Integrative analysis of proteomics and lipidomic profiles reveal the fat deposition and meat quality in Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig.

Introduction: This study aims to explore the important factors affecting the characteristics of different parts of pork. Methods: Lipidomics and proteomics methods were used to analyze DAL (differential lipids) and DAPs (differential proteins) in five different parts (longissimus dorsi, belly meat, loin, forelegs and buttocks) of Duhua pig (Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig), to identify potential pathways affecting meat quality, investigating fat deposition in pork and its lipid-protein interactions. Results: The results show that TG (triglyceride) is the lipid subclass with the highest proportion in muscle, and the pathway with the most significantly enriched lipids is GP. DAP clustered on several GO terms closely related to lipid metabolism and lipogenesis (lipid binding, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, and lipid regulation). In KEGG analysis, there are two main DAP aggregation pathways related to lipid metabolism, namely Fatty acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. In PPI analysis, we screened out 31 core proteins, among which NDUFA6, NDUFA9 and ACO2 are the most critical. Discussion: PC (phosphatidylcholine) is regulated by SNX5, THBS1, ANXA7, TPP1, CAVIN2, and VDAC2 in the phospholipid binding pathway. TG is regulated by AUH/HADH/ACADM/ACADL/HADHA in the lipid oxidation and lipid modification pathways. Potential biomarkers are rich in SFA, MUFA and PUFA respectively, the amounts of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in the lipid measurement results are consistent with the up- and down-regulation of potential biomarker lipids. This study clarified the differences in protein and lipid compositions in different parts of Duhua pigs and provided data support for revealing the interactions between pork lipids and proteins. These findings provide contributions to the study of intramuscular fat deposition in pork from a genetic and nutritional perspective.

Copper Dispersed Covalent Organic Framework for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition and Fast Synthesis of Rufinamide in Water.

A crystalline porous bipyridine-based Bpy-COF with a high BET surface area (1864 m2  g-1 ) and uniform mesopore (4.0 nm) is successfully synthesized from 1,3,5-tris-(4'-formyl-biphenyl-4-yl)triazine and 5,5'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine via a solvothermal method. After Cu(I)-loading, the resultant Cu(I)-Bpy-COF remained the ordered porous structure with evenly distributed Cu(I) ions at a single-atom level. Using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF as a heterogeneous catalyst, high conversions for cycloaddition reactions are achieved within a short time (40 min) at 25 °C in water medium. Moreover, Cu(I)-Bpy-COF proves to be applicable for aromatic and aliphatic azides and alkynes bearing various substituents such as ester, hydroxyl, amido, pyridyl, thienyl, bulky triphenylamine, fluorine, and trifluoromethyl groups. The high conversions remain almost constant after five cycles. Additionally, the antiepileptic drug (rufinamide) is successfully prepared by a simple one-step reaction using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF, proving its practical feasibility for pharmaceutical synthesis.

Superior Strength, Toughness, and Damage-Tolerance Observed in Microlattices of Aperiodic Unit Cells.

Characterized by periodic cellular unit cells, microlattices offer exceptional potential as lightweight and robust materials. However, their inherent periodicity poses the risk of catastrophic global failure. To address this limitation, a novel approach, that is to introduce microlattices composed of aperiodic unit cells inspired by Einstein's tile, where the orientation of cells never repeats in the same orientation is proposed. Experiments and simulations are conducted to validate the concept by comparing compressive responses of the aperiodic microlattices with those of common periodic microlattices. Indeed, the microlattices exhibit stable and progressive compressive deformation, contrasting with catastrophic fracture of periodic structures. At the same relative density, the microlattices outperform the periodic ones, exhibiting fracture strain, energy absorption, crushing stress efficiency, and smoothness coefficients at least 830%, 300%, 130%, and 160% higher, respectively. These improvements can be attributed to aperiodicity, where diverse failure thresholds exist locally due to varying strut angles and contact modes during compression. This effectively prevents both global fracture and abrupt stress drops. Furthermore, the aperiodic microlattice exhibits good damage tolerance with excellent deformation recoverability, retaining 76% ultimate stress post-recovery at 30% compressive strain. Overall, a novel concept of adopting aperiodic cell arrangements to achieve damage-tolerant microlattice metamaterials is presented.

3D-Printed Lattice Structures for Sound Absorption: Current Progress, Mechanisms and Models, Structural-Property Relationships, and Future Outlook.

