Pathologic Response of Phase III Study: Perioperative Camrelizumab Plus Rivoceranib and Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer (DRAGON IV/CAP 05).

PURPOSE: This multicenter, randomized phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of perioperative camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus low-dose rivoceranib (a VEGFR-2 inhibitor) and S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) (SOXRC), high-dose rivoceranib plus SOX (SOXR), and SOX alone (SOX) for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Patients with T3-4aN + M0 G/GEJ adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive perioperative treatment with SOXRC, SOXR, or SOX. The primary end points were pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival. The Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping enrollment in the SOXR group on the basis of the safety data of the first 103 randomly assigned patients in the three groups. The patients were then randomly assigned 1:1 to the SOXRC or SOX groups. This report presents the pCR results obtained per protocol for the first 360 randomly assigned patients who had the opportunity for surgery in the SOXRC and SOX groups. RESULTS: In the SOXRC and SOX groups, of the 180 patients in each group, 99% and 98% of patients received neoadjuvant therapy, 91% and 94% completed planned neoadjuvant therapy, and 86% and 87% underwent surgery, respectively. The pCR was significantly higher in the SOXRC group at 18.3% (95% CI, 13.0 to 24.8) compared with 5.0% (95% CI, 2.3 to 9.3) in the SOX group (difference of 13.7%; 95% CI, 7.2 to 20.1; odds ratio of 4.5 [95% CI, 2.1 to 9.9]). The one-sided P value was <.0001, crossing the prespecified statistical significance threshold of P = .005. Surgical complications and grade ≥3 neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse events were 27% versus 33% and 34% versus 17% for SOXRC and SOX, respectively. CONCLUSION: The SOXRC regimen significantly improved pCR compared with SOX alone in patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma with a tolerable safety profile.

Perioperative systemic and prophylactic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for type 4/large type 3 gastric cancer: DRAGON-10.

Large type 3 and type 4 gastric cancers (GC) have a significantly poor prognosis, primarily due to their high predisposition for peritoneal dissemination. The application of intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as a viable therapeutic strategy for managing GC patients with peritoneal metastasis. This study is planned to enroll 37 resectable large type 3 or type 4 GC patients. These patients are scheduled to undergo a treatment comprising preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel, oxaliplatin and S-1, followed by D2 gastrectomy, and concluding with postoperative treatments that include prophylactic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The study's primary objective is to evaluate the 3-year peritoneal recurrence rate. Secondary objectives are to assess the 3-year disease-free survival, 3-year overall survival and to monitor the adverse events.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2400083253 (https://www.chictr.org.cn).

Gastric cancer (GC), specifically the large type 3 and type 4 kinds, is a serious health condition that often leads to a very poor chance of survival. This is mainly because these types of cancer easily spread to the lining of the abdomen, a process known as peritoneal dissemination. One way to tackle this issue is through a treatment known as intraperitoneal chemotherapy, which directly targets the abdominal lining to kill cancer cells. In our study, 37 resectable large type 3 and type 4 GC patients will receive a combination of chemotherapy drugs before undergoing surgery to remove the cancer. After surgery, they will receive additional treatment that combines chemotherapy into the abdomen with standard chemotherapy. The main goal of our study is to see if this treatment approach can reduce the chance of cancer returning to the abdominal lining within 3 years. We are also looking at how long patients remain free from cancer, their overall survival after 3 years, and any side effects they may experience from the treatment. This study aims to provide a clearer understanding of how effective this combined treatment is for patients with these aggressive types of GC, with the hope of improving their chances of survival and quality of life.

GRP94 promotes anoikis resistance and peritoneal metastasis through YAP/TEAD1 pathway in gastric cancer.

Anoikis resistance allows cancer cells to avoid death caused by detachment from the extracellular matrix's adhesion, enabling these cells to infiltrate and migrate to regions such as the peritoneum. This study emphasizes GRP94's involvement in anoikis resistance and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). It's found that GRP94 overexpression, linked to poor prognosis, was potentially due to SP1 and GRP94 promoter interactions, confirmed through dual luciferase reporter (DLR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and quantitative real-time PCR (real-time qPCR). Increased GRP94 enhanced GC cells' anoikis resistance and metastasis. Decreasing GRP94 had opposite effects, potentially through yes-associated protein (YAP)/TEAD1 axis inhibition, with raised YAP phosphorylation and decreased TEAD1 levels detected by western blotting (WB). Inhibiting YAP counteracted GRP94's effects on anoikis resistance and metastasis, while activating YAP reversed the effects of GRP94 reduction. Animal experiments verified GRP94's contribution to GC's peritoneal metastasis. In conclusion, our work highlights the effect of GRP94 on anoikis resistance, showing potential value in treating peritoneal metastasis of GC.

