Corrigendum: An ultrasonic-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing between benign and malignant solid renal masses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847805.].

Nomogram for preoperative estimation risk of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is frequent in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to developed a clinical-ultrasound (Clin-US) nomogram to predict LLNM in patients with PTC. METHODS: In total, 2612 PTC patients from two hospitals (H1: 1732 patients in the training cohort and 578 patients in the internal testing cohort; H2: 302 patients in the external testing cohort) were retrospectively enrolled. The associations between LLNM and preoperative clinical and sonographic characteristics were evaluated by the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The Clin-US nomogram was built basing on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predicting performance of Clin-US nomogram was evaluated by calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: The age, gender, maximum diameter of tumor (tumor size), tumor position, internal echo, microcalcification, vascularization, mulifocality, and ratio of abutment/perimeter (A/P) > 0.25 were independently associated with LLNM metastatic status. In the multivariate analysis, gender, tumor size, mulifocality, position, microcacification, and A/P > 0.25 were independent correlative factors. Comparing the Clin-US nomogram and US features, Clin-US nomogram had the highest AUC both in the training cohort and testing cohorts. The Clin­US model revealed good discrimination between PTC with LLNM and without LLNM in the training cohort (AUC = 0.813), internal testing cohort (AUC = 0.815) and external testing cohort (AUC = 0.870). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the ClinUS nomogram we newly developed can effectively predict LLNM in PTC patients and could help clinicians choose appropriate surgical procedures.

Artificial intelligence-based comprehensive analysis of immune-stemness-tumor budding profile to predict survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy. CD8+ T cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and tumor budding (TB) have been significantly correlated with the outcome of patients with PDAC, but the correlations have been independently reported. In addition, no integrated immune-CSC-TB profile for predicting survival in patients with PDAC has been established. METHODS: Multiplexed immunofluorescence and artificial intelligence (AI)-based comprehensive analyses were used for quantification and spatial distribution analysis of CD8+ T cells, CD133+ CSCs, and TB. In vivo humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were established. Nomogram analysis, calibration curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS: The established 'anti-/pro-tumor' models showed that the CD8+ T cell/TB, CD8+ T cell/CD133+ CSC, TB-adjacent CD8+ T cell, and CD133+ CSC-adjacent CD8+ T cell indices were positively associated with survival of patients with PDAC. These findings were validated using PDX-transplanted humanized mouse models. An integrated nomogram-based immune-CSC-TB profile that included the CD8+ T cell/TB and CD8+ T cell/CD133+ CSC indices was established and shown to be superior to the tumor-node-metastasis stage model in predicting survival of patients with PDAC. CONCLUSIONS: 'Anti-/pro-tumor' models and the spatial relationship among CD8+ T cells, CSCs, and TB within the tumor microenvironment were investigated. Novel strategies to predict the prognosis of patients with PDAC were established using AI-based comprehensive analysis and machine learning workflow. The nomogram-based immune-CSC-TB profile can provide accurate prognosis prediction for patients with PDAC.

An Ultrasonic-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Distinguishing Between Benign and Malignant Solid Renal Masses.

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to develop and validate an ultrasonic-based radiomics nomogram for diagnosing solid renal masses. Methods: Six hundred renal solid masses with benign renal lesions (n = 204) and malignant renal tumors (n = 396) were divided into a training set (n = 480) and a validation set (n = 120). Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound (US) images preoperatively and then a radiomics score (RadScore) was calculated. By integrating the RadScore and independent clinical factors, a radiomics nomogram was constructed. The diagnostic performance of junior physician, senior physician, RadScore, and radiomics nomogram in identifying benign from malignant solid renal masses was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) in both the training and validation sets. The clinical usefulness of the nomogram was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The radiomics signature model showed satisfactory discrimination in the training set [area under the ROC (AUC), 0.887; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.860-0.915] and the validation set (AUC, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.816-0.932). The radiomics nomogram also demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in the training set (AUC, 0.911; 95% CI, 0.886-0.936) and the validation set (AUC, 0.861; 95% CI, 0.802-0.921). In addition, the radiomics nomogram model showed higher accuracy in discriminating benign and malignant renal masses compared with the evaluations by junior physician (DeLong p = 0.004), and the model also showed significantly higher specificity than the senior and junior physicians (0.93 vs. 0.57 vs. 0.46). Conclusions: The ultrasonic-based radiomics nomogram shows favorable predictive efficacy in differentiating solid renal masses.

