RESUMO
PURPOSE: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors carry a risk of normotensive ischemic acute kidney injury in dehydration and concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Although the estimated number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 20 000, Fujieda, Japan, has only three nephrologists. On 25 March 2016, we reorganized the CKD network to include pharmacists and distributed a CKD manual. We assessed effects of pharmacist participation in the CKD network and CKD manual distribution on patient hospitalizations because of drug-related kidney injury. METHODS: Changes in the prevalence of RAS inhibitor-related estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) declines of greater than or equal to 30% and hyperkalemia of greater than or equal to 6.0 mEq/L in 129 hospitalized CKD patients, drug prescriptions of 14 150 hospitalized patients, and annual medical checkup data in 36 042 citizens were investigated before and after pharmacist participation. RESULTS: After pharmacist participation, patient hospitalizations due to RAS inhibitor-related eGFR declines decreased (71.4% to 38.1%, P = .03) and hyperkalemia declined (38.1% to 9.5%, P = .03). Pharmacist participation influenced the decrease in RAS inhibitor-related eGFR declines (P = .03). NSAID prescriptions decreased (13.4% to 11.8%, P = .003) and acetaminophen prescriptions increased (6.6% to 8.0%, P = .002) among 14 150 hospitalized patients, whereas RAS inhibitor prescriptions decreased (43.2% to 39.4%, P = .002) among 6930 hospitalized patients with eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . A significant number of citizens shifted from CKD stage G3a-3b to G1-2. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist participation in the CKD network and CKD manual distribution decreased both hospitalizations due to RAS inhibitor-related kidney injury and citizens with CKD stage G3a-3b.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/organização & administração , Farmacêuticos/organização & administração , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Interações Medicamentosas , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hiperpotassemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperpotassemia/epidemiologia , Hiperpotassemia/terapia , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papel Profissional , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
With the progress of antibiotic therapy, the mortality of lung abscess has been improved, and surgical intervention has declined. However, surgery is still required in selected cases that are intractable to antibiotic treatment. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is beneficial for treatment and/or diagnosis of pulmonary disease as it provides a less invasive surgical technique and reduces prolongation of post-operative recovery. However, the indication of VATS lobectomy for lung abscess is controversial as a result of particular complications, i.e. wet lung, intrapleural adhesion and ease of bleeding. We herein report a rare combination of lung abscess and osteomyelitis of mandible resulting from the same pathogen successfully treated with VATS lobectomy. We propose VATS lobectomy for lung abscess. This procedure might be the best treatment candidate for selected cases of lung abscess.
Assuntos
Abscesso Pulmonar/cirurgia , Mandíbula , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Pneumonectomia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/terapia , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Abscesso Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Abscesso Pulmonar/etiologia , Masculino , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Osteomielite/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In radiotherapy and chemotherapy tumor hypoxia is recognized as a major obstacle to effective treatment. We undertook a pilot study in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer to determine whether there is a relationship between tumor uptake of (62)Cu-ATSM and response to chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Seventeen patients were studied using PET/CT with (62)Cu-ATSM and (18)F-FDG prior to the initiation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All patients had locally advanced head and neck cancer (stage III or IV). Tumor uptake in all patients was measured by region of interest analysis using the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). A total dose of 50.4-70.2 Gy (median 70.2 Gy) was delivered in 29-39 fractions (median 39 fractions) to tumor. In patients with (non CR) and without (CR) residual/recurrent tumors at 2-year post irradiation, the statistical significance of the differences in tumor (62)Cu-ATSM SUVmax, T/M ratio, (18)F-FDG SUVmax and tumor volume were analyzed using Student's t test and Welch test. The relationship between clinical outcome and (62)Cu-ATSM/(18)F-FDG uptake patterns was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between SUVmax of (62)Cu-ATSM and (18)F-FDG was compared by Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: Two of the 17 patients that were enrolled in our study were excluded from the final analysis. Of the 15 remaining patients, 9 patients were free of disease and 6 patients had residual/recurrent tumors. The SUVmax differed significantly (p < 0.05) between patients with or without residual/recurrent tumor on (62)Cu-ATSM PET/CT. Six of the 10 patients with tumors SUVmax >5.00 had residual/recurrent tumor, whereas all of the 5 patients with tumors SUVmax <5.00 were free of disease. There was no significant difference in FDG uptake between patients with and without residual/recurrent tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggested that (62)Cu-ATSM uptake may be a predictive indicator of tumor response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Cobre , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Compostos Organometálicos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Tiossemicarbazonas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transporte Biológico , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos da radiação , Complexos de Coordenação , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organometálicos/metabolismo , Projetos Piloto , Tiossemicarbazonas/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Liver abscess is recognized as a life-threatening disease. However, even in recent years, approximately 50% of liver abscess cases are considered to be cryptogenic. Here, we report a case of liver abscess associated with periodontal bacterial infection by Fusobacterium necrophorum, which is commonly found in the oropharyngeal flora. A 36-year-old man presented with fever and contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple liver abscesses. F.necrophorum was isolated from oral smears, liver aspirates and blood samples. Liver abscesses caused by periodontal bacterial infection are rare, however, the incidence is expected to increase in the future, as periodontitis is extremely common and is on the rise as one of the most common chronic infections in the world. A systemic survey including periodontitis may be required for the exact diagnosis of the source of infection.