The C2 isthmus screw provided sufficient biomechanical stability in the setting of atlantoaxial dislocation-a finite element study.

BACKGROUND: The emerging of the C2 isthmus screw fixation technique is gaining popularity in the setting of atlantoaxial dislocation or other conditions requiring fixation of C2. However, the biomechanical stability of this fixation is poorly understood. PURPOSE: To compare and elucidate the biomechanical stability of C2 pedicle screw (C2PS), C2 isthmus screw (C2IS) and C2 short isthmus screw (C2SIS) fixation techniques in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). METHOD: A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) from occiput to C3 was established and validated from a healthy male volunteer. Three FEMs, C1 pedicle screw (PS)-C2PS, C1PS-C2IS, C1PS-C2SIS were also constructed. The range of motion (ROM) and the maximum von Mises stress under flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation loading were analyzed and compared. The pullout strength of the three fixations for C2 was also evaluated. RESULT: C1PS-C2IS model showed the greatest decrease in ROM with flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. C1PS-C2PS model showed the least ROM reduction under all loading conditions than both C2IS and C2SIS. The C1PS-C2PS model had the largest von Mises stress on the screw under all directions followed by C1PS-C2SIS, and lastly the C1PS-C2IS. Under axial rotation and lateral bending loading, the three models showed the maximum and minimum von Mises stress on the screw respectively. The stress of the three models was mainly located in the connection of the screw and rod. Overall, the maximum screw pullout strength for C2PS, C2IS and C2SIS were 729.41N, 816.62N, 640.54N respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with atlantoaxial dislocations, the C2IS fixation provided comparable stability, with no significant stress concentration. Furthermore, the C2IS had sufficient pullout strength when compared with C2PS and C2SIS. C2 isthmus screw fixation may be a biomechanically favourable option in cases with AAD. However, future clinical trials are necessary for the evaluation of the clinical outcomes of this technique.

Purification of triterpenoid saponins and 25R/25S-inokosterone from Achyranthes bidentata Bl. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled silver nitrate coordination.

An effective method by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coordinated with silver nitrate for the preparative separation of sterones and triterpenoid saponins from Achyranthes bidentata Blume was developed. Methyl tert-butyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (4:2:3:8, v/v/v/v) was selected for 20-hydroxyecdysone (compound 1), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (compound 4), 2'-glycan-11-keto-pigmented saponin V (compound 5), as well as a pair of isomers of 25S-inokosterone (compound 2) and 25R-inokosterone (compound 3), which were further purified by silver nitrate coordinated high-speed countercurrent chromatography. What is more, dichloromethane/methanol/isopropanol/water (6:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) was applied for calenduloside E (compound 6), 3ß-[(O-ß-d-glucuronopyranosyl)-oxy]-oleana-11,13-dien-28-oic acid (compound 7), zingibroside R1 (compound 8) and chikusetsusaponin IVa (compound 9). Adding Ag+ to the solvent system resulted in unique selectivity for 25R/25S isomers of inokosterone, which increased the complexing capability and stability of Ag+ coordinated 25S-inokosterone, as well as the α value between them. These results were further confirmed by the computational calculation of geometry optimization and frontier molecular orbitals assay. Comprehensive mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated the structures of the obtained compounds.

[A new sesquiterpenoid from Lindera aggregata].

The chemical composition of the aqueous part of the extract from Lindera aggregata was studied, which was separated and purified by the macroporous resin column chromatography, MCI medium pressure column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid phase and other methods. The structures of the compounds were identified according to physical and chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified from the aqueous extracts, which were identified as(1S,3R,5R,6R,8S,10S)-epi-lindenanolide H(1), tachioside(2), lindenanolide H(3), leonuriside A(4), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethyl ß-D-glucopyranoside(5), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-6-α-L-rhamnose-(1→6)-O-ß-D-glucoside(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7),(+)-lyoniresin-4-yl-ß-D-glucopyranoside(8), lyoniside(9), norboldine(10), norisopordine(11), boldine(12), reticuline(13). Among them, compound 1 was a new one, and compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 were obtained from L. aggregata for the first time. The inflammatory model was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that compounds 1, 8, 10 and 12 had significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Biomedical Applications of Sulfonylcalix[4]arene-Based Metal-Organic Supercontainers.