Clinical features and survival analysis of very young (age<35) breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinicalpathological features and prognosis between premenopausal breast cancer patients aged of <35 and ≥35 years old. METHODS: The clinical data and survival status of 1498 cases premenopausal operable breast cancer treated in our hospital from 2002.1 to 2004. 12 were collected, 118 cases were aged <35. They were divided into 4 groups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive, Triple-negative. The disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified. RESULTS: The 5-year DFS and OS rates were significantly lower in age<35 than in age≥35 patients. In the Luminal B, HER2-positive, Triple-negative group, the 5-year recurrence risk was higher in age<35 than in age≥35 patients, and age<35 patients' 5-year death risk was higher only in Luminal B, Triple-negative group. Regardless of whether lymph node involved, age<35 patients had a bad prognosis in both DFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with premenopausal age ≥35 breast cancer, age<35 patients had a worse outcome.

The therapeutic function of the chemokine RANTES on the H22 hepatoma ascites model.

This study aimed at analyzing the therapeutic function of the chemokine RANTES on the H22 hepatoma ascites model and preliminarily explore the mechanism of RANTES in malignant ascites to provide an important reference for applying chemokines in anti-tumor therapy. The murine H22 hepatoma ascites model was used. Three treatment groups were analyzed: a RANTES treatment group, an IL-2 control group, and an NS control group. Two regimens of early treatment and late treatment were designed, and the therapeutic effect of RANTES on malignant ascites was studied by measuring changes in mouse body weight and abdominal circumference and observing the survival time. The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-ß1, and MCP-1 in mouse ascites was detected by ELISA, and the chemotactic function of RANTES on B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. In the early and late treatment regimens, RANTES could effectively inhibit the increase in mouse body weight and abdominal circumference in the murine H22 hepatoma ascites model. The secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ, which had anti-tumor effects, was higher in the RANTES treatment group than in the control groups (P < 0.05), whereas the secretion of TGF-ß1 and MCP-1, which promoted tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, was lower than in the control groups (P < 0.05). RANTES had chemotactic effects on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes; therefore, the percentage of CD3, CD4, and CD8 in the mouse ascites in the RANTES treatment group was significantly higher than in the NS control and IL-2 treatment groups, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was also significantly higher. RANTES can effectively inhibit the increase in body weight and abdominal circumference and significantly extend survival time in mice in the H22 hepatoma ascites model.

Application of Real-time Ultrasound Elastography in Diagnosing Benign and Malignant Thyroid Solid Nodules.

OBJECTIVE: Real-time ultrasound elastography (US-E) is a helpful tool in diagnosing thyroid nodules. This study aims to evaluate thyroid solid nodules, to establish the accuracy of US-E in providing information on the nature of these nodules, and to assess the clinical value of elasticity scores (ES) and strain ratio (SR) in differentiating thyroid solid nodules and to explore its distribution characteristics using pathological analysis as reference. METHODS: Traditional ultrasonography and US-E were performed on 131 thyroid solid nodules (99 benign ones and 32 malignant ones) in 120 patients (78 females and 41 males). Three radiologists evaluated the nodules based on a four-degree elasticity scoring system. The nodules were classified according to the ES as soft (ES 1-2) or hard (ES 3-4). The SR was calculated online. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the ES for thyroid cancer diagnosis were 78% and 80%, respectively. SR values ≥ 2.9 used as a standard to distinguish benign from malignant nodules had a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 92%. The SR of the benign lesions was 1.64±1.37, which was significantly different from that of malignant lesions, which was 4.96±2.13 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both the ES and SR were higher in malignant nodules than those in benign ones. Real-time US-E was a useful index in the differential diagnosis of thyroid solid nodules. It can provide quantitative information on thyroid nodule characterization and improve diagnostic confidence.

Development, survival, and reproduction of the psocid Liposcelis paeta (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) as a function of temperature.

The development, survival, and reproduction of Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), an important insect pest of stored products, were evaluated at nine constant temperatures (20-40 degrees C). Few insects could complete the development or reproduce at 20 or 40 degrees C. Between 22.5 and 37.5 degrees C, the developmental period from egg to adult varied from 45.4 d at 22.5 degrees C to 11.5 d at 37.5 degrees C. The lower temperature developmental thresholds were estimated at 18.1-21.9 degrees C, and the upper temperature thresholds were 40.4-42.0 degrees C. The percentage of survival from egg to adult was 52.79% at 32.5 degrees C and 18.79% at 22.5 degrees C. After emergence, the adult had a short preoviposition period that ranged from 6.3 d at 22.5 degrees C to 0.8 d at 37.5 degrees C. L. paeta produced the most eggs at 27.5 degrees C and the fewest at 37.5 degrees C. The population reared at 32.5 degrees C had the highest intrinsic rate of increase compared with the other temperatures. Based on our data, the optimal range of temperature for L. paeta population growth was 30-35 degrees C. These data give us better understanding of L. paeta population dynamics, and they can be used to develop effective management strategies for this psocid.