"Coke's not a food": A critical discourse analysis of sugar-sweetened beverage tax acceptability by white residents from an upper-middle class neighborhood in Winnipeg Manitoba.

Increasing concerns about the health impacts of sugar consumption has led to the proposition of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax in Canada. However, competing concerns related to stigma and equity remain and have not been explored in a Canadian context. As part of a broader study examining the perspectives of various populations on SSB tax acceptability, we examined how residents of an upper-middle class neighborhood conceptualize SSB tax acceptability, and we explored the discourses that inform their discussion. We conducted and analyzed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with residents of an upper-middle class neighborhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Recruitment criteria were residence, adults, and English speaking. Critical discourse analysis methodology was used, and healthism (health moralism) and tax psychology informed the analysis. Eighteen participants volunteered: 15 females and 3 males; all self-identified as white, and all spoke about (grand)parenting. Healthist discourse was utilized in supportive discussion of SSB taxation. With the mobilization of healthism, ideal citizens and parents were described as "health conscious" and those who might be likely to reduce SSB intake because of taxation. Healthism also contributed to their identification of beverages targeted by a tax, versus those they deemed as having redeeming nutritional qualities. Limits to SSB tax support were expressed as fairness concerns, with a focus on the procedural justice of the tax. Participants supported SSB taxation and the discourses they employed suggested support for the tax was perceived as contributing to their construction of the kind of ideal, health-valuing citizens they hoped to embody. However, participants were also concerned about the fairness of implementation, although this did not outweigh the prioritization of good health.

Perceptions of Beverages With Non-nutritive Sweeteners Among Indigenous Adults Living in Manitoba and Implications for Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of Indigenous adults on consuming beverages with non-nutritive sweeteners. METHODS: In this work, we used a community-based, participatory design in partnership with National Indigenous Diabetes Association, Four Arrows Regional Health Authority, and Fearless R2W. We conducted 74 qualitative interviews with Indigenous adults living in Manitoba, including Island Lake First Nations (n=39), Flin Flon (n=15), and the North End neighbourhood of Winnipeg (n=20). Data were indexed in NVivo, and transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Participants exclusively discussed beverages with non-nutritive sweeteners (BNNSs) as an alternative to regular pop or sugary drinks, which were widely available, accessible, and consumed. Why or how BNNSs were viewed as an alternative comprised 3 subthemes: an alternative for health reasons; divergent taste preferences; and an alternative with mysterious but negative health effects. Participants who reported regular consumption of BNNSs largely described consuming them to manage type 2 diabetes. Fewer participants discussed BNNS as a means of weight management or as a preventive health behaviour. Participants who did not report regular BNNS consumption described not liking the taste of BNNSs. Finally, many participants described negative health impacts of consuming BNNSs, and specifically aspartame, although few articulated what those negative impacts were. CONCLUSIONS: Divergent perspectives among Indigenous adults regarding the health implications of consuming BNNSs may reflect ongoing scholarly debates. These findings have implications for the prevention and dietary management of type 2 diabetes in Indigenous communities.

Dietary gluten avoidance in Canada: a cross-sectional study using survey data.

BACKGROUND: A gluten-free diet (GFD) is required for the management of some conditions, whereas some Canadians may follow a GFD for discretionary reasons. We sought to estimate the prevalence of Canadians who adhere to a GFD, identify factors associated with adherence to a GFD, and describe and compare the location of food preparation and consumption for those who follow a GFD, those who report no dietary avoidances and those reporting other dietary avoidances. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition (n = 20 487). Demographic variables included sex, age group, ethnicity, highest level of household education and income adequacy. The relations between respondent characteristics and report of a GFD were estimated using logistic regression. Respondents were further categorized as avoiding dietary gluten, other dietary avoidances and no dietary avoidances. RESULTS: An estimated 1.9% of Canadians follow a GFD. Women had 2 times higher odds (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32 to 3.27) of reporting a GFD than men. After adjustment for income adequacy, household education, sex, age group and ethnicity, residents of Ontario and Quebec had about half the odds (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.87, and OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.94, respectively) of reporting a GFD compared with residents of Atlantic Canada. Canadians who followed a GFD consumed significantly fewer calories from foods prepared at restaurants than both Canadians who reported no dietary avoidances and those who reported dietary avoidances other than gluten. Canadians following a GFD reported that 2.0% (95% CI 1.1% to 2.9%) of their daily kilocalories were from foods prepared at restaurants, compared with 6.7% (95% CI 5.4% to 7.9%) for Canadians reporting 1 or more dietary avoidances other than gluten, and 6.4% (95% CI 6.0% to 6.9%) for those reporting no avoidances. INTERPRETATION: The estimated 1.9% prevalence of dietary gluten avoidance likely includes individuals with celiac disease, wheat allergies and nonceliac gluten sensitivity, as well as individuals excluding gluten in the management of irritable bowel syndrome or for reasons related to dietary trends. Canadians eating GFDs consume fewer daily calories from restaurant-prepared foods than other Canadians, which may have social implications.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey.

Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

Students' perceptions of digital narratives of compassionate care.

This study set out to explore the learning that occurred from listening to narratives of compassionate care, and to identify students' preferred story formats and other potential uses of such stories. Four short stories in different media formats were used. Data was gathered from an evaluation questionnaire and thematic analysis undertaken; this generated two themes: 'Learning from the stories' and 'Students perceptions of the value of different media formats and other potential uses'. Sub-themes related to the narratives themselves emerged from first theme these included: person-centredness, compassion, relatives, effective mentor support and 'the world of the student nurse'. There was evidence of the stories acting as a trigger for reflection and discussion although sometimes, cognitive dissonance arose. Audiofiles suitable for use as podcasts, with and without music, and digital stories all proved to be effective digital narratives for this type of learning activity. Students suggested such stories would be also useful for preparing them for practice placements and training of mentors. In conclusion, digital narratives can promote effective reflective thinking and discussion about compassionate care. The findings support many aspects of narrative pedagogy previously reported but add to this by providing insight into student nurses' learning from peer experiences.

Towards a values-based person specification for recruitment of compassionate nursing and midwifery candidates: a study of registered and student nurses' and midwives' perceptions of prerequisite attributes and key skills.

Selection and retention of preregistration nursing and midwifery students are issues that exercise educators, universities and commissioning bodies both nationally and internationally. It has recently become an expectation that a values-based approach is used within recruitment and selection activities in the UK. The desirability of a person specification to support transparent recruitment and selection is well recognised. An online survey of registered and student nurses and midwives found consensus around the desirability of several personal attributes and key skills. There was consensus in the top seven ranked attributes which were honesty and trustworthiness, communication skills, being a good listener, patience and tactfulness, sensitivity and compassion, the ability to seek and act on guidance and being a good team worker; this was between registered and unregistered nurses and midwives and also between participants representing all fields of nursing and midwifery practice. Some of the responses from Practice Education Facilitators (PEFs) (n=5) and senior managers (n=15) differed from those of other registrants surveyed. The attribute 'Able to draw on knowledge and experience' was considered more important by PEFs and 'Observant and able to act on your own initiative within your level of responsibility' and 'Able to draw on knowledge and experience' were ranked more highly by senior managers.

Developing a nursing education project in partnership: leadership in compassionate care.

The prominence of the caring dimension has never had such a high profile in healthcare practice before. As a result of this, the Leadership in Compassionate Care Project has evolved. A unique feature is the partnership between Edinburgh Napier University and NHS Lothian. Engaging with and helping qualified and student nurses to value and promote the delivery of compassionate care is a primary focus of the project. This article outlines key policy drivers, the project's four main strands, and the aims, processes and perceived impact on practice.