Coordination cages sustained by metal-ligand interactions feature polyhedral architectures and well-defined hollow structures, which have attracted significant attention in recent years due to a variety of structure-guided promising applications. Sulfonylcalix[4]arenes-based coordination cages, termed metal-organic supercontainers (MOSCs), that possess unique multi-pore architectures containing an endo cavity and multiple exo cavities, are emerging as a new family of coordination cages. The well-defined built-in multiple binding domains of MOSCs allow the efficient encapsulation of guest molecules, especially for drug delivery. Here, we critically discuss the design strategy, and, most importantly, the recent advances in research surrounding cavity-specified host-guest chemistry and biomedical applications of MOSCs.

Upregulation of circRNA_0023685 promotes gastric cancer progression via a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively studied for their critical roles as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we focused on the expression, function and molecular mechanism of circRNA_0023685 in gastric cancer (GC) to provide new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Firstly, a novel differentially expressed circRNA, circRNA_0023685, was identified, and its differential expression in GC plasma, tissue, and cell lines was further verified by RT-qPCR. Next, circRNA_0023685 was verified to promote the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of GC cells in vitro. CircRNA_0023685 was also proved to enhance the growth of GC tumors in xenograft models. Finally, for excavating the mechanism to promote GC, downstream microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs were screened by bioinformatics analyses. After intersecting the target genes and genes enriched in GO analysis, a circRNA competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network was built. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed to find the candidate gene, APP. Our study confirmed that the highly expressed circRNA_0023685 could promote GC, which provided a new clinical diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.

Windblown sand hazards risk assessment along the highways based on GIS-game theory combination weight.

Windblown sand hazards seriously threaten the safe operation of highways in desert areas. Reasonable risk assessment can provide the basis for windblown sand hazards prevention and risk reduction. To facilitate the formulation of better windblown sand hazards prevention and reduction strategies, a new windblown sand hazards risk assessment model along the highways was proposed, in which seven evaluation indicators were selected from danger of the hazard-causing factors, vulnerability of the hazard-forming environment, and the vulnerability of the hazard-bearing body. The model was established based on the combination weighting method of game theory, and the risk map was generated based on the GIS platform. Finally, the model was applied to the windblown sand hazards risk assessment along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway. The result showed that the risk of the windblown sand hazards along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway is mainly medium, low, and very low. High and very high risk windblown sand hazards sections account for only 33% of the total length of the highway. The high and very high risk highway sections of the windblown sand hazards are mainly distributed in the hinterland of shifting dunes area and near the horizontal curve with a small radius in the flat sandy land area. By comparing with the real information of windblown sand hazards along the highway, correlation was up to 85.93%, which verified the accuracy of the model. The model can be applied to windblown sand hazards risk assessment along the highways.

Efficient discovery of active isolates from Dioscorea spongiosa by the combination of bioassay-guided macroporous resin column chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography.

In the present study, twelve compounds from Dioscorea spongiosa were successfully purified by an efficient technique combined bioassay-guided fractionation macroporous resin column chromatography (MRCC) pretreatment and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) separation for the first time. Then, D101 MRCC was used to fractionate the crude extract into five parts, which further applied the bioassay-guided fractionation strategy to screen the active fractions of 2 and 4. As for the separation, 200 mg Fr.2 was purified by HSCCC using EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2 O (2:2:3, v/v), leading to annulatomarin (1), dioscoresides C (2), diosniponol C (3), methyl protodioscin (4), pseudoprotodioscin (5), protogracillin (6), as well as 200 mg Fr.4 yielding montroumarin (7), dioscorone A (8), diosniponol D (9), protodioscin (10), gracillin (11), and dioscin (12) using CH2 Cl2 /MeOH/H2 O (3:3:2, v/v) with the purities over 95.0%. Finally, the isolates were assayed for their anti-inflammatory, urico-lowering, and anti-diabetic activities in vitro, which indicated that the steroidal saponins of 5, 6, and 11 showed all these three activities.

Correlations between the structure and anti-diabetic activity of novel polysaccharides from raw and "Nine Steaming Nine Sun-Drying" Polygonti rhizome.

"Nine Steaming Nine Sun-Drying" Polygonti rhizome has been used as valuable tonic health-care products for thousands of years. This research aimed to determine the correlations between the structure and anti-diabetic activities of three novel polysaccharides isolated from the raw and "Nine Steaming Nine Sun-Drying" Polygonti rhizome, with PRP-R from the raw ones and PRP-9Z and PRP-9A from the steamed ones. Structures of the isolated polysaccharides were determined by IR and NMR spectra, as well as monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis. In vitro assays indicated that PRP-9Z could improve the glucose consumptions more effectively than PRP-R and PRP-9A via Akt/GSK3ß insulin signal pathway by western blotting analysis. In vivo assays indicated PRP-9Z could improve the glucose tolerance in the BKS-db mice. Histopathological assay demonstrated that PRP-9Z effectively reduced the damage of the kidney and liver. The above results indicated that PRP-9Z from "Nine Steaming Nine Sun-Drying" Polygonti rhizome showed significant anti-diabetic properties, which indicated that PRP-9Z with higher content of →1)-ß-Frup-(2→ was more active than PRP-R with higher →1,6)-ß-Fruf-(2→ and PRP-9A with higher →4)-ß-Galp(1→.

