the control showed substantial seasonal variation, with higher rate in June (0.90 and 0.83 mg·m-2·h-1, respectively) than that in March (0.38 and 0.19 mg·m-2·h-1, respectively). Ant nesting significantly increased the values (7.1%-74.1%) of moisture, temperature, organic carbon, total nitrogen, hydrolytic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon, but decreased pH (9.9%) compared with the control. Results of structural equation model showed that soil N2O emission was promoted by soil C and N pool, temperature, and humidity, but was inhibited by soil pH. The explained extents of soil nitrogen pool, carbon pool, temperature and humidity, and pH for N2O emission changes were 37.2%, 27.7%, 22.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Therefore, ant nesting regulated N2O emission dynamics by changing nitrification and denitrification substrates (e.g., nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen), carbon pool, and micro-habitat (temperature and moisture) of soil in the secondary tropical forest.

Microenvironment Engineering for the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction.

Rather than just focusing on the catalyst itself in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR), as previously reviewed elsewhere, we herein extend the discussion to the special topic of the microenvironment around the electrocatalytic center and present a comprehensive overview of recent research progress. We categorize the microenvironment based on the components relevant to electrocatalytic active sites, i.e., the catalyst surface, substrate, co-reactants, electrolyte, membrane, and reactor. Supported by most of the reported articles, the relevant factors affecting the catalytic performance of eCO2 RR are then discussed in detail, and existing challenges and potential solutions are mentioned. Perspectives for the future research on eCO2 RR, including the integration of different microenvironment factors, the extension to industrial application by coupling with carbon capture and conversion, and separation of products, are also discussed.

Generation of non-stabilized alkyl radicals from thianthrenium salts for C-B and C-C bond formation.

Sulfonium salts bearing a positively charged sulfur atom with three organic substituents have intrigued chemists for more than a century for their unusual structures and high chemical reactivity. These compounds are known to undergo facile single-electron reduction to emerge as a valuable and alternative source of aryl radicals for organic synthesis. However, the generation of non-stabilized alkyl radicals from sulfonium salts has been a challenge for several decades. Here we report the treatment of S-(alkyl) thianthrenium salts to generate non-stabilized alkyl radicals as key intermediates granting the controlled and selective outcome of the ensuing reactions under mild photoredox conditions. The value of these reagents has been demonstrated through the efficient construction of alkylboronates and other transformations, including heteroarylation, alkylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation. The developed method is practical, and provides the opportunity to convert C-OH bond to C-B and C-C bonds.

Metal-Free Directed C-H Borylation of Pyrroles.

Robust strategies to enable the rapid construction of complex organoboronates in selective, practical, low-cost, and environmentally friendly modes remain conspicuously underdeveloped. Here, we develop a general strategy for the site-selective C-H borylation of pyrroles by using only BBr3 directed by pivaloyl groups, avoiding the use of any metal. The site-selectivity is generally dominated by chelation and electronic effects, thus forming diverse C2-borylated pyrroles against the steric effect. The formed products can readily engage in downstream transformations, enabling a step-economic process to access drugs such as Lipitor. DFT calculations (wB97X-D) demonstrate the preferred positional selectivity of this reaction.

External oxidant-compatible phosphorus(III)-directed site-selective C-H carbonylation.

The first development of an external oxidant-compatible system involving a phosphorus(III)-directed C-H functionalization has been uncovered. An efficient C-H esterification of indoles with CO and alcohols has been reported in which the high reactivity and the exclusive C7-selectivity derives from the selection of a P(III)-directing group and the utilization of benzoquinone as an external oxidant with palladium catalysis. This strategy shows many advantages, involving an easily accessible and removable directing group, the use of cheap carbonylation sources, a broad substrate scope, and excellent positional selectivity. Two cyclopalladated intermediates were confirmed by x-ray analysis, uncovering key mechanistic features of this P(III)-directed C-H metalation event.

High salt-induced weakness of anti-oxidative function of natriuretic peptide receptor-C and podocyte damage in the kidneys of Dahl rats.