RESUMO
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) was grafted into rat mandibular bone defects to assess its potential as a scaffold material for bone regeneration. For this purpose, beta-TCP (TCP), allogenic bone (Allograft), and allogenic bone combined with beta-TCP (Combined) were employed as graft materials. To the left side of the graft materials in the bone defects, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was added. The rats were sacrificed at one, three, and five weeks. Bone formation rate (BFR), remaining beta-TCP rate (RTR), beta-TCP absorption rate (TAR), whole amount of beta-TCP (WTCP), and total rate of BFR and RTR (TBR) were measured. Combined showed equivalent BFR to Allograft at five weeks, and showed higher RTR at one week and higher BFR at five weeks than TCP. Combined with PRP showed higher TAR than that without PRP at three weeks. Therefore, combination with allogenic bone showed reduced beta-TCP absorption, hence enhancing the role of beta-TCP in bone regeneration. These findings suggested that beta-TCP is a better scaffold for bone regeneration if its early absorption is reduced when used in combination with an osteogenic material.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Fosfatos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Doenças Mandibulares/cirurgia , Alicerces Teciduais , Implantes Absorvíveis , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Mandíbula/patologia , Doenças Mandibulares/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Porosidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe vertical distraction osteogenesis of a scapular flap and removable lip support for oral rehabilitation after surgical creation of an ablative defect of the mandible. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old man who was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the left lower gingiva underwent segmental mandibulectomy for tumor ablation and reconstruction with a scapular bone flap. To augment bone height of this flap, vertical distraction osteogenesis was performed. After denture fabrication, a removable lip support was placed between the implant-supported denture and the lower lip. RESULTS: The bone height of the scapular bone flap increased by 9 mm. Implants with adequate length could be placed in the distracted bone. The lip support was effective. Two years after masticatory loading, the implants remained stable. CONCLUSION: Vertical distraction osteogenesis of the scapular bone flap was suitable to facilitate postoperative functional and esthetic restoration after tumor resection. A removable lip support was also useful as a supplementary tool for oral rehabilitation.
Assuntos
Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/métodos , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Prótese Mandibular , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/reabilitação , Osteogênese por Distração/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Idoso , Transplante Ósseo/fisiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/reabilitação , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Neoplasias Gengivais/reabilitação , Neoplasias Gengivais/cirurgia , Humanos , Lábio/fisiologia , Masculino , Escápula/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes a case of secondary mandibular bone reconstruction performed to place dental implants. Osteosynthesis and simultaneous irregular trifocal distraction osteogenesis were documented. PATIENT: The patient was a 51-year-old man with recurrent ameloblastoma of the mandible. Segmental mandibulectomy for tumor ablation and immediate mandibular reconstruction were performed. Because the volume of reconstructed bone was insufficient to place dental implants, trifocal distraction osteogenesis (vertical and horizontal distraction osteogenesis) was performed. Because the mandible had lost its continuity, osteosynthesis was performed simultaneously. RESULTS: Through this procedure, the bone was well augmented. Absorption of the distracted bone was not seen. Adequate-length implants were placed. CONCLUSION: Irregular trifocal distraction osteogenesis synchronized with osteosynthesis shortened the treatment period and produced stable bone augmentation for placement of dental implants. Therefore, this procedure could be indicated for complicated segmental mandibular bone defects.
Assuntos
Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/métodos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Osteogênese por Distração/instrumentação , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Ameloblastoma/cirurgia , Placas Ósseas , Reabsorção Óssea , Transplante Ósseo/efeitos adversos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Falha de Equipamento , Fixadores Externos , Humanos , Técnicas de Fixação da Arcada Osseodentária , Masculino , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteogênese por Distração/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While the mechanism of aerophagia remains unclear, the frequency of clenching has been reported to be increased when under stress. We hypothesized that, via the swallowing reflex, chronic air swallowing was induced through a "learned habit" of the oral cavity, which was acquired through psychological factors. This study examined whether the habitual repeated swallowing in the oral cavity was a process of aerophagia. METHODS: After continuous experimental saliva swallowing, changes in the stomach bubble were examined by abdominal X-rays in a standing position. The subjects included 9 males and 10 females aged 20 to 36 years that were without organic disease in the pharynx and nasal cavity. X-ray images were digitized, and the area of the stomach bubble was measured by tracing. RESULTS: A close correlation was revealed in the stomach bubble area between posteroanterior and lateral views in six males (p<0.001, r = 0.910). In 3 males and 10 females, the area of the stomach bubble by posteroanterior view after 30 swallows was significantly increased compared with that before swallowing (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, abdominal X-rays confirmed that frequent saliva swallowing expanded the stomach bubble.