Seasonal incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pasteurellaceae isolated from American bison (Bison bison).

Ninety pharyngeal tonsils were collected from 2-year-old American bison (Bison bison) bulls and sampled for members of the Pasteurellaceae family. Particular attention was paid to seasonal incidence and antimicrobial resistance in serotypes and biovariants. Multiple strains of Pasteurella haemolytica (39%), P. trehalosi (68%), P. multocida (34%) and Haemophilus somnus (13%) were cultured from 86 out of the 90 (96%) tonsil samples. Pasteurella trehalosi was the most common and evenly distributed of the organisms recovered. Pasteurella haemolytica was found in fewer numbers than P. trehalosi, but showed an increase in number of isolates recovered with each sampling period. Pasteurella multocida, both A and D capsular types, was recovered from all sampling periods. No serotype pattern was observed in any of the animal groups sampled. One hundred twenty-seven of 147 (86%) of the isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, 95/147 (65%) to at least 2 different antibiotics, and 16/147 (11%) to at least 3 antibiotics. The most common resistance pattern observed was to neomycin and spectinomycin (73/147) (49%).

Use of a polymerase chain reaction method to detect the leukotoxin gene lktA in biogroup and biovariant isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and P trehalosi.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Pasteurella haemolytica and P trehalosi isolates possess the structural gene for Pasteurella leukotoxin lktA and whether beta-hemolytic activity of these isolates correlated with detection of the lktA gene. SAMPLE POPULATION: 147 P haemolytica isolates from 21 biovariant groups and 101 P trehalosi isolates from 7 biovariant groups. In addition, P multocida and organisms from 7 other genera were tested to establish specificity of the procedure. PROCEDURE: Isolates were observed for beta-hemolysis. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was used to amplify the RTX domain of the Pasteurella lktA gene. RESULTS: The lktA gene was detected in 108 (44%) isolates, including 15 associated with respiratory tract disease. All but 2 (98%) of the isolates that had the lktA gene were beta-hemolytic when grown on sheep blood agar. The remaining 140 isolates were negative for the lktA gene and hemolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hemolytic activity of P haemolytica and P trehalosi isolates correlated with detection of the lktA gene for all but 2 isolates. However, 56% of isolates tested were negative for the lktA gene and beta-hemolytic activity. Leukotoxin production and secretion is a major virulence factor when other conditions are favorable for disease development. Therefore, identification of strains that possess the lktA gene may aid in the evaluation of the pathogenic potential of Pasteurella strains carried by wild and domestic animals.

Additive genetic variance within populations derived by single-seed descent and pod-bulk descent.

Breeders of self-pollinated legumes commonly use single-seed descent (SSD) or pod-bulk descent (PBD) to produce segregating populations of highly inbred individuals. We presented equations for the expected value of the additive genetic variance within populations derived by SSD (E(V A)SSD) and PBD (E(V A)PBD) in terms of the initial population size (N 0), the number of seed harvested per pod (M), the probability of survival of an individual (θ), and the generation at which the population is evaluated (S t). Differences between (E(V A)SSD) and (E(V A)PBD) are due to differences in the expected amount of random drift which occurs with the two methods after the S 0 generation. With both methods, random drift occurs when progeny are sampled from heterozygous parents. An additional component of random drift occurs when sampled progeny fail to survive during SSD, or when sampling occurs amoung families during PBD. For values of N 0, M, θ, and S t that are typical of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding programs, (E(V A)SSD) will be greater than (E(V A)PBD). The ratio of (E(V A)SSD) to (E(V A)PBD) will: (1) increase as M and θ increase; (2) approach a value of 1.00 as N 0 increases; and (3) be a curvilinear function of S t. Plant breeders should compare SSD and PBD based upon values of (E(V A)SSD) and (E(V A)PBD) and the expected cost of carrying out the two methods.

Performance of Soybean Cultivars in Hoplolaimus columbus-infested Fields.