The reduction of noises, achieved through absorption, is of paramount importance to the well-being of both humans and machines. Lattice structures, defined as architectured porous solids arranged in repeating patterns, are emerging as advanced sound-absorbing materials. Their immense design freedom allows for customizable pore morphology and interconnectivity, enabling the design of specific absorption properties. Thus far, the sound absorption performance of various types of lattice structures are studied and they demonstrated favorable properties compared to conventional materials. Herein, this review gives a thorough overview on the current research status, and characterizations for lattice structures in terms of acoustics is proposed. Till date, there are four main sound absorption mechanisms associated with lattice structures. Despite their complexity, lattice structures can be accurately modelled using acoustical impedance models that focus on critical acoustical geometries. Four defining features: morphology, relative density, cell size, and number of cells, have significant influences on the acoustical geometries and hence sound wave dissipation within the lattice. Drawing upon their structural-property relationships, a classification of lattice structures into three distinct types in terms of acoustics is proposed. It is proposed that future attentions can be placed on new design concepts, advanced materials selections, and multifunctionalities.

Clinical characteristics and cognitive function in bipolar disorder patients with different onset symptom.

Background: In recent years, studies on the clinical features and cognitive impairment of patients with different first-episode types of bipolar disorder have received increasing attention. The patients with bipolar disorder may present with different symptoms at first onset. The aim of this study is to assess the cognitive functions of a patient's index episode of bipolar disorder, depression or mania, on risk factors of effecting on cognitive functions. Method: One hundred sixty eight patients with bipolar disorder diagnosed for the first time were enrolled in the study. All patients were divided into two groups according to their index episode of bipolar disorder, either depression or mania. Seventy three patients of the cohort had an index episode mania and 95 patients had initial symptoms of depression. Demographic and clinical disease characteristic data of all enrolled patients were collected. Meanwhile, 75 healthy controls were included. Demographic data of controls were collected. The cognitive functions of all patients and controls were detected by continuous performance test (CPT), digital span test (DST) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). The main cognitive functions data were compared among the mania group, depression group and control group. The relevant risk factors affecting cognitive function were analyzed. Results: (1) Most patients with bipolar disorder had an index episode depression (56.55% vs. 43.45%). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had later age of onset [(24.01 ± 4.254) vs. (22.25 ± 6.472), t = 2. 122, p = 0.035]. The education level of patient groups was lower than control group (p < 0.001). (2) The healthy control group's DST, WCST and CPT scores were better than the patient groups (All p < 0.05). The mania group's DST (forward, reverse, sum), WCST (total responses, completed classifications, correct responses, incorrect responses, percentage of correct responses, completed the number of responses required for classification, the percentage of conceptualization level, the number of persistent responses, non-persistent errors), CPT (2 digit score, 3 digit score, 4 digit score) was better than the depression group (p < 0.05). (3) In mania group, correlation analysis showed that all CPT parameter, inverse digit span, and the sum of DST was negatively correlated with the education level (All p < 0.05). The CPT-4 digit score was negatively correlated with onset age (p < 0.05). In the WCST, the number of correct responses, the percentage of correct responses and the percentage of conceptualization level were positively correlated with the BRMS score (All p < 0.05). The number of false responses and persistent responses were negatively correlated with the BRMS score (All p < 0.05). The number of persistent errors and percentage of persistent errors was positively correlated with education years (All p < 0.05). In depression group, there was a positive correlation between inverse digit span and the education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, there were cognitive impairments in attention, memory, and executive function of patients with different onset syndromes of bipolar disorder. Compared with the mania group, the degree of cognitive impairments in bipolar patients with the depressive episode was more severe. The risk factors affecting cognitive impairments included the age of onset, education level, number of hospitalizations and severity of illness.

An Interval Prediction of Chloroprene Rubber Crack Propagation Characteristics Based on Thermal Accelerated Aging.

Thermo-oxidative aging plays an important role in changing the properties of rubber materials; it significantly decreases the fatigue life of air spring bags and further causes safety hazards. However, due to the great uncertainty of rubber material properties, an effective interval prediction model has not been established considering the effect of aging on airbag rubber properties. To solve the problem, this study proposes an interval parameter correlation model that can more accurately describe rubber crack propagation characteristics by considering material uncertainty. Furthermore, an aging prediction model of the rubber crack propagation characteristic region is established based on the Arrhenius equation. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the test and prediction results under the temperature spectrum. The method can be used to determine the variations in the interval change of the fatigue crack propagation parameters during rubber aging and can guide fatigue reliability analyses of air spring bags.

