Treatment of periorbital syringomas with intradermal botulinum toxin A monotherapy versus carbon dioxide laser: a case report.

Syringomas are eccrine-derived benign adnexal neoplasms with the highest prevalence in early adulthood. They predominantly occur in females. They are commonly located on the face, particularly the lower eyelids, which have a high demand for cosmetic enhancement. Periorbital syringomas continue to pose a therapeutic challenge, with no consistently effective treatment available. Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A is one of the new treatment modalities for periorbital syringomas. We report a case of periorbital syringomas in a 53-year-old female patient successfully treated using intradermal botulinum toxin A monotherapy as a painless cost-effective treatment that produced better long-term results than carbon dioxide laser.

Laser tattoo removal: Fundamental principles and practical approach.

Tattoos have long become a part of human civilization. However, as the number of people who get tattoos increases, so is the number of people who wish to have their tattoos removed. Compared to other methods, laser-based devices are associated with the best efficacy and least side effects in tattoo removal. Lack of understanding of the fundamental principles of laser and managing its parameters may result in suboptimal result and increased risk of side effects. Recognizing and mastering multiple factors including skin types, nature and color of tattoos, and proper selection of laser parameters such as wavelength, fluence, and pulse, are central in achieving an optimal tattoo removal outcome. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the fundamental principle of laser and practical approaches in tattoo removal.

Randomized control trial outcomes of tranexamic acid combination serum as a depigmenting agent for the use in healthy individuals.

To compare the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TA) combination serum with hydroquinone, the gold standard in whitening agents for healthy populations. This was a three-arm randomized controlled trial. The subjects were divided into three groups: the first group received 3% TA combination serum (3% TA, 4% galactomyces ferment filtrate, 2% niacinamide, and 4% alpha arbutin), the second group received 2% TA combination serum, and the third group received 4% hydroquinone. One milliliter of each serum was applied on three holes: Hole A, which was located 4 cm from the left cubital fossa, Hole B, which was located 4 cm from the first hole, and Hole C, which was located 4 cm from the right cubital fossa. The skin brightness and pigmentation intensity were evaluated each week for 4 weeks using a chromameter. A total of 44 subjects were recruited for this study. All groups showed a significant improvement in skin brightness and pigmentation intensity after 4 weeks (p < .001). There were no differences between the treatment groups and hydroquinone (p > .05). TA serum (2 and 3%) combined with 4% galactomyces ferment filtrate, niacinamide, and alpha arbutin is an effective depigmenting agent.