Secondary metabolites from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. with in vitro antidiabetic activities.

One new phenolic cyclobutantetraol ester united chromone glycoside (1), one new amide (2), and three new phenyl ethanol glycosides (3-5) were obtained from the water extract of Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott, in which compound 1 was the first reported structure incorporating the phenolic cyclobutantetraol ester and chromone via the glucose phenolic metabolites in nature. Structures of the isolated compounds, including absolute configurations, were elucidated according to the analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, ECD and BLYP/6-31G* geometry optimization calculations of 13C NMR data. All isolates (1-5) were evaluated for the antidiabetic activity by the insulin resistance (IR) model and anti-inflammatory activity against NO production in vitro. Compounds 1-3 showed strong antidiabetic activities, greatly promoting the glucose consumption in the insulin resistance HepG2 cells compared with the model group, however, 1-5 showed weak anti-inflammatory activities.

Amplified and Specific Staining of Protein Dimerization on Cell Membrane Catalyzed by Responsively Installed DNA Nanomachines for Cancer Diagnosis.

In situ staining of protein dimerization on cell membrane has an important significance in accurate diagnosis during perioperative period, yet facile integration of specific recognition function and local signal conversion/amplification abilities on membrane surface remains a great challenge. Herein, a two-stage catalytic strategy is developed by installing DNA nanomachines and employing. Specifically, dual-aptamer-assisted DNA scaffold perform a "bispecific recognition-then-computing" operation and the output signal initiate a membrane-anchored biocatalysis for self-assembly of DNA catalytic converters, that is, G-quadruplex nanowire/hemin DNAzyme. Then, localized-deposition of chromogenic polydopamine is chemically catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme and guided by supramolecular interactions between conjugate rigid plane of G-tetrad and polydopamine oligomer. The catalytic products exhibit nanofiber morphology with a diameter of 80-120 nm and a length of 1-10 µm, and one-to-one localize on DNA scaffold for amplified and specific staining of protein dimers. The bispecific staining leads to a higher (≈3.4-fold) signal intensity than traditional immunohistochemistry, which is beneficial for direct visualization. Moreover, an efficient discrimination ability of the bispecific staining strategy is observed in co-culture model staining. This study provides a novel catalytic method for controlling deposition of chromogens and paves a new avenue to sensitively stain of protein-protein interactions in disease diagnosis.

Engineered Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles with Enhanced CCR2 Expression Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Neuronal death.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by significant disability and limited treatment options. Mitigating the secondary inflammatory response following the initial injury is the primary focus of current research in the treatment of SCI. CCL2 (C─C motif chemokine ligand 2) serves as the primary regulator responsible for inflammatory chemotaxis of the majority of peripheral immune cells, blocking the CCL2-CCR2 (C─C chemokine receptor type 2) axis has shown considerable therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases, including SCI. In this study, it presents a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform (CCR2-MM@PLGA/Cur) specifically designed to target the CCL2-CCR2 axis, which consisted of an engineered macrophage membrane (MM) coating with enhanced CCR2 expression and a PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticle that encapsulated therapeutic drugs. CCR2 overexpression on MM not only enhanced drug-targeted delivery to the injury site, but also attenuated macrophage infiltration, microglia pro-inflammatory polarization, and neuronal apoptosis by trapping CCL2. Consequently, it facilitated neural regeneration and motor function recovery in SCI mice, enabling a comprehensive treatment approach for SCI. The feasibility and efficacy of this platform are confirmed through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, offering new insights and potential avenues for further exploration in the treatment of SCI.