Ultrasensitive Pesticide Detection and Specific Recognition in Microenvironment-Modulated Fluorescent Micro-/Mesoporous Polyaminals.

Two new carbazole-based monomers 6,6'-(9-n-butyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and 6,6'-(9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are synthesized and employed to polymerize with formamide and N,N-dimethylformamide, respectively, to afford thee fluorescent micro-/mesoporous polyaminals with physicochemical microenvironment modulated by -NH2, -NH-, -N(CH3)2, and n-butyl groups. Their chemosensing properties for five pesticides trifluralin (TFR), triflumizole, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyfluthrin are studied. Surprisingly, the polymers exhibit exceptionally high recognition for TFR, and the fluorescent quenching coefficients measured in water reach 4.1 × 106 M-1, being 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of other porous polymers reported in the literature. The limit of detection (0.7 ppb) for TFR can compete with that of the electrochemical method. The fluorescence response at an extremely low concentration of 3 × 10-8 M and selective recognition for TFR are confirmed by the visual observation using the portable polymer plates. Additionally, the different water mediums including varied acid-basic conditions and the presence of heavy metal ions have nearly no effect on the detection sensitivity. The ultrasensitive recognizable response for TFR is explained in terms of the photoinduced electron transfer, inner filter effect, improved hydrophilicity of polymer skeleton and porous trapping effect, and the dimensions and geometric configurations of pesticide molecules.

Interpenetrating Hollow Microlattice Metamaterial Enables Efficient Sound-Absorptive and Deformation-Recoverable Capabilities.

Owing to the pervasive noise and crash hazards, tough microlattices with sound absorption capabilities are sought-after. However, typical truss microlattices are unable to fulfill this requirement. To overcome this, herein, we report a new design strategy for truss microlattices via introducing the concept of interpenetrating hollow struts, which thereby constitutes a novel interpenetrating hollow microlattice metamaterial (IHMM). The design is based on interweaved unit cells of a hollow octet-truss (HOT) and a hollow rhombic dodecahedron-like (HRDL) truss. Experimentally demonstrated, the IHMM displays a synergistic gain in both sound absorption and mechanical properties that substantially surpass that of its constituent lattices. High sound absorption coefficients (α > 0.99) and broad half-absorption (3.2 kHz) are observed, with the average α being 110.6 and 85.3% higher than those of the HOT and HRDL, respectively. The sound absorption mechanism is attributed to the presence of cascaded Helmholtz resonance, which is then fully elucidated by impedance and damping analyses. The IHMM also outperforms its constituents in specific strength. A simultaneous high strength (4 MPa) and recoverability (80% strain) and pseudo-reusability are also observed. The mechanisms behind the mechanical reinforcement and exceptional robustness are thoroughly revealed. Overall, this work offers insights into developing multifunctional engineering materials.

Altered White Matter Integrity in ADHD Revealed by Meta-analysis of Tract-based Spatial Statistics.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted an updated coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to determine the most prominent and robust white matter (WM) abnormalities in ADHD based on tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) findings. METHOD: The seed-based d mapping (SDM) software was applied to compare regional fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations in ADHD. Subgroup meta-analyses in the pure ADHD without comorbidity subgroup, the children and adolescents subgroup, and the adults subgroup were also explored, respectively. Meta-regression analysis was subsequently used to examine potential correlations between demographics and FA changes. RESULTS: Only one cluster in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC) exhibited age-related FA decrease in ADHD individuals in the pooled meta-analysis. The adults ADHD subgroup revealed two clusters with reduced FA lied in the splenium and body of CC. CONCLUSION: This updated CBMA confirmed the WM abnormalities in the splenium of CC in ADHD, and improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of this neurodevelopmental disorder.

New Class of Multifunctional Bioinspired Microlattice with Excellent Sound Absorption, Damage Tolerance, and High Specific Strength.

Although mutually independent, simultaneous sound absorption and superior mechanical properties are often sought after in a material. One main challenge in achieving such a material will be on how to design it. Herein, we propose a bamboo-inspired design strategy to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Building on top of the basic octet-truss design, we introduce a hollow-tube architecture to achieve lightweight property and mechanical robustness and a septum-chamber architecture to introduce acoustic resonant cells. The concept is experimentally verified through samples fabricated using selective laser melting with the Inconel 718 alloy. High sound absorption coefficients (>0.99) with broadband spectra, damage-tolerant behavior, high specific strength (up to 81.2 MPa·cm3/g), and high specific energy absorption of 40.1 J/g have been realized in this design. The sound absorption capability is attributed to Helmholtz resonance through the pore-and-cavity morphology of the structure. Microscopically speaking, dissipation primarily occurs via the viscous frictional flow and thermal boundary layers on the air and microlattice interactions at the narrow pores. The high strength is in turn attributed to the near-membrane state of stress in the plate structures and the excellent strength of the base material. Overall, this work presents a new design concept for developing multifunctional metamaterials.

