Thermal Diffusion Films with In-Plane Anisotropy by Aligning Carbon Fibers in a Cellulose Nanofiber Matrix.

For highly efficient heat dissipation of thin electronic devices, development of film materials that exhibit high thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction is desired. In particular, it is important to develop thermally conductive films with large in-plane anisotropy to prevent thermal interference between heat sources in close proximity and to cool in other directions by diffusion. In this study, we developed flexible composite films composed of a uniaxially aligned carbon-fiber filler within a cellulose nanofiber matrix through liquid-phase three-dimensional patterning. The film exhibited a high in-plane thermal conductivity anisotropy of 433%, with combined properties of a thermal conductivity of 7.8 W/mK in the aligned direction and a thermal conductivity of 1.8 W/mK in the in-plane orthogonal direction. This remarkable thermal conductivity and in-plane anisotropy showed the ability to significantly cool powder electroluminescent devices formed on the composite film and also to cool two heat sources in close proximity without thermal interference. In addition, the carbon-fiber filler could be extracted from the composite films by heat treatment at 450 °C and reused as a thermally conductive material.

Enhancement of Luminance in Powder Electroluminescent Devices by Substrates of Smooth and Transparent Cellulose Nanofiber Films.

Powder electroluminescent (EL) devices with an electric field type excitation are surface light sources that are expected to have a wide range of practical applications, owing to their high environmental resistance; however, their low luminance has hindered their use. A clarification of the relationship between the properties of the film substrates and the electroluminescence is important to drastically improve light extraction efficiency. In this study, powder EL devices with different substrates of various levels of surface roughness and different optical transmittances were fabricated to quantitatively evaluate the relationships between the substrate properties and the device characteristics. A decrease in the surface roughness of the substrate caused a clear increase in both the current density and the luminance. The luminance was found to have a direct relationship with the optical transmittance of the substrates. The powder EL device, which was based on a cellulose nanofiber film and was the smoothest and most transparent substrate investigated, showed the highest luminance (641 cd/cm2) when 300 V was applied at 1 kHz.