Yield performance and host suitability to Hoplolaimus columbus of 18 soybean cultivars in maturity groups V and VI and 21 cultivars in groups VII and VIII were evaluated in 10 experiments. No cultivar was highly resistant to H. columbus. Within individual experiments, few differences were detected in yield losses among cultivars; however, over all locations Braxton, Coker 485, and Leflore were intolerant to H. columbus. Braxton also exhibited pronounced chlorosis at all locations. Coker 368, Coker 488, Deltapine 506, Foster, Kirby, Ring Around 680, and Young sustained high yields.

[Intracranial manifestation of so-called "melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy"--a choristoma with neural crest potentials]. / Intrakranielle Manifestation eines sogenannten "melanotischen neuroektodermalen Tumors des Säuglingsalters"--Ein Choristom mit Neuralleistenpotenzen.

A case is reported of so-called "melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy" (= MNTI) in a female newborn. The tumour, whose localization was intracranial, but extracerebral, could be removed subtotally. A further 22 cases of the MNTI with neurocranial manifestations reported in the literature, but differing from our case in their extracranial growth, are listed for comparison. We believe that the neural crest is the histogenic origin of the MNTI and, therefore, our proposed definition is: "Christoma with neural crest potencies."

[So-called "ependymoma of the foramen of Monro" with differentiation of tissue toward the subfornical organ]. / Ein sogenanntes "Ependymom des Foramen Monroi" mit Differenzierung des Gewebes in Richtung des subfornikalen Organs.

A tumour was found in the left ventricle of a 25 year-old woman. Histology of this "ependymoma of Monro's foramen" shows characteristic structures of the subfornical organ. Whereas tumours of the pituitary or the pineal gland, which are also part of the circumventricular organs, are quite frequent, a tumour with differentiation characteristic of the subfornical organ is a rarity.

Applicability of leukocyte esterase test strip in detection of canine pyuria.

A commercially available leukocyte esterase assay was evaluated for application in analyzing canine urine for the detection of pyuria. In 229 urine samples, the leukocyte esterase activity was compared with leukocyte concentrations, as assessed by microscopic sediment analysis and chamber cell counts. The leukocyte esterase assay was specific (93.2%) for canine pyuria, but was poorly sensitive (46.0%) and did not appear to be applicable to analysis of canine urine samples.

Neurosarcoid reaction in association with a ruptured ACA-aneurysm.

A case of neurosarcoid reaction presenting itself as a mass lesion associated with a ruptured ACA aneurysm is reported. Diagnosis was established by histological investigation of the resected "brain tumour". The pre-operative diagnostic problems, similar cases in the literature as well as the possible pathogenesis are discussed.

Subarachnoid metastases from a prolactinoma.

A 37-year-old man developed a left frontal metastasis from a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour, which had been operated on nine years before. The metastatic tumour was totally excised. One and a half years later he was found to have multiple left temporal and parietal subarachnoid metastases. Because treatment with bromocriptine for five months and subsequent radiation proved ineffective, the tumour nodules were removed surgically.

[Pathologic anatomy and mechanism of brain tissue damage in Mycoplasma infection based on a case report]. / Zur Frage der pathologischen Anatomie und des Mechanismus der Hirngewebsschädigung bei Mykoplasmeninfektion an Hand eines Fallberichtes.

The following report deals with the pathological findings in severe brain tissue damage secondary to Mycoplasma infection with positive serological identification. The patient, a girl of 4 1/2 years, presented with the clinical signs of severe cerebral damage of acute onset and succumbed after an illness of 74 days. Autopsy revealed extensive cortical necrosis in one hemisphere with focal necrosis in the basal ganglia of the opposite hemisphere, together with demyelination and marked glial reaction. Although the changes suggest damage due to circulatory factors, the brain vessels appear normal. Disseminated intravascular coagulation appears to be the most likely pathogenesis.