Multifunctional sound-absorbing and mechanical metamaterials via a decoupled mechanism design approach.

Multifunctional materials are in high demand for practical engineering applications. Owing to the ubiquitous noise and impact energy hazards in many settings, traditional materials and conventionally designed metamaterials are incapable of preventing these types of hazard simultaneously. Herein, we report a new paradigm, via a decoupled approach, in the design of acousto-mechanical multifunctional metamaterials. We leverage the morphology of a Helmholtz resonator, such that the sound-absorbing and mechanical components are designed independently. For sound absorption, we adopt a coherent coupling design for a favorable resonant response, while for the mechanical response, we adopt customized struts. We then demonstrate our concept via 3D printing. Experimentally measured remarkable broadband absorption in the practical low-frequency range (<1.0 kHz) is achieved. Absorption mechanisms are attributed to viscous and thermal boundary dissipation. Compression tests also reveal that the metamaterials are highly deformation resilient with a recovery of up to 98%, owing to both the lattice structure design and the viscoelastic behavior of the base material. Through this decoupled design, we further demonstrate the potential of our metamaterials in customizable absorption, strength, pseudo-reusability, and impact resistance. The proposed design paradigm broadens the horizon for the design of multifunctional materials, offering an impetus to their exploration for practical applications.

Bifunctional Metamaterials Incorporating Unusual Geminations of Poisson's Ratio and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion.

Natural materials overwhelmingly shrink laterally under stretching and expand upon heating. Through incorporating Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion (PR and CTE) in unusual geminations, such as positive PR and negative CTE, negative PR and positive CTE, and even zero PR and zero CTE, bifunctional metamaterials would generate attractive shape control capacity. However, reported bifunctional metamaterials are only theoretically constructed by simple skeletal ribs, and the magnitudes of the bifunctions are still in quite narrow ranges. Here, we propose a methodology for generating novel bifunctional metamaterials consisting of engineering polymers. From concept to refinement, the topology and shape optimization are integrated for programmatically designing bifunctional metamaterials in various germinations of the PR and CTE. The underlying deformation mechanisms of the obtained bifunctions are distinctly revealed. All of the designs with complex architectures and material layouts are fabricated using the multimaterial additive manufacturing, and their effective properties are experimentally characterized. Good agreements of the design, simulation, and experiments are achieved. Especially, the accessible range of the bifunction, namely, PR and CTE, is remarkably enlarged nearly 4 times. These developed approaches open an avenue to explore the bifunctional metamaterials, which are the basis of myriad mechanical- and temperature-sensitive devices, e.g., morphing structures and high-precision components of the sensors/actuators in aerospace and electronical domains.

The prevalence and clinical correlates of medical disorders comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Medical disorders in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have attracted more and more attention. So far, there is still a lack of studies on this issue utilizing large sample sizes in the Chinese sample. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the clinical characteristics of BD patients comorbid medical disorders in a relatively large Chinese sample. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 1,393 BD patients (882 patients with medical disorders and 511 patients without medical disorders). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained by the Hospital Information System and self-designed questionnaires. RESULTS: The comorbidity rate of medical disorders in BD was 63.32%. The average number of medical disorders for a BD patient was 2.69. The top five comorbid medical disorders in BD patients were circulatory system diseases (19%), nervous system diseases (18%), endocrine and metabolic diseases (17%), digestive system diseases (16%), and respiratory system diseases (8%). BD patients with comorbid medical disorders had an older average age, lower education level, longer illness course, later onset age, lower ratio of psychotic features, more admission numbers, higher ratio of smoking and drinking alcohol, more number of manic episodes (All P < 0.05). Smoking, numbers of depressive episode, onset age, and illness course were independent risk factors of comorbidities in BD patients (All P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Medical disorders in Chinese BD patients are highly prevalent. The smoking, number of depressive episodes, onset age, illness course, are correlated with BD patients comorbid medical disorders. Clinicians should pay attention to the medical disorders comorbidities in BD patients, and take effective measures to improve treatment outcome and reduce the suffering. The integrative approach should be the imperative in clinical practice.