BACKGROUND: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its natriuretic peptide receptors A (NPR-A) and C (NPR-C) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological process of blood pressure. The present study aimed to determine the role of NPR-C in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS: The Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats were used in this study. Animals were matched according to their age and weight, and then placed on either a high-salt (HS, 8%) or a normal-salt (NS, 0.4%) diet for 6 weeks randomly using random number table. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasmatic sodium concentration (PLNa), urinary sodium excretion (UVNa), and serum creatinine concentration (Scr) were measured. The concentration of ANP in blood and tissues (heart and kidney) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of ANP, NPR-A, and NPR-C in kidney was evaluated with western blot analysis. Regarding renal redox state, the concentration changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in kidney were detected by a spectrophotometric method. The kidney damage was evaluated using pathological techniques and the succinodehydrogenase (SDHase) examination. Furthermore, after an intra-peritoneal injection of C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)4-23 (C-ANP4-23), an NPR-C receptor agonist, the SBP, biochemical values in blood and urine, and renal redox state were evaluated. The paired Student's t test and analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test were performed for statistical analyses of the comparisons between two groups and multiple groups, respectively. RESULTS: The baseline SBP in all groups was within the normal range. At the end of the 6-week experiment, HS diet significantly increased the SBP in DS rats from 116.63 ±â€Š2.90 mmHg to 162.25 ±â€Š2.15 mmHg (t = -10.213, P < 0.001). The changes of SBP were not significant in DS rats on an NS diet and DR rats on an NS diet or on an HS diet (all P > 0.05). The significant increase of PLNa, UVNa, and Scr related to an HS diet was found in both DS and DR rats (all P < 0.05). However, significant changes in the concentration (t = -21.915, P < 0.001) and expression of renal ANP (t = -3.566, P = 0.016) and the expression of renal NPR-C (t = 5.864, P = 0.002) were only observed in DS hypertensive rats. The significantly higher desmin immunochemical staining score (t = -5.715, P = 0.005) and mitochondrial injury score (t = -6.325, P = 0.003) accompanied by the lower SDHase concentration (t = 3.972, P = 0.017) revealed mitochondrial pathologic abnormalities in podocytes in DS rats with an HS diet. The distinct increases of MDA (t = -4.685, P = 0.009), lipofuscin (t = -8.195, P = 0.001), and Nox (t = -12.733, P < 0.001) but not NOS (t = -0.328, P = 0.764) in kidneys were also found in DS hypertensive rats. C-ANP4-23 treatment significantly decreased the SBP induced by HS in DS rats (P < 0.05), which was still higher than NS groups with the vehicle or C-ANP4-23 treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the HS-induced increase of MDA, lipofuscin, Nox concentrations, and Nox4 expression in DS rats was significantly attenuated by C-ANP4-23 treatment as compared with those with HS diet and vehicle injection (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the renal NPR-C might be involved in the salt-sensitive hypertension through the damage of mitochondria in podocytes and the reduction of the anti-oxidative function. Hence, C-ANP4-23 might serve as a therapeutic agent in treating salt-sensitive hypertension.

Radical-Polar Crossover Annulation: A Platform for Accessing Polycyclic Cyclopropanes.

Photoredox-mediated radical/polar crossover (RPC) processes provide unique solutions to challenging annulations. Herein, we describe an approach to the cyclopropanation of olefins that are embedded within bicyclic scaffolds. Whereas these systems are notoriously recalcitrant toward classical cyclopropanation approaches, RPC cyclopropanation can be executed with ease, leading to polycarbocyclic and polyheterocyclic cyclopropanes. The cyclopropanation proceeds through a photoredox-enabled Giese-type radical addition followed by an intramolecular anionic substitution reaction on a neopentyl leaving group.

Regioselective Single-Electron Tsuji-Trost Reaction of Allylic Alcohols: A Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Approach.

A radical-mediated functionalization of allyl alcohol derived partners with a variety of alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is described. This transformation transpires with high linear and E-selectivity, avoiding the requirement of harsh conditions (e.g., strong base, elevated temperature). Additionally, using aryl sulfinate salts as radical precursors, allyl sulfones can also be obtained. Kinetic isotope effect experiments implicated oxidative addition of the nickel catalyst to the allylic electrophile as the turnover-limiting step, supporting previous computational studies.

Desulfonative photoredox alkylation of N-heteroaryl sulfones - an acid-free approach for substituted heteroarene synthesis.