Oncological outcomes of conversion therapy in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis: a large-scale retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Data on the long-term oncological outcomes of patients who undergo conversion surgery (CS) in gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) are limited. METHODS: GC patients with PM who received intraperitoneal (ip) and systemic chemotherapy between April 2015 and January 2021 were enrolled. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with survival. Clinicopathological and survival outcomes were compared between those with CS and those without CS (NCS). The paclitaxel (PTX) plus tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium capsules (S-1) (PS) + ip PTX and oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) + ip PTX groups were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching. Oncological and survival data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 540 patients who received ip chemotherapy via subcutaneous port and systemic chemotherapy were analyzed and 268 patients were enrolled, including 113 who underwent CS and 155 who did not. Overall survival (OS) were 27.0 months and 11.8 months in the CS and NCS groups (P < 0.0001), respectively. R0 resection was an independent prognostic factor for patients who underwent CS. The OS of patients with or without ovariectomy was 21.3 or 12.0 months (P < 0.0001). No difference of clinicopathological and survival outcomes was found between the PS + ip PTX and SOX + ip PTX groups. CONCLUSION: Conversion therapy is safe and adverse events were manageable. CS improves the survival of GC patients with PM after ip and systemic chemotherapy. R0 is an important prognostic factor. Furthermore, outcomes are comparable between the PS + ip PTX and SOX + ip PTX groups.

Constraint Coupling of Redox Cascade and Electron Transfer Synchronization on Electrode-Nanosensor Interface for Repeatable Detection of Tumor Biomarkers.

Quantitative analysis of up-regulated biomarkers in pathological tissues is helpful to tumor surgery yet the loss of biomarker extraction and time-consuming operation limited the accurate and quick judgement in preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis. Herein, an immobilization-free electrochemical sensing platform is developed by constraint coupling of electron transfer cascade on electrode-nanosensor interface. Specifically, electrochemical indicator (Ri)-labeled single-stranded DNA on electroactive nanodonor (polydopamine, PDA) can be responsively detached by formation of DNA complex through the recognition and binding with targets. By applying the oxidation potential of Ri, nanosensor collisions on electrode surface trigger a cascade redox cycling of PDA and Ri through synchronous electron transfer, which boost the amplification of current signal output. The developed nanosensor exhibit excellent linear response toward up-regulated biomarkers (miRNA-21, ATP, and VEGF) with low detection limits (32 fM, 386 pM, and 2.8 pM). Moreover, background influence from physiological interferent is greatly reduced by restricted electron transfer coupling on electrode. The practical applicability is illustrated in sensitive and highly repeatable profiling of miRNA-21 in lysate of tumor cells and tumor tissue, beneficial for more reliable diagnosis. This electrochemical platform by employing electron transfer cascades at heterogeneous interfaces offers a route to anti-interference detection of biomarkers in tumor tissues.

Guided discovery of hepatoprotective polyhydroxy cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii by MS/MS molecular networking.

Seven previously undescribed polyhydroxy cembrane-type diterpenoids, olibanols A-G (1-7) were obtained from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii by means of MS/MS molecular networking. Compound 2 possessed four hydroxy groups, 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 had three hydroxy groups, 7 with one hydroxy group, among which 1 and 4 were a pair of epimers with double bond at C-3 and hydroxy at C-8. Structures of these previously undescribed compounds were determined by NMR analysis and ECD calculations. All the polyhydroxy cembrane-type diterpenoids obtained were assayed for their hepatoprotective effects against the anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic damage to the HRZ-induced HepG2 cells. As results indicated, compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed significant hepatoprotective effects against the hepatic damage via the Nrf2 signal pathway, which could be developed as potential hepatoprotective agents against the anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic damage.

Sintilimab combined neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities currently used for the treatment of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus S-1 combined intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel. This is an open-label, single-center, phase II study including 36 gastric adenocarcinoma patients with peritoneal metastases diagnosed by laparoscopy. All enrolled patients received sintilimab, intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel plus oral S-1 every 3 weeks. Conversion operation should be considered when a patient responds to the regimen and the peritoneal metastasis disappears. After gastrectomy, the protocol treatment is repeated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, investigator decision or patient withdrawal. The primary end point is the 1-year survival rate. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05204173 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Insights into the Anticorrosion Performance of Solanum lyratum Leaf Extract for Copper in Sulfuric Acid Medium.

In this paper, Solanum lyratum leaves were prepared into a corrosion inhibitor by a pure water extraction method. As a natural plant, S. lyratum leaf extract as a corrosion inhibitor has green features. S. lyratum leaf extract (SLLE) can effectively inhibit the corrosion of Cu in H2SO4 solution. The protective effect on copper in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was studied by electrochemical measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and theoretical calculation. These results showed that the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) of SLLE for copper obtained in the electrochemical measurement at different temperatures is more than 90%. The adsorption of SLLE on copper surfaces conforms to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. FTIR and XPS showed the bonding information. SEM and AFM proved that the SLLE can protect the copper from corrosion media. The interaction and inhibition mechanism between the SLLE and copper surface was further revealed at the molecular level by theoretical calculation.