Micro-/Mesoporous Fluorescent Polymers and Devices for Visual Pesticide Detection with Portability, High Sensitivity, and Ultrafast Response.

The residue of pesticides in crops, soil, and water continues to be a widespread concern due to the threat to human health and food safety. With the aim to develop highly sensitive sensing materials and portable detection devices, two dicarbazole-based fluorescent micro-/mesoporous polymers (JYs) with a larger specific surface area and pore sizes ranging from 1.1 to 34.2 nm are synthesized. The Stern-Volmer constants of JY fluorescence quenching for imidacloprid (50,063 M-1) exceed 23-51 times those of the reported porous organic polymers (980-2173 M-1). Of particular interest is the observation that JYs show rapid fluorescence response (2 s) and ultralow detection limit (30 ppb) for imidacloprid in water medium. The pronounced chemsensing property is attributed to the synergistic role of the hierarchical pore structure, large π-conjugation of chromophore groups, and strong inner filter effect between the polymer and imidacloprid molecule. Moreover, the pesticide detection of JYs exhibits good interference resistance in complicated service environments such as the extract liquids of the apple peel and field soil as well as aqueous solutions of various cations and anions. Because of the portability, excellent reusability, and sensitive fluorescence response, the prepared JYs and detection devices have promising applications in the on-site monitoring and early warning of the pesticide residues.

A novel 3D Zn-coordination polymer based on a multiresponsive fluorescent sensor demonstrating outstanding sensitivities and selectivities for the efficient detection of multiple analytes.

A novel and unusual 3D luminescent coordination polymer (CP) [Zn2(3-bpah)(bpta)(H2O)]·3H2O (1), where 3-bpah denotes N,N'-bis(3-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-cyclohexane and H4bpta denotes 2,2',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, was successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods from Zn(II) ions and 3-bpah and bpta ligands. The structure of this CP was investigated via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis along with single crystal X-ray diffraction. Notably, 1 exhibits remarkable fluorescence behavior and stability over a wide pH range and in various pure organic solvents. More importantly, 1 can become an outstanding candidate for the selective and sensitive sensing of Fe3+, Mg2+, Cr2O72-, MnO4-, nitrobenzene (NB) and nitromethane (NM), at an extremely low detection limit. The changes in the fluorescence intensity exhibited by these six analytes in the presence of 1 over a wide pH range indicate that this polymer can be an excellent luminescent sensor. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is a rare example of a CP-based multiresponsive fluorescent sensor for metal cations, anions, and toxic organic solvents.

The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Clinical Correlates of QTc Prolongation in Chinese Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia.

Background: The QTc interval may be significantly prolonged in schizophrenia patients taking antipsychotics. Few studies have addressed QTc prolongation (QTP) in Chinese patients. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of QTP and its clinical correlates in Chinese hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 436 inpatients and 291 normal controls matched with age and sex were included. QTc prolongation was defined as 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean value of normal controls. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor model were used to evaluate psychopathological symptoms. Results: QTc interval was significantly longer in patients than in normal controls. The prevalence of QTP is 8.26% in Chinese hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. More women than men displayed QTP. Compared with patients without QTP, the patients with QTP had significantly higher concrete/disorganized subscore, lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower total protein (TP). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher number of hospitalizations, higher concrete/disorganized subscore and lower LDL were risk factors for QTP. Correlation analysis indicated significant association between QTc interval and the following variables: sex, age, duration of illness, the number of hospitalizations, PANSS total score, fasting blood glucose (FPG). Finally, a multiple regression analysis showed that older age, antipsychotic polypharmacy, higher PANSS total score, and lower LDL were risk factors for QTP. Among them, LDL seemed to be a protective factor for QTP. Conclusions: QTc interval was longer in schizophrenia patients than in normal controls. The prevalence of QTP is 8.26% in Chinese hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. Some clinical characteristics were risk factors for QTP. And LDL seemed to be a protective factor for QTP.

Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Depressive vs. Manic First Episode of Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disease marked by episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states. Patients with bipolar disorder may present with different symptoms at first onset. The aim of this study is to compare demographic and clinical variables based on a patient's first episode of bipolar disorder, including risk of recurrence over a 2-year period. Methods: A large cohort (N = 742) of patients with bipolar disorder in China was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to their first episode of bipolar disorder, either depression or mania. Patients in mixed state first episode were classified based on predominant symptoms. Three hundred eighteen patients of the cohort had a first episode of mania and 424 patients had initial symptoms of depression. Demographic and clinical data were collected. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Data on compliance with follow-up appointments and recurrence of symptoms after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were collected. Clinical characteristics (course of disease, age of onset, psychiatric family history, etc.) were compared between the mania group and depression groups. Results: More patients with bipolar disorder had a first episode of depression than mania (57.14 vs. 42.86%). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had later age of diagnosis of bipolar disorder [(38.64 ± 13.50) vs. (36.34 ± 14.94), P = 0.028], lower education level [(9.37 ± 4.34) vs. (10.17 ± 4.81), P = 0.017] and longer latency between an initial episode of psychiatric symptoms and formal bipolar diagnosis [(10.80 ± 10.76) vs. (8.85 ± 9.90), P = 0.012]. More patients in the mania group were male and without psychotic symptoms (all P < 0.05). In comparison with the mania group, more patients in the depression group were female, with higher frequency of a reported precipitating event before first mood episode (all P < 0.05). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had more recurrences of illness at the end of 12 months (Z =-2.156, P = 0.031), 18 months (Z =-2.192, P = 0.028), and 24 months (Z = -2.364, P = 0.018). Conclusions: In our study, there are a number of differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with different onset syndromes of bipolar disorder. These differences include gender, education level, diagnosis age, the rate of recurrences, and others. These data of a cohort of Chinese patients add to the growing international literature on the relationship between index episode of bipolar disorder and clinical variables and outcomes. These results and further study may allow clinicians to offer patients and families more reliable prognostic information at the onset of disease.

Micro- and Ultramicroporous Polyaminals for Highly Efficient Adsorption/Separation of C1-C3 Hydrocarbons and CO2 in Natural Gas.

This paper presents a series of micro- and ultramicroporous polyaminals with BET surface areas up to 1304 m2 g-1, which are prepared from two triazine-based tetraamines and three dialdehydes or monoaldehyde through the A4 + B2 or A4 + B1 aminalization reaction. It is interesting to find that the para-substituted monomers are favorable to force the linking struts apart in the network to generate micropores (1.22 nm), whereas the meta-substituted monomers make the pores in the network squeezed by the twisted linking struts, resulting in the formation of ultramicropores (0.52 nm). Besides, the adsorption behaviors of the major components of natural gas, such as propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), are significantly different, strongly depending on the polarizabilities, critical temperatures, molecular sizes of gases, porosity parameters of polymers, and the interaction between gases and the polymer skeleton. At 298 K/1 bar, the polymers show high uptake for C3H8 (114.5 cm3 g-1) and C2H6 (84.2 cm3 g-1). Moreover, the adsorption selectivities of C3H8/CH4, C2H6/CH4, C3H8/C2H6, C3H8/CO2, C2H6/CO2, and CO2/CH4 also reach 296.3, 23.1, 9.0, 22.1, 4.1, and 5.0, respectively, exhibiting promising applications in adsorption/separation of C1-C3 hydrocarbons and stripping CO2 gas from natural gas under the ambient condition.

Creation of Carbazole-Based Fluorescent Porous Polymers for Recognition and Detection of Various Pesticides in Water.

The development of sensitive, fast, and portable methods for detecting the residual toxic pesticides is essentially important because of the increasing concerns for public health and safety. For this purpose, three fluorescent porous organic polymers containing pendant N-benzyl carbazole, N-benzyl dibromo-carbazole, and N-benzyl dimethoxy-carbazole groups were synthesized via a one-step polymerization reaction. The resultant polymers emit bright cyan, blue, and green light under the ultraviolet lamp, respectively, with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller area up to 858 m2 g-1 and tunable pore sizes in the range of 0.5-36 nm. Six pesticides including trifluralin, isopropalin, glyphosate, fenitrothion, imidacloprid, and cyfluothrin are selected as the analytes to investigate the recognition and detection ability of polymers in terms of the different photo-physical properties of polymers, chemical structure of organic pesticides as well as the pore sizes of polymers, and molecular sizes of pesticides. It is interesting to find that, even though in water medium, the measured fluorescent quenching Stern-Volmer coefficient for trifluralin still reaches 26,040 L mol-1 and is nearly unchanged under both acidic or basic service conditions. Moreover, the test paper prepared from the polymer exhibits a rapid fluorescent response when contacting the aqueous trifluralin dispersion liquid, and the sensitivity remains stable after recycling use for twelve times.