Minisci-type alkylation of electron-deficient heteroarenes has been a pivotal technique for medicinal chemists in the synthesis of drug-like molecules. However, such transformations usually require harsh conditions (e.g., strong acids, stoichiometric amount of oxidants, elevated temperatures, etc.). Herein, by utilizing photoredox catalysis, a highly-selective alkylation method using heteroaryl sulfones has been developed that can be carried out under acid-free and redox-neutral conditions. Because of these mild conditions, challenging yet privileged structures, such as monosaccharides and unprotected secondary amines, can be installed.

Tumor-Suppression Mechanisms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase O and Clinical Applications.

Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating human physiological and pathological processes. Functional stabilization of tyrosine phosphorylation largely contributes to the balanced, coordinated regulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Research has revealed PTPs play an important suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression by reversing oncoprotein functions. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase O (PTPRO) as one member of the PTPs family has also been identified to have some roles in tumor development. Some reports have shown PTPRO over-expression in tumors can not only inhibit the frequency of tumor cell division and induce tumor cell death, but also suppress migration. However, the tumor-suppression mechanisms are very complex and understanding is incomplete, which in some degree blocks the further development of PTPRO. Hence, in order to resolve this problem, we here have summarized research findings to draw meaningful conclusions. We found tumor-suppression mechanisms of PTPRO to be diverse, such as controlling G0/G1 of the tumor cell proliferation cycle, inhibiting substrate phosphorylation, down-regulating transcription activators and other activities. In clinical anticancer efforts, expression level of PTPRO in tumors can not only serve as a biomarker to monitor the prognosis of patients, but act as an epigenetic biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis. In addition, the re-activation of PTPRO in tumor tissues, not only can induce tumor volume reduction, but also enhance the susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs. So, we can propose that these research findings of PTPRO will not only support new study ideas and directions for other tumor- suppressors, importantly, but also supply a theoretical basis for researching new molecular targeting agents in the future.

Peratrial device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects through a right parasternal approach.

BACKGROUND: Both percutaneous and perventricular device closures of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PmVSDs) have drawbacks. This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of peratrial device closure of a PmVSD using a probe-assisted delivery system. METHODS: Seventy-three patients (peratrial group) were enrolled in this study. A 1.5- to 2.0-cm parasternal incision was made in the fourth right interspaces. A Z-shaped malleable hollow probe was inserted into the right atrium. Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance, it was advanced through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tip of the probe was adjusted to point to or cross the defect. A flexible guidewire was sent to the left ventricle through the probe to establish a delivery pathway. Then the device was delivered and deployed. Seventy matched control patients, who underwent perventricular device closure of PmVSDs, were identified and assigned to the perventricular group. RESULTS: Successful device placement was achieved in 70 of 73 (96%) patients in the peratrial group. The minimal PmVSD diameter ranged from 2.0 to 7.0 mm (median, 3.0 mm). Although the intracardiac manipulation time was longer in the peratrial group, the procedural time and postoperative hospital stays were shorter than in the perventricular group (all p<0.01). During the follow-up period of 6 to 24 months, no significant device-related complication was found in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The peratrial device closure of PmVSDs is feasible, safe, and efficacious. Compared with the perventricular technique, it has the advantages of less trauma, shorter hospital stays and procedure time, and better cosmetic results.

Comparison of low-dose sequences of dual-source CT and echocardiography for preoperative evaluation of aortic valve disease.

BACKGROUND: Accurate evaluation of coronary artery, aortic valve annulus diameter (AVAD), and cardiac function in patients with aortic valve disease is of great significance for surgical strategy. In this study, we explored the preoperative evaluation of low-dose sequence (MinDose sequence) scan of dual-source CT (DSCT) for those patients. METHODS: Forty patients suspected for aortic valve disease (the experimental group) underwent MinDose sequence of DSCT to observe coronary artery, AVAD, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Another 33 subjects suspected for coronary artery disease (the control group) underwent conventional retrospective electrocardiographically-gated sequence of DSCT. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE) and four-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (4D-TTE) were applied in the experimental group to measure AVAD and LVEF and compared with MinDose-DSCT. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between LVEFs measured by 2D-TTE and MinDose-DSCT (r = 0.87, P < 0.01), as well as between 4D-TTE and MinDose-DSCT (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). AVAD measured by MinDose-DSCT was in good agreement with corresponding measurements by 2D-TTE (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). The effective dose in the experimental group was 63.54% lower than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: MinDose sequence of DSCT with a low radiation dose serving as a one-stop preoperative evaluation makes effective assessment of the coronary artery, AVAD, and LVEF for patients with aortic valve disease.